L2 MOTIVATION: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PAST ATTRIBUTIONS, THE L2MSS, AND INTENDED EFFORT Globalization has led to the spread of English, which has become the world’s international language. As a result of its importance in social, economic, and political spheres, many countries have introduced English language learning in their school curricula. However, despite its importance many learners still seem to struggle with English second language (L2) motivation, which is an Anna Martinović, Irena Burić: L2 MOTIVATION: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PAST ATTRIBUTIONS... 426 VESTNIK ZA TUJE JEZIKE/JOURNAL FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGES important element of L2 learning success. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between several phases of learners’ motivation, including learners’ attributions of past English L2 learning success, current motivational characteristics, and motivation to learn English in the future. Using the L2 Motivational Self System (L2MSS) as a framework, it was found that past learning experiences did not have a significant effect on current learner motivational dispositions. However, elements of the L2MSS had an effect on learners’ intentions to exert effort into future English language learning. In other words, Croatian university students’ L2 motivation was based on their visions for the future rather than on past learning experiences. Moreover, it appears that the ideal L2 self plays a much stronger role in learners’ motivation compared to the ought-to L2 self, and this motivation is tied to utilitarian motives for learning English. In addition, the results showed that other motivational components, such as interest, as well as L2 anxiety, are important elements of learners’ motivation, suggesting cognitive as well as affective aspects in this motivational profile. The complexity of motivation as shown in this study suggests the need for further investigations in various contexts.

In order to ensure that risky assets are covered by the bank's capital, the regulator has prescribed a minimum capital adequacy ratio (CAR). The prescribed CAR, which in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is 12%, represents the ability of banks to absorb losses caused by bad placements, expressed as the ratio of capital and risk assets of the bank. The sample of this research was performed at the level of the whole banking system of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The primary goal of this paper is to try to identify exogenous and endogenous factors that affect the capital sensitivity of banks operating in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research is focused on the period from 2014-2020, every quarter, and the research will explain descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and regression analysis. The research estimated two regression models, assumptions were checked and the obtained results were interpreted. The results of the first model showed that there is a statistically significant positive correlation between the leverage rate and the capital adequacy ratio, and a statistically significant negative correlation between the GDP growth rate and the capital adequacy ratio. The second model confirmed that there is a negative statistically significant correlation between the variables return on average assets (ROAA), total income / average assets (UPPA), net interest income / average assets (NIM) with the capital adequacy ratio.

Since the beginning of the coronavirus pandemic, along with the longings for a return to "normal state", statements that nothing will be the same afterwards could also be heard. However, the real task remains in deconstructing the relationship between the pre-pandemic normality and the political consequences that coronavirus has shed light on. Hence, the idea of a global risk society, developed by sociologist Ulrich Beck and Anthony Giddens, could easily be recalled within those circumstances. Questioning the role of politics and political science while assuming that we live in a post-industrial age, the central idea presupposes that politics is displaced from the traditional areas of big, ideological questions. In other words, in the age of Anthropocene marked as reflexive modernization, it is being considered that politics is merely taking place as subpolitics, dealing with individual things considering small, everyday life politics. Deprived of big questions, it rather anticipates manmade risks as the consequences of modernization and achievements of the changed nature related to production and distribution in capitalist societies. Though, this paper aims to see how the global state of emergency -as a state of exception -shook such ideas, illuminating their hidden ideological charge with the goal to normalize the relations of power and domination within society. In this regard, the paper also seeks to contribute to the discussion of the importance of social and political crises and transformations, and to affirm a critical concept of theoretical practice.

Mushroom production has become more popular in our environment. The most common cultivated mushroom is Agaricus bisporus. After mushrooms are harvested a large amount of used compost remains. This compost is a good material and producers used it as alternative substrate in plant production. The benefits of this compost are numerous like high content of organic matter and the rich mineral composition. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the use of spent mushroom compost (as alternative substrate) on growth and development of roots and above-ground parts of sage transplants (Salvia officinalis L.). Measurements of morphological parameters of plants (plant height, number of leaves, number of branches and plant diameter) were performed, as well as determination of fresh and dry weight of roots and above-ground parts of transplants. Application of spent mushroom substrate in the production of sage Salvia officinalis L. positively influenced growth and development as well as fresh and dry weight of roots and above-ground parts of treated plants compared to nontreated plants during transplanting growing stage. Plant height (+104%), number of leaves (+65%), number of branches (+143%), plant diameter (89%), were significantly increased by the spent mushroom compost application compared to the control - commercial substrate.

Extraaksijalni tumori mozga su lezije koje ne nastaju iz parenhima mozga i najčešće pomjeraju mozak od kostiju lubanje i proširuju subarahnoidalni prostor. Predstavljaju oko polovine svih intrakranijalnih tumora kod stanovništva Amerike. Meningealni tumori, meningeomi su najčešći tumori mozga, predstavljaju 1/3 svih intrakranijalnih tumora. To su spororastući tumori, vezani bazom za duru. Hemangiopericitomi su nemeningotelialni mezenhimalni tumori. Drugi najčešći extraaksijalni tumori su tumori kranijalnih živaca: švanomi i neurofibromi. Tumori hipofize, kraniofaringeomi, hordomi i tumori epifize, također, pripadaju ekstraaksijalnim tumorima. Poznavanje radiološke anatomije i anatomskih odnosa lezije su od izuzetnog značaja za postavljanje dijagnoze i planiranje tretmana. Magnetna rezonanca (MR) je „zlatni standard“ zbog svojih multiplanarnih i multiparametarskih mogućnosti, te tkivne karakterizacije. Kompjuterska tomografija (CT) omogućuje analizu kosti, te prisustvo kalcifikata unutar lezije, ali se koristi u onim slučajevima kod kojih je MRI pregled kontraindiciran. Prikazat ćemo MRI i CT karakteristike ekstraaksijalnih tumora mozga i njihov klinički značaj.

Cilj. Uporediti dozimetrijske parametre trodimenzionalne konformalne radioterapije (3DCRT) i volumetrijski modulirane lučne radioterapije (VMAT-RA) kod postoperativnog tretmana glioblastoma (GBM). Metode: Retrospektivno istraživanje uključilo je pacijente s dijagnozom GBM, liječene u periodu od septembra 2014. do januara 2017. u Centru za radioterapiju Banja Luka. Za svakog pacijenta pojedinačno urađena je simulacija kompjuteriziranom tomografijom (CT) i registracija postoperativne magnetne rezonance (MRI). Delineacija ciljnog volumena (PTV) i organa od rizika (OAR) urađena je prema registriranom MRI i ESTRO-ACROP preporukama. Tretman je proveden 3DCRT radioterapijom konkomitantno uz temozolomid. Naknadno je za svakog pacijenta urađen VMAT-RA plan s optimizacionim parametrima koji zadovoljavaju dozne limite OAR. Dodatne optimizacije nisu rađene, jer pacijenti nisu planirani da se zrače VMAT tehnikom. Kontrolnu grupu činili su 3DCRT planovi, a VMAT-RA eksperimentalnu grupu. Propisana je doza TD 54 – 60 Gy. Za obje tehnike zračenja su komparirani dozimetrijski parametri u dozno-volumnom histogramu (DVH). Shapiro-Wilk-ov test pokazao je asimetričnu distribuciju, značajnost razlika je utvrđena Wilcoxonovim testom predznaka rangova. Sve p vrijednosti manje od 0.05 smatrane su statistički značajnim. Rezultati: Pokrivenost dozom 98%, 95%, 50% i 2% volumena PTV tehnikom 3DCRT iznosila je 95.36±1.08, 96.88±0.88, 100.74±1.08 i 104.76±1.34, a za RA 96.53±0.86, 97.63±0.65, 100.05±0.15 i 102.47±0.55 redom, statistička značajnost p=0.007, 0.022, n.s i 0.005. Indeks homogenosti (HI) za 3DCRT je 0.09±0.02, za RA 0.06±0.01, p=0.005. Indeks konformalnosti (CI) za 3DCRT je 0.98±0.01, za RA 0,98±0,02, p=n.s. Doza na moždano stablo, ipsilateralni i kontralteralni optički nerv i hijazmu bila je nešto veća za RA, ali bez statističke značajnosti. Volumen mozga V50 bio je značajno manji kod RA. Zaključak: Primjena VMAT- RA tehnike bez dodatnih dozimetrijskih optimizacija u odnosu na 3DCRT rezultira boljom pokrivenosti PTV-a dozom i boljom homogenosti doze unutar PTV-a, ali bez značajne razlike u dozi koju primaju OAR.

Many scholars perceive price competitiveness as a highly relevant element of tourism competitiveness in improving tourism performance. We focused our research interest specifi cally to understand whether price competitiveness is an important policy instrument in attracting international tourists and their spending. Our empirical study focused on how price competitiveness behaves as a predictor of tourism performance in diff erent economic conditions and whether price competitiveness is a signifi cant cause of tourism competitiveness in improving tourism performance. For that purpose, we conducted empirical analysis within two stages: moderation analysis to understand how price competitiveness infl uences tourism performance from the point of view of inbound international tourism and how this relationship behaves in diff erent economic conditions; and mediation analysis to understand whether price competitiveness is relevant cause for tourist competitiveness in improving tourism performance. Th is study has revealed diff erent views about price competitiveness and its infl uence on the tourism industry. Th e fi ndings indicate that price competitiveness has rather limited eff ects on the outcomes of the tourism industry and is not a cause of overall tourism competitiveness in improving tourism performance.

Introduction. The aim of this study was to assess the buccal bone thickness in anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth and to provide information important during immediate implant placement. Material and Methods. The study included 245 cone-beam computed tomography scans. The buccal bone thickness was measured in the sagittal plane of the maxillary and mandibular anterior teeth at five points (M1 - M5) (2 mm apart), starting 2 mm from the cementoenamel junction in the coronal to apical position along the roots. Results. The lowest mean buccal bone thickness was observed at M1 point in all teeth in both jaws while the highest mean buccal bone thickness was observed at M4 (maxilla) and M5 (mandible). An increase of the buccal bone thickness was established at every subsequent measurement point perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth (p < 0.001). The buccal bone thickness was less than 1 mm in more than 60% of all teeth in the maxilla and mandible at all measurement points. A statistically significant difference in the thickness of the buccal bone in relation to the patients? age was found at all measurement points, except at M4 point of the anterior teeth of the maxilla (p = 0.456) and mandible (p = 0.109). Conclusion. The buccal bone thickness in anterior maxillary and mandibular teeth is less than 1 mm in more than 60% at all measurement points. The buccal bone thickness tends to increase from a coronal to apical position along the roots.

Introduction. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by pathologic microorganisms/periopathogens from oral biofilm. Standard periodontal therapy consists of scaling and root planing (SRP). Probiotics can be used as an adjunctive to standard periodontal therapy, since it is known that probiotics can modify pathogenic potential of biofilm by suppressing the colonization of periopathogens. The aim of this study was to assess the clinical effect of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus probiotic lozenges, probiotic mouthwash, as an adjuvant to SRP in the treatment of initial to moderate chronic periodontitis. Material and methods. Thirty patients with initial to moderate chronic periodontitis were recruited and monitored clinically at baseline (before SRP) and 60 days following SRP. All patients were randomly assigned to experimental group: SRP + probiotic (n = 15) and control group: SRP only (n = 15). The probiotic mouthwash was used twice a day for 60 days. Clinical parameters: the probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were measured at baseline and 60th day following SRP. Data were statistically analyzed using the one-way Anova test and SPSS 19 software (IMB Company, New York, U.S.). The Friedman and Mann Whitney tests were used as a post hoc test for intergroup analysis. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results. After 60 days of treatment, the clinical parameters PPD, CAL and BOP were significantly lower in both groups compared to the baseline. In the experimental group, the clinical parameters PPD, CAL and BOP were significantly reduced after 60 days of treatment compared to the initial measurements (p < 0.05). In the control group, statistically significant decrease after 60 days of treatment was recorded only for BOP parameter, while there was no statistically significant decrease of PPD and CAL values (p > 0.05). Conclusion. The results of the present study demonstrated clinical benefits of adjunctive use of probiotics to SRP in terms of pocket depth reduction in initial to moderate periodontal disease.

Cilj: Tumori mozga predstavljaju intrakranijalne neoplazme unutar samog moždanog parenhima ili centralnog spinalnog kanala. Dobno standardizirana stopa učestalosti ovih tumora bilježi globalan porast od 17,3% između 1990-2016, sa dobno standardiziranom stopom u 2016. od 4,63 na 100 000 osoba godišnje. Zbog brojnih specifičnosti, poput smještaja unutar kranijuma, dobi javljanja, načina rasta, diobe, istraživanje ove vrlo heterogene kategorije i interpretacija samih rezultata nije nimalo jednostavna. Pozadina: Od 1926.g. klasifikacija i terminologija tumora mozga se bazirala prije svega na ćelijskom tipu od koje je tumor nastao te stepenu njene diferencijacije. Od maja 2016. Svjetska zdravstvena organizacija je objavila novu reklasifikaciju tumora mozga koja integrira molekularnu osnovu i informaciju sa histologijom što obezbjeđuje tačniju dijagnozu, bolju prognozu i tretman pacijenta i odgovor na terapiju. U najvećem broju slučajeva, tumori mozga predstavljaju difuzne gliome, različitog histološkog gradusa i uglavnom nepovoljne prognoze zbog njihovog infiltrativnog rasta. Zaključak: Uprkos brojnim pomacima u istraživanju, poboljšanju razumijevanja tumorske biologije, genetskih interakcija, progresije, otkrića onkogenih puteva relativno je malo promjena u cjelokupnoj prognozi i terapijskim opcijama ovog tipa tumora.