This article describes the architecture life cycle effect analysis (ALCEA) method, a structured method for evaluating proposed new architectures for software-intensive systems. The method evaluates a proposed architecture by quantifying its effect on the performance of system life-cycle phases. The method is instantiated by identifying the relevant life-cycle phases of the system under investigation and a set of evaluation functions that capture, in terms of basic factors, the effect of different architectural decisions on key life-cycle PAs, such as revenue, operating resources, and investments. The method results in a transparent cost and revenue structure, documented in a tabular form, based on quantifiable factors from the developing organization. The results of the method can be used directly as part of a business case, and their robustness can be estimated by sensitivity analysis. The ALCEA method is designed for system-level architectural analysis, covering both software and hardware aspects. In this article, we introduce the ALCEA method and provide a detailed example of how to apply it in the evolution of embedded systems. Moreover, we share early experiences of using the method in large-scale industrial settings.

Every attempt to access to the Internet through a Web browser, email sent, VPN connection, VoIP call, instant message or other use of telecommunications systems involves cryptographic techniques. The most commonly applied technique is asymmetric cryptography, which is generally executed in the background without the user even being aware. It establishes a cryptographic code based on the computational complexity of mathematical problems. However, this type of cryptography, which is widely used in today’s telecommunications systems, is under threat as electronics and computing rapidly develop. The development of fifth-generation cellular networks (5G) is gaining momentum, and given its wide field of application, security requires special attention. This is especially true faced with the development of quantum computers. One solution to this security challenge is to use more advanced techniques to establish cryptographic keys that are not susceptible to attack. An essential part of quantum cryptography, Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) uses the principles of quantum physics to establish and distribute symmetric cryptographic keys between two geographically distant users. QKD establishes information-theoretically secure cryptographic keys that are resistant to eavesdropping when they are created. In this paper, we survey the security challenges and approaches in 5G networks concerning network protocols, interfaces and management organizations. We begin by examining the fundamentals of QKD and discuss the creation of QKD networks and their applications. We then outline QKD network architecture and its components and standards, following with a summary of QKD and post-quantum key distribution techniques and approaches for its integration into existing security frameworks such as VPNs (IPsec and MACsec). We also discuss the requirements, architecture and methods for implementing the FPGA-based encryptors needed to execute cryptographic algorithms with security keys. We discuss the performance and technologies of post-quantum cryptography, and finally, examine reported 5G demonstrations which have used quantum technologies, highlighting future research directions.

To behave in a socially responsible manner and to support the concepts of sustainable development, organizations apply various processes and activities for greening their business. In addition to green marketing, supply and distribution chain, production, packaging and recycling, green human resources management (GHRM) also plays a big role. For this purpose, organizations incorporate a green component into all human resources management (HRM) phases, thereby building a green employer brand. This paper examines the extent to which organizations in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina apply GHRM activities and practices, and whether there are differences in the application of these practices depending on the size and business sector. Empirical research carried out in Serbia and Bosnia and Herzegovina has found that green activities and HRM practices are applied to a small extent, with slightly higher results achieved by small and manufacturing organizations. The findings indicate the need for greater engagement of organizations to strengthen the awareness of the importance of GHRM, support their sustainable development and strengthen the brand in domestic and foreign markets.

Background: Lyme borreliosis is a multisystemic infection caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. Erythema migras is the main clinical marker of the disease. Objective: This study aimed was to investigate the frequency and clinical manifestations of European borreliosis on the skin, and to determine the significance of these findings for diagnosis and therapy. Methods: A retrospective-prospective clinical study of outpatients treated and monitored in a private clinic of an infectologist was conducted over nine years from to 2013-2021. The study was clinical, descriptive and analytical in nature. Results: In the investigated period, 509 (30.8%) patients with borreliosis symptoms were treated. EM in our patients occurred under the following conditions: a) ringed redness, b) redness of target cels and d) continuous round or oval redness of different sizes of individual redness, or multiple occurrences with primary dissemination. Skin changes with multiorgan chronic symptoms of borreliosis occurred in 67.7% of cases the including: walking redness of different shapes and sizes, pink borreliosis stretch marks, white borreliosis stretch marks, borreliosis palms and soles, psoriatic changes, Acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, Scleroderma circumscripta-morphae, Erythema nodosum, Granuloma anulare and Lichen striatus et atrophicans. Of the 509 patients treated for borreliosis, 32.3% with multi-organ symptomatology had no skin changes. Conclusion: The skin manifestations of European borreliosis are multi-layered and Erythema migrans are basic, but not the only markers of the disease. ‘Pink borreliose stretch marks, “white borreliosis striae”, “borreliosis palms or soles”, and intermittent redness accompanied by itching are unique markers for the diagnosis of chronic borreliosis, if they are manifested.

Background: Chordoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that predominantly arises from the axial skeleton, but can also develop in unusual locations. However, there are also rare cases of „NOS“ chordoma involving the oropharyx and epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland in the same patient. According to contemporary research, chordoma is a rare malignant neoplasm that arises from the embryonic remnants of the notochord. and typically involves the clivus, sacrococcygeal bones or vertebrae. Studies have shown that the incidence of chordoma has been estimated to be one per one million people per year. Chordoma can occur at any age, but most commonly it is diagnosed in the 40–60 year old age group with the male predominance. Objective: The aim of this article was to review the case of a 74-year-old female patient with epithelial-myoepithelial carcinoma of the parotid gland and a case of „NOS“ chordoma involving the oropharyx. Methods: Diagnostic methods were used to examine a female patient with two primary malignant tumors: CT neck scan, CT of paranasal sinuses, ultrasound examination, scintigraphy and operative finding. Case presentzation: Due to the anatomy complexity, complete resection of the tumor through a transoral-transpharyngeal approach was not possible. Intraoperative palpation of the mass revealed well defined submucosal lesion 20x43x46mm beginning at the level of the oro- and hypopharynx and extending superiorly to the nasopharynx, and posteriorly into the spinal canal and intervertebral foramen causing near complete occlusion of the oro and hypopharynx. The patient also underwent extracapsular dissection of the parotid tumor. Postoperative palliative radiotherapy was performed. Conclusion: Surgical treatment remains the mainstay of treatment for EMC and radiation is imperative for patients who refuse surgery and for those with advanced or inoperable diseases.

This study focuses on the theoretical analysis of the application of modeling and mathematical, particularly linear programming, in managerial processes within the agro-industrial complex. The authors have dedicated themselves specifically to defining planning processes, classifying models, and organizing production structures, including vertical and horizontal structures. Despite the fact that the benefits of linear programming have been proven, it is still not widely accepted and applied in our region. The reasons for this can be found in the relative complexity of the process, both in creating logical and mathematical models, and in interpreting results. Although there are specialized software and add-ons such as Solver in MS Excel, they are still not accessible enough to a wider range of users in the agro-industrial sector. It is evident that there is a need for the development of new specialized software solutions with user-friendly interfaces, which would make them more accessible, primarily to advisors, and then to agricultural producers.

Paper presents a model for the optimization of primary milk production in the hillymountainous regions of the Republic of Serbia. The goal of creating the model is to demonstrate and analyze the conditions and outcomes of production at the farm, while to find the optimal production structure, considering the organizational, economic, technical, and technological circumstances in which the farm performs its agricultural activities. The model is based on the linear programming optimization method. A mathematical model, or objective function, was established, and constraints were identified. A logical model was created for optimization. The main goal of solving the linear programming problem is to find the maximum or minimum of the objective function. In presented model, the task is to maximize the objective function, what is represented by the farm's net income. By using the linear programming, it is possible to determine the optimal quantities of resources and products to maximize net income, while adhering to resource constraints and other relevant factors.

Introduction/purpose: The study of vehicle suspension is a challenge for researchers in the field of vehicles regarding the impact of the suspension system on vehicle performances such as ride comfort, road holding, and working space. This paper presents the simulation of the Land Rover Defender 110 vehicle in the roll plane (half vehicle) in Simulink/MATLAB. The obtained results were compared with the results obtained in the ADAMS/CAR software package of the Land Rover Defender 110 simulation model previously experimentally validated. The Defender 110 vehicle has a dependent suspension system in both axles and a passive suspension type with four degrees of freedom (4 DOF). Methods: The equations of the system can be solved mathematically with a scheme in Simulink/MATLAB while half-vehicle modeling has been done in ADAMS/CAR. Results: The comparison of the vehicle characteristics obtained by the two simulation methods was done for three different scenarios, and it was noticed that there is a good correlation between them. Conclusion: It was concluded that the Defender 110 vehicle simulation model in Simulink/MATLAB is validated. The validated model can be used to perform suspension system optimization in future work.

Background/Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the accuracy of overall and anterior Bolton's ratio measurements obtained with an intraoral scanner compared to standard caliper measurements on plaster models. Material and Methods: This study included 33 subjects (18 female and 15 male), aged 12 to 18 years. All subjects were taken impression for the purpose of making study plaster models. In addition, all subjects underwent intraoral scanning for the purpose of creating digital models. Tooth width was measured with a caliper on plaster models, while digital models were analyzed using Cerec Ortho SW 2.0.2 software. The overall and anterior Bolton ratios were derived using both methods. Statistical data processing was performed using an independent t-test. Results: The results obtained using these two methods for measuring the anterior and overall Bolton ratio showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the measurements obtained on plaster models and the measurements obtained by intraoral scanning. For the overall Bolton ratio, T-test was 0.828 and is not statistically significant (p<0.05). The value of T-test for the anterior Bolton ratio was 0.001 and it was also not statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusions: Determination the overall and anterior Bolton ratio using an intraoral scanner is an accurate and acceptable method for clinical work in orthodontics.