Regular curriculum modifications and the shift from a teacher-centered to a learner-centered paradigm in educational institutions are meant to enhance the teaching-learning process and fulfill learners' needs as successfully as possible. This study aimed to examine learners' attitudes towards learning English, their needs/wants, learning preferences, strategies, and lesson topics. Moreover, it also investigated the differences in learning preferences based on grade level.  The data were gathered from a survey administrated to 200 elementary school students in Central Bosnia and Herzegovina. The findings illustrated that the participants generally have a positive attitude towards learning English with more significant extrinsic reasons motivating them to learn it. Regarding students' needs, the analysis revealed that overall, students found writing the most challenging and speaking the most desirable language skill. Furthermore, the majority of the participants reported that they like to learn by reading texts or stories, finding the discussion in the classroom the most annoying classroom activity. While learning vocabulary by translating new words is regarded as the most beneficial method, doing written exercises at school presents the most significant way of acquiring grammar. Moreover, the study identified a significant influence of a grade level on the preferred ways of learning English.

Argumentation or reasoning is the part of rhetorical activities in which the subjects of speech make statements that support their basic thesis, or do everything to convince listeners of the truth of their own, and the falsity of the claims of others. This is done in principle in order to convince certain subjects and thus direct their actions as the speaker arguing the claims wants. By this we mean that argumentation is a means, mechanism, or art of influencing human thought and behavior. This paper deals with this issue. The paper will systematically present the importance of argumentation for legal rhetoric. First of all, special attention will be paid to some basic concepts and clarification of the terms argument and argumentation. Then we will turn to the question of the theory of argumentation, where the author of the paper will present some of his views on these issues, and in connection with legal rhetoric. There will be a discussion on the importance of argumentation of the mind in oratory, and show what the power of arguments is in legal rhetoric through the example of judicial oratory. People use rhetoric on a daily basis and give reasons that go in their favor, that is, contrary to the claims of others. This is almost the rule in everyday speech. This issue is particularly important in the field of law. As the type and manner of presenting arguments (but also argumentation errors) can significantly affect the outcome of a certain legal situation, we therefore consider it of great importance to study argumentation in legal rhetoric. I believe that this work will contribute at least a little in this field.

The objective of this study was to determine and compare the antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinical Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (n = 90) and Staphylococcus aureus (n = 61) isolates from different animal species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Among S. pseudintermedius isolates from dogs (n = 86), resistance to penicillin (87.2%) was most common followed by amoxicillin (76.7%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (67.4%). A total of 25 isolates were found to be resistant to oxacillin of which 21 were mecA-positive and multidrug resistant (MDR). The most frequent MDR pattern was penicillins-lincosamides-cephalosporins-macrolides-fluoroquinolones. Among the 61 methicillin-susceptible S. pseudintermedius isolates, 18 were MDR (penicillins-lincosamides-macrolides). Most of S. aureus isolates were resistant to penicillin (50.8%), followed by amoxicillin (41%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (31%). Resistance to cefoxitin was detected in only two isolates. All S. aureus isolates were mecA and mecC-negative. MDR was observed in six S. aureus isolates of which five were from cattle (penicillins-lincosamides-fluoroquinolones). Isolates from red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were sensitive to most of the antimicrobials tested. The high number of methicillin-resistant S. pseudintermedius and MDR isolates in dogs exposed in this study underlines the urgent need for establishment of national antimicrobial resistance surveillance program in animals in the country, as well as for the surveillance of veterinary antimicrobial consumption.

OBJECTIVE Patients and medical professionals have a common misconception that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) predominantly affect men, which can lead to less prescribing of cardiovascular drugs to women. This study examined whether there were sex differences in the administration of cardiovascular (CV) drugs in patients admitted to the intensive care unit of the Internal Medicine Clinic of Foča University Hospital (ICFUH). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study comprised 332 patients hospitalized at the ICFUH from January 1st to June 30th, 2019. The following data on leading CVD and risks related to CV drug administration were collected: age, hyperlipidemia (HLD), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic kidney disease (CKD), liver disease (LD), heart failure (HF), hypertension (HTN), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke (S). The amount of the CV drugs of interest (statins, antiplatelet drugs, calcium channel blockers, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, diuretics) administered during hospitalization was expressed as the Defined Daily Dose (DDD)/100 bed-days (BD) for patients of both sexes separately. RESULTS During hospitalization in the intensive care unit of ICFUH, female patients were less likely to be treated with statins than male patients (30.1 vs. 57.5 DDD/100 BD, P<0.05). There was no difference between sexes regarding the use of antihypertensive drugs. Women were less likely to be treated by antiplatelet therapy, more precisely by acetylsalicylic acid (30.4 vs. 36.9 DDD/100 BD, P<0.05). CONCLUSION Our study indicates that there were sex differences in CV drug administration in ICFUH. Presuming that drugs used during hospitalization were at least partially a continuation of the previous therapy prescribed by the family doctor, it is possible that such differences exist in primary care.

Background: More than 50% of stroke patients have sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), mostly in the form of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). SDB represents both a risk factor and a consequence of stroke. The presence of SDB has been linked with the poorer long-term outcome and increased long-term stroke mortality. About 20 to 40% of stroke patients have sleep-wake disorders (SWD), mostly in form of insomnia, excessive daytime sleepiness/fatigue, or hypersomnia (increased sleep needs). Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of risk factors in patients with acute stroke and sleep apnea. Methods: The study included patients without cognitive impairment or with mild cognitive impairment. The diagnosis of apnea syndrome was made on the basis of the Snoring and Apnea Syndrome Questionnaire, the Epworth Sleep Scale, the Berlin Questionnaire, the Stanford Sleepiness Scale, and the General Sleep Questionnaire. The severity of stroke was assessed by the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale and the Rankin Disability Scale. Patients with a Glasgow score <8 on the day of neuropsychiatric examination were excluded from the study, as well as patients with epileptic seizures at the onset of stroke, with aphasia, with Mini - mental test <23, with verified previous dementia / cognitive impairment. Results: There is no statistically significant difference in the age of men and women, both with apnea and without apnea. In patients with apnea, heart disease was in the first place 91.8%, followed by hypertension 86.4%, Body mass index 79.1%, hyperlipidemia 50%, smoking 38.2 % and diabetes mellitus 20.9%. Hypertension was the most common risk factor in patients without apnea 83.6%, followed by heart disease 81.0%, Body mass index 60.9%, hyperlipidemia 48.21%, smoking 28.2 % and diabetes mellitus 20%. Conclusion: Heart diseases, hypertension and body mass index are significantly more frequent in patients with than in patients without sleep apnea.

Abstract The paper describes the function and importance of safety devices on pressure equipment, legal regulations for the necessary scope and periods of functional inspections of safety valves in thermal power plants. The mode of operation of the apparatus for in-site testing and adjustment of safety valves on pressure vessels is described, as well as a comparative presentation of the obtained test results compared to the results obtained by the conventional method that uses hydraulic pressure of the medium for valve spring load. The on-site method uses a motor drive to load the valve spring, and uses sensitive displacement, force and sound sensors to generate signals, which are processed in a suitable software application to obtain test results. Unlike the conventional method, the on-site method allows testing of safety valves without their disassembly from the installation site. A comparison of the test results obtained by the modern method with the test results by the conventional method was made on several safety valves. It has been shown that in addition to better precision, which is important for valves with lower operating pressures, the application of the on-site method shortens the test time several times.

Background: The new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 caused a pandemic that threatened all aspects of life and health while worsening the socio-economic situation of the entire population. COVID-19 affects all organs and organ systems. The symptoms of the affected organs can last for a long time after the acute infection. About 1/3 of patients develop neuropsychiatric signs in the clinical course of the disease. The most common symptoms are mental fog, headache, cognitive changes, behavior changes, muscle weakness, anosmia and ageusia. These symptoms may develop due to a direct effect of the virus on the neurons or hyper reactive immune response. Objective: The aim of this article is to describe 2 young adults who developed neuropsychiatric symptoms in the course of Long COVID-19 syndrome. Ischemic vasculitis was proved using CT imaging. Case report: We collected data of two younger females who had previously recovered from the acute form of COVID-19 without respiratory complications. They developed in the next 1-2 months a clinical picture of a brain disorder. In both cases, CT and angiography scans of the brain showed signs of ischemic vasculitis. Neurological therapy has led to an improvement of the neuropsychiatric symptoms. Conclusion: Neuropsychiatric disorders in Long Covid syndrome are common and diverse. Two cases of young adults who developed signs of neurological disorder in the post COVID-19 period were presented, and CT scans of the brain showed signs of ischemic vasculitis.

Various trials have investigated the effects of multidomain lifestyle interventions on cognitive decline, but with limited clinical benefit. This could be due to these trials targeting older individuals with elevated cardiovascular risk factors, who often already qualify for preventive intervention. We aimed to determine clinical implications of trials by application of trial eligibility criteria and prognosis to the general population.

A synoptic overview of scientific methods applied in bone and associated research fields across species has yet to be published. Experts from the EU Cost Action GEMSTONE (“GEnomics of MusculoSkeletal Traits translational Network”) Working Group 2 present an overview of the routine techniques as well as clinical and research approaches employed to characterize bone phenotypes in humans and selected animal models (mice and zebrafish) of health and disease. The goal is consolidation of knowledge and a map for future research. This expert paper provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art technologies to investigate bone properties in humans and animals – including their strengths and weaknesses. New research methodologies are outlined and future strategies are discussed to combine phenotypic with rapidly developing –omics data in order to advance musculoskeletal research and move towards “personalised medicine”.

The sense of sight plays a very important role in the life of every individual, since we receive most of the information from the environment with the help of sight. Visually impaired children have difficulty receiving information from the world around them. Lack of visual experience can negatively affect their development. Timely examinations and assessments will indicate the occurrence of various neurological disorders in children, if any are present. A very common cause of neurological disorders is perinatal brain damage. Children with perinatal brain damage often have difficulties in visual functioning and it is therefore very important to assess functional vision in these children. If there are any neurodevelopmental disorders in the child, it is important to start vision rehabilitation as soon as possible, in order to effectively influence the improvement of visual functions. Keywords: functional vision, perinatal brain damage, early vision rehabilitation.

Abstract The primary purpose of this work is to provide an overview and comparative analysis of various Information System Audit Quality measures, as well as to test the validity of the chosen measurement scale empirically. In this regard, a thorough literature study was undertaken, followed by primary empirical research, and the reliability and validity of the measurement scale were tested. Based on the identified papers, a questionnaire was created and evaluated by a panel of experts. Following that, data was collected from respondents who were either managers inside the organizational unit responsible for information technology or those designated as adequate by the heads of IT departments.

The review outlines the importance of understanding speech and language difficulties that occur among the first symptoms of frontotemporal dementia, as well as the role of speech therapists in the management of people with frontotemporal dementia. Frontotemporal dementia is one of the most common types of dementia in adults under the age of 65. The main variations of frontotemporal dementia are behavioral, progressive nonfluent aphasia, semantic dementia, and logopenic progressive aphasia. Speech and language difficulties are often among the first indicative signs of frontotemporal dementia, and their proper recognition and understanding play a significant role in the differential diagnosis. Speech and language therapists have to be involved both in the diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia and its treatment to provide the highest quality services to people with dementia and their carers.

Abstract Background: In a contemporary fast-changing world, companies are facing growing global competition, volatile markets, altered workforce structure, and another technological reshifting, which generates enormous pressure on them to improve their business performance and imposes the necessity to highlight practices of talent management more seriously. Objectives: In this study we explore interrelations between attraction/work motivational factors and talent retention, observed through talent engagement. Methods/Approach: The methodology in this research focuses on the comprehensive resource-based view and encompasses quantitative analysis based on data gathered from talented managers in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Results: The research results unveiled that talents were attracted to work for current companies primarily because of: good salary and company goodwill. The top three prevalent work motivational factors for talents included: (1) comfortable work environment, (2) enough autonomy and creativity in working and deciding, and (3) work-life balance. Furthermore, talent motivational factors related to talent retention in a statistically significant positive way. Conclusions: This study furnishes available talent research and theory by relating attraction/work motivational factors to talent engagement; and by introducing the fundamental motivational factors which are of monumental importance for retaining talented managers in Bosnia and Herzegovina.