It is practically impossible to imagine the collection of necessary evidence and the evidentiary procedure without the application of general evidentiary actions as well as special investigative actions in relation to legally prescribed criminal offenses for which the application of these specific actions can be determined. The Criminal Procedure Code prescribes general evidentiary and special investigative actions as well as restrictive legal conditions for their application. It is undisputed that the position of the prosecutor in the evidentiary procedure regarding the determination of the existence of a certain criminal offense and guilt depends on the volume and qualitative component of the evidence collected in the investigation, which means that the segment of the application of general and special investigative actions in relation to legality of collected evidence and respect for human rights and freedoms, is very important. The burden of proof is on the acting prosecutor, who has a leading and supervisory role in the investigation in relation to authorized officials in terms of the implementation of mentioned evidentiary actions and the collection of necessary evidence. It follows from the above stated that in each specific case, for the application of general evidentiary actions and special investigative actions, it is necessary to meet restrictive legal requirements. Also, this paper covers the implementation or enforcement aspect regarding the initiation and application of these evidentiary actions.

In this study, metal matrix-based composite (MMC) was subjected to Equal Chanel Angular Pressing (ECAP) in several passes to determine the influence of deformation on the hardness of the samples. Composite based on A356 aluminum alloy and reinforced with Fly Ash (FA) particles was obtained by the compo casting method. The microstructural analyses and microhardness measurements were performed on the cast and pressed samples. Vickers hardness measurement of composite samples was performed with different indentation load sizes: HV0.02, HV0.05, HV0.1 and HV0.2. Results showed that hardness increases after each ECAP pass. The lowest hardness value of 42 (HV0.02) as well as the lowest arithmetical mean value of 46 (HV0.2) was measured at the cast composite. The greatest composite hardness of 107 (HV0.1) and the highest arithmetical mean value of 94 (HV0.1) was measured at the three-time pressed sample. The mathematical model named Meyer’s law was used for data analysis. In the cast sample, a decrease in hardness was detected with increasing indentation load, termed Indentation Size Effect (ISE), was confirmed with Meyers index n = 1.9112 < 2. Pressed samples showed opposite behavior—an increase in hardness with increasing indentation load—where Meyers index n > 2 indicated Reverse Indentation Size Effect (RISE). For all samples, a high coefficient of determination R2 > 0.99 confirmed that Meyer’s law described this phenomenon well.

The aim of this paper is to shed light on the dominant theoretical paradigms and show their sustainability in the last 150 years, following the historical context of the interrelationship between politics and war. Starting from Clausewitz’s thesis on war as a continuation of politics by other, violent means, the paper thematizes the dominant wars in the twentieth century, World War I and II, their causes and connection with politics, which proves to be an essential element of every war. Namely, war has always been the consequence of political decisions and as such a significant political tool for achieving a certain goal. In this context, the Cold War period unequivocally confirms Clausewitz’s realist thesis, showing that war is not necessarily an armed conflict, but that it is nonetheless a political matter. After the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of the Cold War, realism and liberalism regained prominence and emerged as significant theories on war and security. Both theories have their roots in the twentieth century, and therefore their paradigm becomes insufficient to answer the new questions posed by the nature of interdependent world. Nevertheless, these theories, especially liberalism, show their practical application and stand at the core of the ideological basis for the formation of the European Union. In this sense, Europe, after centuries of wars fought on its soil, displays the possibility of successful cooperation. As a result, war appears not only as a continuation of politics by violent means, but as a constituent element of systems and states in the modern world.

Conflicts are inevitable, and so are refugees. Due to conflicts in Ukraine, the global refugee population has reached new highs. As people continue to flee Ukraine amid the ongoing pandemic in droves, their exposure to COVID-19 and infectious diseases that are common among the refugee population, such as tuberculosis, is on the rise as well. Also factoring in the fact that Ukraine has a large population living with communicable diseases like HIV and hepatitis C, along with other non-communicable conditions like diabetes and cancer, there is a pronounced need to protect these refugees and local residents from potential public health crises. In this paper, we investigate the challenges that health and government officials face in addressing refugees’ health needs and preferences. Furthermore, we discuss the imperative to provide timely and effective health services to refugees, such as psychoneuroimmunology-based interventions that could help address refugees’ multifactorial and multifaceted health needs and requirements. While conflicts are inevitable, public health crises are not. In light of the renewed imperative to safeguard shared humanity and solidify global solidarity, collaborative actions are needed to ensure fair, kind, and true public health environments are available to refugees of the current conflict and beyond.

The J Project (JP) physician education and clinical research collaboration program was established in 2004 by clinician scientists in Eastern and Central Europe (ECE) to increase awareness of primary immunodeficiency disorders (PIDs) and improve the complex care of patients with these conditions [1, 2]. By the end of 2021, 344 J Project meetings were organized (Table 1). The JP has created a collaborative, professional community of clinical immunologists, caring for more than 24,000 patients with PID and a remarkable number of joint publications [1–3]. While most of us live in a peaceful environment, the world is now full of conflict and unsolved legacies, and the area covered by our JP network is no exception. Many of these disputes concern politics and religion, culture and traditions, and some relate to the borders of countries, the citizens of which simply wish to live in peace. Those of us working in medicine, presumably with responsibility only for the physical and mental health of those we treat, are suffering from the consequences of local and global conflicts. We remember when many of our colleagues decided not to attend the 2nd J Project Congress in Antalya, Turkey, because of the conflict between their countries at the time. This is why we formulated a succinct message delivered at the 2nd J Project Congress in Antalya, reiterating that our meeting was dedicated to patients and peace. But, after 18 years of working together in the PID or inborn errors of immunity (IEI) field, the loudest and strongest message to come out of the JP is that we are still together and growing in terms of the area covered, the countries and centers included, and we are developing across existing differences of various kinds between the 32 countries now involved in the project [1]. We are not alone in this endeavor. Indeed, we collaborate closely with the European Society for Immunodeficiencies, the Jeffrey Modell Foundation, and pharmaceutical companies, which provide educational grants for the organization of JP meetings [2]. We are not immune from the problems of a lack of engagement with this wonderful joint project, albeit in only a few countries or a few centers in some countries. We continually try to persuade the less active centers to re-engage in the Project and to bring them back into the fold. We hope to convince them that the JP exists primarily to help those who are lagging behind, and that the reward for our efforts is the diagnosis and treatment of more and more patients throughout Central Europe and Eurasia, including, recently, in Siberia and the Far East of Russia [3, 4]. Advanced centers should be keen to find new ways to help the less developed centers and to raise the global level of patient management and understanding of the importance of IEI throughout medical fields. In a more global sense, the JP provides us with an excellent example of how to overcome differences and conflicts between countries and nations and to build collegiality and friendship through a focus on professional collaboration in our growing community, even during times of strife when tensions surround us. A prominent expression of our strength and reach is the increasing number of PID-focused meetings (Fig. 1), reflecting considerable ambition and enthusiasm and paving the way for improvements in the diagnosis and treatment of patients in our still largely neglected but rapidly developing field [5]. * László Maródi edamarodi@gmail.com

The increasing use of natural gas power generation has strengthened the interdependence between the power and natural gas subsystems in the integrated power and gas system (IPGS). Due to the interactions between the two subsystems, the disturbances in one system may spread to the other one, triggering a disruptive avalanche of subsequent failures in the IPGS. This paper presents a survey of cascading failure analysis for the IPGS. First, we identify the important features characterizing cascading dynamics in individual power and gas subsystems. Then, we will discuss the features for the cascading failure analysis in the IPGS and future research.

During the pandemic period, smart logistics applications have rapidly changed the way organizations do business in order to provide competitive products and services while still remaining flexible. Smart logistics applications and demand forecasting, which have an important place in ensuring customer satisfaction and increasing competitive advantage, came to the fore even more in this period. However, smart logistics applications are often bogged down by several barriers, and then there is the need to choose the most ideal demand forecasting method despite these barriers. The main purpose of this study is to assess the barriers to the smart logistics applications in companies that receive and provide logistics services with corporate identity in Ordu Province, and to choose the most ideal demand forecasting method during the COVID-19 period. This study has the characteristic of a roadmap that helps the construction of smart logistics transformation applications by detecting barriers related to smart logistics applications and determining the most ideal demand forecasting alternative in logistics sector. Fuzzy FUCOM (FUll COnsistency Method)-based interval rough EDAS (Evaluation based on Distance from Average Solution) methodology was used to weight the barriers and to rank and choose the most ideal demand forecasting method during COVID-19 period, respectively.

Plant-derived products are frequently found as ingredients in cosmetics. However, the current data show non-neglectable skin sensitizing potential of these preparations suggesting an urgent need for data regarding their health safety profile. The aim of this study was to assess the skin sensitization potential of commercial essential oils by selected Lamiaceae species (Lavandula angustifolia, Melissa officinalis, Mentha longifolia, Thymus vulgaris, Salvia officinalis, and Rosmarinus officinalis) using a chemistry-based Direct Peptide Reactivity Assay (DPRA) in order to predict their potential allergic properties. In the DPRA assay, nucleophile-containing synthetic peptides (cysteine peptide and lysine peptide) were incubated with the test substance for 24 h. Depletion of the peptide in the reaction mixture was measured by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) using UV detection and the average peptide depletion data for cysteine and lysine was then calculated. Menthae longifoliae aetheroleum showed no or minimal reactivity with 4.48% cysteine depletion, Rosmarini aetheroleum and Salviae aetheroleum showed low reactivity with the 12.79% and 15.34% of cysteine depletion, respectively, while the other analyzed essential oils showed moderate reactivity with the cysteine depletion between 23.21 and 48.43%. According to DPRA predictive analysis, only Menthae longifoliae aetheroleum can be classified as negative, while all other essential oils may be classified as positive, thus having the potential to cause skin sensitization.

Background: Scientometry is a part of Scientology (the science of science) that analyzes scientific articles and their citation in a selected sample of scientific journals. The basic part of scientometry is bibliometrics, which was introduced in the 1970s to mark quantitative research on communication processes by applying appropriate mathematical and statistical methods to published publications. Scientific research is the only real way and method for the proliferation of true knowledge in all spheres of science, but also in academic institutions. The ability to study a scientific problem is the highest level of knowledge. Medical

This study investigates the entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions of the working-age population in Bosnia and Herzegovina by considering a set of demographic and entrepreneurial background factors. Using a cross-sectional survey design, 782 responses were collected. To test hypotheses, confirmatory factor analysis, Welch's t-test, one-way variance analysis with Brown-Forsythe, Welch's F, and least square difference post hoc tests were used. The results suggest several theoretical and practical implications. First, entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions are statistically different constructs. Second, there were mixed results regarding demographic factors where age is a significant differentiator in entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions, experience and education are partial, while gender is insignificant. Third, concerning entrepreneurial background factors, both entrepreneurial education and family are significant differentiators in entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions. Finally, the study contributes to the current state of knowledge by empirically demonstrating divergence between entrepreneurial and intrapreneurial intentions, extending the comparative research to the working-age population, and providing implications within the context of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The aim of this article was to present a summary of the current resources available in the literature regarding the role of inflammation in anal cancer development. Anal cancer is relatively uncommon, accounting for about 2.7% of all reported gastrointestinal cancers in the United States. However, the importance of understanding the pathogenesis and risk factors for anal cancer has been recognized over the last several decades due to a noticed increase in incidence worldwide. Infections, autoimmune diseases, and inflammatory diseases of unknown etiology cause chronic inflammation that promotes tumorigenesis. The association between chronic inflammation and cancer development is widely accepted. It is based on different pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to cellular transformation and changes in immunological response, allowing tumor cells to avoid apoptosis and immune surveillance. However, there are still many molecular and cellular mechanisms that remain largely unexplored. Further studies on this topic could be of tremendous significance in elucidating anal cancer pathogenesis and developing immunotherapeutic approaches for its treatment.