Nitrogen oxides play a major role in atmospheric chemistry, like primary pollutants, in the formation of secondary air pollutants or greenhouse gases (GHGs). This research study was conducted in the Western Pannonian sub-region of Croatia with the aim to determine the suitability of our internally developed passive sampler and static chamber method for N-NO2 concentration measurement. The aim was also to determine the impact of mineral soil fertilization on the N-NO2 flux during triticale vegetation. The research showed that the method used was suitable. Average daily N-NO2 flux ranged from 2.78 to 5.09 mg ha−1 day−1 depending on phenophase and treatment. Statistically significant differences in N-NO2 flux between two monitored treatments (300 kg N ha−1 and 0 kg N ha−1) were not observed, nor between two investigated phenophases.

Cardiovascular medicine is an area of clinical practice with a continually rapid expansion of knowledge, guidelines, best practices and new technology in adult cardiovascular medicine as well as in paediatric cardiology medicine. Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality in the world and cause major costs for the health sector and economy. Cardiovascular imaging indices have a significant impact on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiac diseases. Advanced imaging technologies have dramatically improved our ability to detect and treat cardiovascular disease at an early stage. Multimodality imaging techniques - echocardiogram, cardiac computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, simulation 3D models, artificial intelligence - are being used more frequently as their utility is better appreciated. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) exerts an unprecedented global impact on public health and health care delivery. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) causing COVID-19 has reached pandemic levels since March 2020. Patients with cardiovascular (CV) risk factors and established CVD represent a vulnerable population when suffering from COVID-19, and have an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Severe COVID-19 infection is associated with myocardial damage and cardiac arrhythmia. Diagnostic workup during SARS infection revealed electrocardiographic changes, sub-clinical left ventricular (LV) diastolic impairment and troponin elevation. All professionals in cardiovascular medicine, as a part of lifelong learning process, have the continuous imperative in reviewing novelties, with results data from numerous researches in order to treat all patients according to best practices and evidence-based medicine, especially on this journey through corona pandemic.

Modern use of drugs in the treatment of diseases of children and newborns is increasingly based on off-label use of drugs. The lack of adequate formulations for the pediatric population, the lack of appropriate therapeutic parallels for the treatment of children's diseases and the small number of clinical trials involving the pediatric population have contributed to the mass use of these drugs. The use of these drugs implies extrapolation of doses and indications registered for adults to children, although it is known that the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of children and adults differ significantly. In the past two decades, many legislative and regulatory initiatives have been taken around the world to improve the use of drugs in children. However, children are still prescribed off-label and unlicensed drugs. The aim of this study was to present a review of the literature in which off-label and unlicensed use in the pediatric population was investigated. Literature was searched through the Google Scholar and Pub Med search engines and using the keywords off label drug, pediatric medicine, use in pediatrics, in the period from May to August 2019. Selected and presented in this article are studies published in the period from 1996 to 2015, which as a subject of research had the use of off-label and unlicensed drugs in the pediatric population. Medicines prescribed for children should be registered for use in the pediatric population and used in accordance with approved indications for children, whenever possible. It is necessary to take measures for more rational use of medicines in pediatrics, which include the collaboration of health workers in order to provide medicines for children that are proven to be effective, high quality and safe to use.

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Abstract – Modern Bosnia and Herzegovina is a state consisting of multiple ethnicities and regions located in the Western Balkan, with a very complex history. The earliest historical findings show that its area was inhabited since the Paleolithic. From that time, this part of Europe, especially the region of the Modern Bosnia and Herzegovina, could be recognized as the crossroad for the different human migration and the meeting point for different cultures, religions and gene pools. Mitochondrial DNA is being used for maternal lineage testing, while the Y chromosome is being used for paternal lineage testing. Therefore, these markers are being referred to as lineage markers. Lineage markers are often used for parental lineage monitoring in population genetics, human genetics, as well as in forensic genetics. The main intention of this paper is to construct a short overview of the Y chromosome studies performed in Bosnia and Herzegovina within the last two decades.

The aim of this research is to determine the differences between the aerobic functional abilities of football players from different positions in the team, which should serve as a starting point in planning and monitoring the training process of football players. VO2max, as a basic parameter of functional abilities, was obtained by applying a laboratory progressive test on the treadmill. The sample of respondents was composed of 57 respondents (GOD = 22.47 ± 3.78SD), football players of clubs competing in the first and second leagues of Serbia from the area of Vojvodina, of which 8 goalkeepers, 16 defensive, 17 midfielders and 16 attackers. To test the functional capabilities (oxygen consumption - VOmax), we used a test of progressive continuous load on the treadmill with increasing load per minute through a "breath-by-breath" gas analyzer (Quark PFT ErgoCPET, Cosmed, Italy), which gave data on ventilation and spiroergometric parameters of the subjects by different positions in the team. Anthropometric measures of body weight- (TM) and body height- (TV) were applied to test the morphological characteristics of the subjects. SPSS 20.0 software package was used for data processing. In order to determine the statistically significant differences of the measured variables between football players by positions, a one-factor anova of different groups, the level of statistical significance (p <0.05) was used. The obtained results of maximum oxygen consumption indicated that there is a statistically significant difference in aerobic abilities between goalkeepers and players in other positions, and they are certainly a consequence of the physiological requirements placed before them and the different training process. The highest mean value of VO2 max had midfielders (53.3 ± 1.9 ml / kg / min), followed by attackers (52.9 ± 4.4 ml / kg / min), defensive players (51.8 ± 3, 3 ml / kg / min) while the lowest values were recorded in the goalkeeper (50.5 ± 1.8 ml / kg / min). There is a logical conclusion that the need for running midfielders is the greatest, and the goalkeeper the least, and that the results are the result of training processes and different requirements for individual positions in the team.

Herein the idea of leveraging Raspberry Pi as a server for the integration of an incipient network management protocol, the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF), within IoT systems based on YANG is presented. The practical realization of this idea requires the implementation of the NETCONF protocol together with REpresentational State Transfer web services (RESTful). Such an interesting and innovative practical realization like this opens new additional possibilities in domotics systems and these possibilities will be discussed in this paper.

Filtering of unwanted frequencies represents the main aspect of digital signal processing (DSP) in any modern communication system. The main role of the filter is to perform attenuation of certain frequencies and pass only frequencies of interest. In a DSP system, sampled or discrete-time signals are processed by digital filters using different mathematical operations. Digital filters are commonly categorized as Finite Impulse Response (FIR) and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR). This research focuses on the full VHDL implementation of digital second-order lowpass IIR filter for reducing the noisy frequencies on the FPGA board. The initial step is to determine, from continuous time domain function, the transfer function in the complex {s} domain, then map transfer function in complex {z} domain and finally calculate the difference equation in discrete-time domain of the system with adequate coefficients. Prior to the FPGA implementation, the IIR filter is tested in MATLAB using a signal with mixed frequencies and signal with randomly generated noise. The digital implementation is completed by using fixed-point binary vectors and clocked processes.

This study seeks to test the existence of the crowding-out (orin) hypothesis in a sample of 17 Emerging Europe countries divided in two panels. The study employs a panel autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model based on three estimators, Mean Group Estimator (MG), Pooled Mean Group (PMG) and Dynamic Fixed Effect (DFE), in order to evaluate the of stability of short run and long run coefficients using consistently compiled public borrowing and private investment data between 2000 and 2019. The empirical findings of the paper generally confirm the existence of a crowding out effect in both long run and short run in European post-transition countries, and in the long run for European transition countries. More specifically, elasticity of private investment with respect to public debt is greater in the European transition countries than in the European post-transition countries. However, the findings on the crowding out (in) effect of government spending and economic growth on private investment are mixed and conflicting in both the long run and the short run. Accordingly, the study recommends that selected countries should reassess their austerity agendas employed for lowering debt levels, and follow new strategies for managing public debt burden.

Despite many efforts to diagnose and treat preventable cardiovascular diseases (CVD), more specifically to detect known risk factors, these diseases continue to be the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs among the high-risk countries with standardized death rate (SDR) of 385 per 100 000 inhabitants in 2018. Two leading causes of death are acute myocardial infraction, with rate around 90 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants and stroke with the rate around 80 deaths per 100 000 inhabitants in one year. Both incidents are preventable. Digital interventions are necessary for strengthening of the healthcare system. Benefits of eHealth could be seen in transmission of customized health information for different audiences: transmission of health-event alerts to a specified population group; transmission of health information based on health status or demographics; alerts and reminders to clients; transmission of diagnostic results (or of the availability of results) or even notifications and reminders for appointments, medication adherence, or follow-up services. Successful implementation of digital health requires multidisciplinary approaches, from mass dissemination of recommendations through public health education programs directly in the field, to clinical treatments for patients. All this requires the involvement of numerous actors, from the strategic to the operational level of management within the healthcare system in the country.