The term transport chain includes the sum of all flows in which the transported goods are in motion, starting from the suppliers of raw materials, through intermediaries-wholesalers and retailers, all the way to the final consumers. The transport chain also includes numerous services that also contribute to increasing the value of the product. What will be the concrete structure of the transport chain, first of all, depends on the characteristics of the product itself, which is required by the final consumer, and which must be offered by the manufacturer. At the same time, the demands of consumers are based on the characteristics of their way of life and lifestyle, including the demands imposed by religious beliefs. These are specific requirements that, for example, are imposed on the Islamic faith through Sharia law. It strictly prescribes what is permissible for Islamic believers (permitted goods, services or behaviors) and is called halal. When we consider the Halal standard and its application in logistics, it means that all members of the supply chain in the Halal product system must comply with Sharia law. It specifically imposes the need for halal certification; specific hygienic and sanitary premises. At the same time, the procedures must be controlled by specially qualified persons and organizations, which are accepted by Islam.

Andrić's doctoral dissertation, titled "Development of spiritual life in Bosnia under the influence of Turkish rule," has so far initiated many discussions, mostly criticism of the methodology used by Andrić in this dissertation, but also many criticisms related to challenging the scientific character of the dissertation itself. In this paper, the author focuses on a completely different segment of Andrić's dissertation, which previous analyses and critiques of Andrić's dissertation have not covered. The problem of corruption in the Ottoman Empire shall be the subject of the analysis, and certainly the problem of corruption in Bosnia as part of the Ottoman Empire. The paper analyses the scientific basis of Andrić's claims in the dissertation on the ubiquity of corruption in the Ottoman Empire, and the possible impact of the corruption of Ottoman institutions on the development of institutions in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The author explains the importance of Andrić's dissertation for a better understanding of the problem of corruption in the functioning of the institutions of Bosnia and Herzegovina with the theory of historical institutionalism.

The effects of the aerobic endurance running program on the morphological characteristics of adolescent girls with different nutritional SUMMARY: This study aimed to explore the effects of a single moderate-intensity aerobic endurance running program on the morphological characteristics of normal-weighted and overweighted female adolescents and whether effects differ between individuals of different nutritional statuses. A total of 47 adolescent girls participated in this randomized controlled trial. Before and after 12 weeks of intervention, measurements were obtained for body height, body mass, BMI, triceps, subscapular, abdominal, thigh, and calf skinfolds, and chest, abdominal, thigh, and calf circumference. The total duration of the program was 12 weeks, with a frequency of 2 hours/week (24 sessions). The individual session lasted 60 minutes, and the intensity ranged from 60 % HRmax to 80 %. The findings from the present study suggest that the 12-week aerobic endurance running program induced changes in morphological characteristics of female adolescents. The significant reductions in body mass and BMI were small for normal-weight adolescents (-2,64 % and -3,48 %) and moderate for overweight adolescents (-4,14 % and -4,36 %) following the experimental program. The magnitude of reductions in the skinfold thickness was small for both groups (triceps, subscapular, abdominal, and calf) and moderate for thigh skinfold and a sum of skinfolds in the overweight group. The reductions in the magnitude of all circular measures were small for both groups. It ranged from -1.59 % to -2.59 % for normal-weight and from -2.54 % to -3.92 % for overweight adolescents, respectively. Additionally, the effects of the applied program seem more favorable to overweight than normal-weight adolescents. This study's current findings indicate that the 12-week aerobic endurance running program is effective due to improvements in morphological characteristics, body mass, and BMI of female adolescents. Additionally, this study's findings show that applied aerobic endurance running program proved more effective for overweight adolescents.

Introduction: Cheiloscopy is defined as the study of the sulci labiorum, known as "lip prints". Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to determine the morphological characteristics of the lip grooves in the three dominant nationalities in the Republic of North Macedonia (Macedonians, Albanians, Roma) and to compare the obtained results with the morphological characteristics of the lip grooves in three other populations from different geographical regions. Material and methods: In this research, we included 150 examinees aged 25-50 years and divided them into three groups: Macedonians (50), Albanians (50) and Roma (50). The lip prints were taken using microscopic slides and detected using the dactyloscopic powder and brush method. We used the Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification to typify the lip prints. Results: The most common type of lip grooves in the population of the Republic of North Macedonia was the type II grooves. There was no significant difference in the presence of different types of lip grooves in the four quadrants between males and females, nor between Macedonians, Albanians and Roma. The comparative analysis showed that populations from different geographical areas had different anthropological and morphological characteristics of the lip grooves. Conclusion: Type II lip grooves are the most common in the population of the Republic of North Macedonia and there is no statistically significant difference between the prevalence of different types of lip grooves in the three nationalities in this study. Considering the large number of factors that can affect the quality of the lip print, we recommend that a swab should always be taken before collecting the lip print in order to attempt to extract DNA material from the found trace.

The aim of this research is to develop a functional food and halal Omega 3 eggs by dietary manipulation of laying hens as well as to investigate the influence of nutrient composition on egg yolk content of PUFAs. The research was conducted on the farm Pećigrad, Velika Kladuša, which has 21,162 laying hens, with an egg production rate of 70%. Laying hens were fed with halal and NON GMO feed mixtures from three suppliers. Omega 3 eggs contained 318 mg of Omega 3 PUFAs, which is 6 times more than the standard eggs. The n-6:n-3 PUFAs ratio was 18.4:1.9=9.9 in egg yolks of laying hens fed with standard feed mixture, while in egg yolks produced by laying hens fed with feed mixture enriched with flaxseed this ratio was 17.8:5.3=3.4. Consumption of eggs with the latter n-6:n-3 ratio can prevent cardiovascular diseases and provides the intake of RDA of Omega 3 FAs. Traceability and established HrCCP in the chain of suppliers, in processes of primary and industrial production, application of good practices, sustainable development resulted in halal products with additional functional properties.

On islands and in island communities, especially smaller and more isolated ones, epidemics were often of greater intensity and left more significant consequences than on the mainland. The unique characteristics of an island (size, remoteness, isolation, small population size, and several manageable access points) affect the transmission of mainland epidemics and their frequency. The current global COVID-19 pandemic is an opportunity to investigate how the infection and epidemiological measures affected the life and death of island communities. The pandemic has brought mass death into our daily lives and altered the way people grieve, commemorate and remember their deceased. This paper presents the experiences and feelings of people during the COVID-19 pandemic on Croatian islands, with a focus on death, funerals, mourning, and the loss of family members. Due to the impossibility of carrying out the usual practices related to the funeral because of COVID-19 restrictions, the process of mourning and dealing with the loss of loved ones was difficult. Island communities accepted the new rules and adapted to the new circumstances but indicated that island-specific and more flexible crisis management should be applied during this health crisis. Some epidemiological measures, such as social distancing, internal island travel restrictions, and reduced gatherings, were highlighted by islanders as challenging and sometimes unnecessarily strict for some islands and their specific situations. For family members of those who died from COVID-19, additional factors and challenges have complicated their loss. Digital and social media were used to connect people and helped in coping with mourning in solitude and isolation. In this global pandemic, island communities responded to the impact of pandemic crises and adapted to new circumstances of the “new normal”.

Purpose . The purpose of this study is to examine the causes of delays in road construction projects in the Benin Republic from the consultant, client, and contractor perspectives. Design/Methodology/Approach . Through construction project reports, 20 factors that could cause delays in road construction projects were identified. The factors were arranged into a questionnaire, which was distributed to three separate experts. The fuzzy PIPRECIA (PIvot Pairwise RElative Criteria Relevance Assessment) method was used to calculate the independent importance of each delay factor. The Spearman and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to test the method’s consistency. Findings . The top five road construction project delays in the Benin Republic, according to the analysis of the 20 factors considered, are project funding, slowness during the client-endorsed payment process, scarcity of professional personnel, delay in indemnifying reimbursement (land-owners), and price escalation. This shows that of the various types of delays, the financial delay group is the most crucial. Originality/value. This study evaluates the causes of delays in road construction projects in the Benin Republic for the first time in literature. This study also examined the top 5 delay factors in road construction projects. This study is based on reports from road construction projects and a performed questionnaire survey. Based on the findings, measures have been formulated to aid project managers to alleviate the road construction delays in the Benin Republic. In addition, this study is practical for both scholars and road construction parties and provides a complete and verifiable analysis of the progress of a road construction project to make it easier and attain a competitive level of time, cost, and quality for successful road construction.

The aim of this research was to examine the frequency of different barriers faced by special education teachers in working with children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The sample included 53 participants of both genders and of different ages who were diagnosed with ASD. The instrument used to assess the presence of barriers in teaching refers to the Assessment of Barriers in Teaching (VB-Mapp Barriers Assessment -Sundberg, 2008). In our sample, it was found that all respondents have a pronounced presence of teaching barriers, while the most frequent barriers are prompt dependence, generalization difficulties, socialization problems, escape or avoidance of given tasks and the absence of the tact ability. Having in mind the obtained results, it is highlighted as a necessity to develop an approach that would lead to elimination of the mentioned barriers, as well as to develop a treatment plan to address those teaching barriers in working with children with PSA and consequently enable a higher degree of adoption of new knowledge and skills by children with ASD.