<p>Aim:</p> <p>To assess the impact of cognitive impairments on various domains of quality of life in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS).</p> <p>Methods:</p> <p>This prospective study included 135 MS patients and 50 healthy controls. Participants were divided into three groups: patients with MS for more than one year (n=85), newly diagnosed MS patients (n=50), and healthy individuals (n=50). Neurocognitive assessments included the Mini-Mental State Examination, Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Revised Beta Test, Raven's Coloured Progressive Matrices, Wechsler Memory Scale, Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test, Verbal Fluency Test, Audio-Verbal Learning Test, and the SF-36 Quality of Life Scale.</p> <p>Results:</p> <p>Cognitive impairments were present in 40&ndash;60% of MS patients, with memory dysfunctions being the most prominent (30&ndash;60%). Longer disease duration was associated with poorer visuospatial, visuoconstructive, and attention-related abilities. Patients also showed reduced logical and working memory. Quality of life was significantly lower in MS groups compared to controls, with a notable correlation between cognitive impairment and decreased MMSE scores.</p> <p>Conclusion:</p> <p>Cognitive impairments in MS patients, particularly those affecting memory, executive functioning, and attention, significantly reduce quality of life. Cognitive testing should be considered essential in assessing disease severity and treatment planning.</p> <p style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph; line-height: 150%;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p>

Workplace behaviors and employee outcomes, such as team functioning, job satisfaction, and intentions to leave, are crucial for healthcare quality and safety. It highlights the substantial productivity, societal, and economic costs of worker well-being. Against this backdrop, this study examines how two dimensions of organizational culture: ethical climate and perceived managerial competence, together with team support, relate to job satisfaction and turnover intention among healthcare professionals. A quantitative, cross-sectional survey was conducted with 430 physicians, nurses, and other clinical staff in public and private institutions across the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Using established scales and structural equation modeling (SEM) in AMOS, we first verified satisfactory reliability and construct validity via exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. The structural model showed that ethical organizational culture and managerial competence are positively related to team support and, directly or indirectly, to higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intention. Team support was positively related to job satisfaction and negatively related to turnover intention and significantly mediated the effects of both ethical climate and managerial competence on these outcomes. In addition, job satisfaction was strongly and negatively correlated with turnover intention, underscoring its central role in retention.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, (auto) immune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). The aim of the study was to determine the distribution of cognitive disorders in MS in relation to demographic parameters, degree of clinical disability and depression. The prospective study included 135 subjects with MS in the Clinic of Neurology of the University Clinical Center in Tuzla. The first group consisted of women (101 respondents) and the second of men (34 respondents). Clinical assessment instruments were: Expanded Disability Status Scale Score, Mini Mental Status, Beck Depression Scale, Battery of Cognitive Function Assessment Tests: Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Revised Beta Test, Raven Coloured Progressive Matrix, Wechsler Memory Verification Scale, Audio Memory Test learning, Rey-Osterriecht complex character test, verbal fluency test. There were no significant differences between the mentioned groups in age, level of education, duration of the disease, severity of disease symptoms or in the prevalence of certain forms of MS. Cognitive disorders are present in 40-60 % of subjects with MS. Visuospatial, visuoconstructive, visuoperceptive functions, mnestic functions were most affected in both groups of respondents. There was no difference in the level of depression in relation to sex. Poor results of cognitive parameters in 32.7 % can be considered the cause of high scores of EDSS in female patients and in 29.2 % in patients, which is not statistically significant. The correlation between depression and EDSS is positive but not statistically significant in both sexes. Cognitive disorders are heterogeneous regardless of sex. Cognitive impairment in MS patients is related to impairment of working ability and memory, executive functions and attention. Subjects with a more severe degree of clinical disability had poorer cognitive functions.

Background: Sleep is a complex process involving the interactions of several brain regions, which play a key role in regulating the sleep process, particularly the brainstem, thalamus, and anterior basal brain regions. The process of sleep is accompanied by a change in body functions, as well as a change in cerebral electrical activity, which is under the control of the autonomic nervous system. Objective: The aim of the study was to analyze the frequency of stroke recurrence and disability of patients with stroke and apnea. Methods: It was analyzed 110 acute stroke patients with sleep apnea. All patients were evaluated with: Glasgow scale, The American National Institutes of Health Scale Assessment, Mini Mental Test, The Sleep and snoring Questionnaire Test, The Berlin Questionnaire Test, The Epworth Sleepiness Scale, The Stanford Sleepiness Scale, and The general sleep questionnaire. Results: The largest number of patients with apnea on admission had a degree of disability of 4, and on discharge of 1. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean values of incapacity for admission and discharge. The student’s t - test did not determine a statistically significant difference in disability according to the Rankin scale between patients with and without apnea at admission (t = 0.059, p = 0.95) and discharge (t = 0.71, p = 0.48). According to the NIHS scale, patients of both sexes with apnea had a neurological deficit of 7.55 ± 5.22 on admission and 7.1 ± 4.3 without apnea. Statistically significant difference was not found on the neurological deficit of both sexes, with and without apnea, at admission and discharge. With apnea, there were 13 relapses of stroke during one year, and without apnea in only 3 patients. Conclusion: Patients with acute stroke have a significantly higher correlation rate according to sleep apnea. There is no significant correlation in the degree of disability between patients with and without apnea.

We have read with great attention the article "Coagulopathy in COVID-19" written by Toshiaki Iba et al. (Authors), published in the September issue of Journal (1). The Authors performed an effective and informative review. Nevertheless, we welcome the opportunity to make a short comment as well. This very interesting article evaluates current literature regarding harmful hypercoagulable milieu of COVID-19. Surprisingly, we can not see that the Authors recommended other diagnostic considerations such a checking for hyperhomocysteinemia in patients with COVID-19. Undoubtedly, hyperhomocysteinemia has neurotoxic, neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, prooxidative, as well as proatherogenic/ prothrombotic effects.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, (auto) immune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Quality of life (QoL) refers to the perception of an individual’s life in the context of the system of culture and values in which they live. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the distribution of cognitive disorders in people with MS. Methods: The prospective study included 135 participants with MS and 50 healthy participants. Participants were divided into three groups: the first group consisted of 85 participants where the disease lasted longer than one year, the second group consisted of 50 participants with newly diagnosed MS, the third group consisted of 50 healthy participants. The instruments of clinical assessment were: Extended Disability Score in Multiple Sclerosis Patients, Mini Mental Status, Beck Depression Scale, and Quality of Life Scale (SF-36, Contemporary Health Survey). Results: The quality of life related to health is impaired in the physical, mental dimension and overall quality of life. In the first group of participants, 62% had mild depression, and in the second group 38% of participants, while more severe forms were recorded in 16% of participants in both groups. As depression increases, the quality of life decreases in all measured dimensions, which would mean that depression negatively affects the quality of life. The results of all dimensions as well as the overall quality of life score are worse with the increase in the degree of clinical disability, for both groups of study patients. Conclusion: Quality of life is impaired in MS patients, and a higher degree of clinical disability and an increase in depressive disorder are predictors of deteriorating quality of life in MS patients.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, inflammatory, (auto) immune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Cognitive disorders are found in over 50% of patients. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the distribution of cognitive disorders in people with MS. Methods: The prospective study included 135 respondents with MS and 50 healthy respondents. The respondents were divided into three groups: the first group consisted of 85 respondents where the disease lasted longer than one year, the second group consisted of 50 respondents with newly diagnosed MS, the third group consisted of 50 healthy respondents. Clinical assessment instruments were: Extended Disability Score in Multiple Sclerosis Patients, Mini Mental Status, Battery of Tests to Assess Cognitive Functions: Wechsler Intelligence Scale, Revised Beta Test, Raven Colored Progressive Matrices, Wechsler Memory Scale, Rey Audio Verbal Learning Test -Osterriecht’s complex character test, verbal fluency test. Results: Cognitive disorders were present in 40-60% of respondents with MS. Visuospatial, visuoconstructive and visuoperceptive functions are worse in the first group. Mnestic functions (learning process, short-term and long-term memory, recollection, verbal-logical memory) were most affected in both groups of respondents, ranging from 30-60%. Poorer cognitive domains are in the first groups of respondents. Immediate working process memory (current learning), memory, attention, short-term and logical memory is worse in the examinees of the first group. At the beginning of the disease, 16% had verbal fluency difficulties, and as the disease progresses, the difficulties become more pronounced. Conclusion: Cognitive disorders are heterogeneous, they can be noticed in the early stages of the disease. They refer to impairments of working memory, executive functions and attention, while global intellectual efficiency is later reduced.