A practical method is presented for determining root and pole cancellation functions of a matrix function $Q(z)$ meromorphic on the extended complex plane $\bar{\mathbb{C}}:=\mathbb{C} \cup \left\{ \infty \right\}$. This method is applied to solve a nonlinear system of $n\in \mathbb{N}$ differential equations of order $l\in \mathbb{N}$ with $n $ unknown functions $u_{i}\left( t \right)$, where $i=1,\, \mathellipsis ,\,n $. For a function $Q\in \mathcal{N}_{\kappa}(\mathcal{H}) ,\, \kappa \in \mathbb{N} \cup \lbrace 0 \rbrace$, posesing a pole at infinity of order $m \in \mathbb{N}$, the following factorization is establish \[ Q(z)=(z-\beta)^{m}\tilde{Q}(z), \, z\in \mathcal{D}(Q), \] where $\beta \in \mathbb{R}$ is a regular point of $Q$, and $\tilde{Q}\in \mathcal{N}_{\kappa'}(\mathcal{H})$ is holomotphic at $\infty$. Unlike the Krein-Langer representation of $Q$, which involves a linear relation $A$, this representation employs a bounded operator $\tilde{A}$ in the Krein-Langer representation of $\tilde{Q}$. The operator $\tilde{A}$ and the relation $A$ have identical spectra, except at $\beta$ and $\infty$. We demonstrate how to obtain this representation for a given meromorphic function $Q\in \mathcal{N}_{\kappa}^{n \times n}$ using the root functions developed in this work.

In the last ten years, there has been a drastic increase in the number of overnight stays and tourism revenues in the area of ​​the city of East Sarajevo, which was largely related to significant investments in the Jahorina Tourist Centre. This has increased the need to monitor the effects of tourism development in this destination in order to better manage this development. This paper presents the results of a survey of the attitudes of citizens of East Sarajevo, obtained using the European Tourism Indicator System (ETIS). To our knowledge, this is the first application of this tool in BiH. The results obtained show that the attitudes of citizens correlate with statistical data that tourism in this destination is most developed in winter, then summer, while it is far less developed in autumn and spring. The vast majority of citizens believe that tourism benefits their community, but also that they do not personally benefit from tourism. Approximately equal numbers of citizens are satisfied and dissatisfied with their participation in tourism planning and development activities. About ¾ of the population believes that tourism has a positive impact on local identity, while about 2/3 believe that tourism has a positive impact on the quality of life of citizens. The authors point to the fact that the research will have its full value only if it continues to be carried out periodically, and if the development planners of the relevant destination use it when making their decisions. Also, citizens’ views are only one aspect of the research, while for quality destination management it is necessary to know the views of other stakeholders (tourism workers, tourists, authorities).

OBJECTIVES Brain tumor-related epilepsy management poses significant challenge in clinical practice. Healthcare providers must tailor treatment based on each patient's unique circumstances. Different antiepileptic drugs can be used, including oxcarbazepine. Several studies show this drug's efficacy and safety in brain tumor-related epilepsy. METHODS Observational, prospective study, monitoring the efficacy and safety of the drug oxcarbazepine in the prevention of epileptic seizures, included adult patients of both sexes with a supratentorial tumor and a risk of epileptic seizures after neurosurgery. RESULTS The study included 153 hospitalized patients. The percentages of amplified waves, sharp waves, and spike waves decreased in the second and third compared with the first visit. Significantly lower percentages of sharp waves (P = 0.028) on the second compared with the first measurement and spike waves (P = 0.002) on the third compared with the first measurement were determined. Deterioration from normal to low hemoglobin concentration was observed in 40 (26%) patients at the second visit and 17 (12%) at the third visit, compared with the first visit. However, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values did not change significantly during the 6 months of follow-up. A transient drop in the number of thrombocytes was observed on the second visit. Adverse reactions to the drug were mild. Therapeutic adherence was low, as measured by the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4). CONCLUSIONS The drug oxcarbazepine has shown good efficacy and safety in the prevention of epileptic attacks after neurosurgery in patients with supratentorial tumors. Additional education of patients on the importance of taking regular therapy is crucial.

PurposeThis study aims to assess the extent to which the constructs of theory of planned behavior drive the social entrepreneurial intention (SEI) of the youth and provide a nuanced understanding of the role of prosocial behavior in shaping this intention.Design/methodology/approachA questionnaire was used to collect data with a sample size of 690 students, regarded as youth, across higher education institutions in Oman. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0 and partial least squares structural equation modeling.FindingsThe results of the preliminary analysis confirmed that subjective norms toward social entrepreneurship (SE) and perceived behavioral control over SE were generally regarded as factors strongly associated with SEI. However, attitude toward SE did not affect the intention of the youth differently in this measure. Moreover, a positive correlation was found between prosocial behavior and SEI. Other results and implications were discussed.Originality/valueThe proposed SEI model sheds light on the possible influence of the prosocial behavior construct on the youth’s intention to be engaged in SE. The findings may help governments, policymakers and decision makers to promote positive youth development in three domains: education, labor market and community.

Children and youth have predominantly shifted social activities into the digital sphere, leading to the consistent prevalence of digital technologies in the classroom. Besides numerous benefits, it also brought challenges, such as (cyber)bullying. Many teachers may approach the issue of cyberbullying with reservations, either because they do not view it as a serious problem or believe that they should not play a role in its resolution. Therefore, it is crucial to provide teachers and librarians with professional development on the challenges and risks of cyberbullying among pupils. Using quantitative method, this paper examines the competencies and experiences of teachers and librarians in Bosnia and Herzegovina in addressing the issue of cyberbullying among pupils. The importance of ongoing professional development and the availability of education in recognising risky behaviours of pupils online is particularly emphasised. The data indicates that, despite their engagement in lifelong learning, teachers and librarians require systematic and continuous training to understand and respond promptly to emerging digital risks involving children.

Background: The process of prenatal hematopoiesis occurs in various anatomical locations, including the placenta. The placenta is not merely a temporary hematopoietic reservoir, but it is one of the key sites for the synthesis of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). This study aimed to investigate the presence, distribution, and immunoprofiles of HSCs in the human placenta during different gestational periods. Materials and Methods: Placental samples of different gestational ages (first, second, and third trimesters) were analyzed using classical hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemical staining for CD34, CD117, and CD41 markers, with HSC quantification through numerical areal density (NA). Results: Highly immunoreactive CD34 HSCs were present in placentas throughout gestation, while highly immunoreactive CD117 and CD41 HSCs were observed during the first two trimesters. In the first trimester, HSCs were found within the lumen of blood vessels and as individual cells in the mesenchyme of chorionic villi. With advancing gestation, the number of HSCs in the mesenchyme of chorionic villi increased. Conclusions: Immunoreactive CD34, CD117, and CD41 cells are present in significant proportions in various parts of the placenta throughout gestation, indicating that the placenta provides a substantial proportion of HSCs for hematopoiesis.

Above-threshold detachment of electrons from negative ions by a strong low-frequency elliptically polarized laser field is considered using the strong-field approximation. The detachment probability amplitude is expressed via integral over times of highly oscillatory functions. Particular attention is devoted to application of the asymptotic methods to solve these integrals. For the direct detachment only the integral over the detachment time appears, while for the high-order above-threshold detachment the double integral over the detachment and rescattering times should be solved. Depending on the ellipticity of the laser field, a critical photoelectron energy exists for which the standard saddle-point method fails. The problem can be solved by properly deforming the integration contour in the complex time plane and, for energies higher than this critical energy, taking into account only one of the two saddle-point solutions. However, this procedure still leaves a spike in the photoelectron spectrum near this critical energy. This problem is cured applying the uniform approximation. A formula for the transition amplitude in the uniform approximation is derived, and it is shown how this formula should be modified for the energies higher than the critical one. For high-order above-threshold detachment many more saddle-point solutions contribute. They are classified into pairs. For the saddle-point method each pair produces a spike in the spectrum which spoils the total spectrum. When the contribution of each pair is treated using the uniform approximation with a careful choice of the phase factors after the anti-Stokes transition the agreement with the exact numerical results becomes excellent. Published by the American Physical Society 2025

This study proposes a sustainable multi-criteria optimization framework for the energy retrofit of collective residential buildings in Algeria, particularly those constructed between the 1970s and 1980s. Through on-site surveys, energy consumption analysis, and seasonal temperature measurements, the high energy demand of these buildings was confirmed. Using EnergyPlus simulations based on Meteoblue weather data, 16 retrofit strategies were assessed—incorporating various insulating materials applied internally or externally (via rendering or cladding). The ELECTRE III decision-making tool was employed, supported by the Simos Revised Framework (SRF) for weighting environmental, economic, and social criteria. Results demonstrate that all strategies significantly reduce energy demand—by up to 72.5%, with reductions reaching 94.4% in winter and 43.5% in summer, depending on insulation type and placement. Improvements in indoor thermal comfort were also observed, with exterior insulation beneath cladding offering the best performance during winter, while exterior rendering also proved effective in the summer. The ELECTRE III analysis identified rock wool and polyurethane with fiber cement cladding as optimal insulation solutions. The proposed approach supports national energy policies and aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), offering a replicable model for large-scale building retrofits in similar climatic and architectural contexts.

This paper proposes a novel approach to the virtual 3D modeling of articulated mechanisms. It follows the widespread use of XML (eXtensible Markup Language) for various applications and defines a version of XML that is specially designed for the description of 3D geometric models of articulated bodies. In addition, it shows how the 3D geometric model of a mechanism can be gradually developed through the use of suitably defined elements and stored in a corresponding XML file. The developed XML model is processed, and using a powerful VTK (Visualization Toolkit) library, the corresponding virtual model is built and shown on the computer screen. To drive the virtual model, the dynamic model of the mechanism is developed using Bond Graph modeling techniques. Virtual 3D geometric and dynamic models are created using the corresponding software packages: BonSim3D 2023 Visual and BondSim 2023. The models are interconnected by a two-way named pipe. During the simulation of the dynamic model, the parameters necessary to drive the virtual model (e.g., the joint displacements) are collected and sent to the virtual model over the pipe. When the virtual model receives a package, the computer screen is updated by showing the new state of the mechanism. The approach is demonstrated using the example of a holonomic omnidirectional mobile robot.

The present paper illustrates and discusses decisions made by the translator when rendering the texture and the taste of Bosnian-Herzegovinian traditional drinks into English, as described in The Bosnian Cuisine (2016), which, apart from collected recipes, contains excerpts from travelogues and literary works. In the paper, I refer to the adjective and the noun phrase equivalence or the lack of equivalence thereof in the English language, whereas special attention is given to using footnotes and brackets in translation, as well as to the negotiation process between the translator and the proofreader whose L1 is English. Based on corpus analysis, it can be concluded that the majority of decisions made regarding the nouns denoting traditional dishes were made to preserve the original names and to resort to footnotes and/or bracketing in order to render the reading experience and sensory modalities more accessible to readers, bearing in mind that they may not have tasted or seen the drinks mentioned, but also taking into consideration the wider socio-cultural context.