Students’ learning outcomes in physics are significantly affected by the quality of outside-of-classroom learning experiences. A rich source of these experiences may be the physics homework. In this study, the effects of technologically-rich physics homework were evaluated. To that end a pretest-posttest experimental design has been used. 67 first-year students from the First Bosniak Gymnasium were randomly assigned to one of the three homework approaches. In the control group students received conventional homework about work and energy. Within the simulation-based approach students were expected to interact with simulations to investigate work and energy phenomena, whereas in the video-based approach students learned by analyzing a video in which the teacher interacted with the same simulations as mentioned above. Based on analysis of covariance we could find that the between-group differences on the conceptual posttest were not statistically significant, F(2, 47)=0.59, p=0.56. At the same time, students who learned by interacting with simulations expressed significantly more positive attitudes towards homework, compared to students from the video-based group (mean difference=1.88, p=0.038), as well as compared to students from the conventional group (mean difference=2.02, p=0.03). Simulation-based physics homework may be a powerful tool for helping the students to reach important affective learning outcomes.

Augmented reality (AR) makes it possible to overlay digital content onto our view of real-world phenomena. This potentially facilitates learning of physics by visualizing connections between concrete physics phenomena and abstract physics formalism. Here we present a part of our systematic review of earlier research on the use of augmented reality (AR) in school and university teaching physics topics. Our systematic review includes 60 articles published between 2012 and 2020, indexed in the Scopus and Eric databases. We analyzed the technological properties of AR for different content areas of physics as well as various methodological aspects of earlier AR research in physics education (e.g., educational level of participants, sample size, and research design). It has been shown that AR becomes increasingly popular in the physics education research community.

In recent years of social distance due to the pandemic, augmented reality (AR) with its ability to overlay real phenomena with digital content has become even more attractive for making physics experiments accessible to every student. Therefore, we have recently developed an AR application for Android mobile devices that allows users to study how the gravitational force between two spherical bodies depends on their masses and their mutual distance. The purpose of this study is to investigate students' experience of using this application. To that end, 85 undergraduate students from the University of Zagreb were asked to use our AR application for completing a task related to the concept of gravity. Thereafter, they were administered five open-ended and 30 close-ended questions from three different questionnaires: System Usability Scale (SUS), User Experience (UX), and Handheld Augmented Reality Usability Scale (HARUS). Analysis of students’ responses revealed that students perceived the application as easy to use, consistent, self-explanatory, and enjoyable. Valuable feedback was provided on possible improvements to the application.

Abstract This paper investigated the opportunities for public sector improvement by digitalization Financial Management and Control (FMC) system in the Western Balkans (WB) countries. Optimizing business processes within public sector through the digitalization of the FMC system offers opportunities for public sector improvement. The idea is to analyze the existing legal solutions on FMC system in the WB countries and evaluate the current level of digitalization of the system to find the abilities for improvement FMC. The data obtained through an interview with management persons in the Ministry of Finance of the WB Countries and key experts who worked on behalf of the EU as expert consultants on EU-funded projects. Also, we use secondary data collected by exploring literature and OECD reports. Since the database is limited, we use descriptive statistics to analyze the data and the case-study method. The digitalization of the entire system presented only at the entity and state level in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The research showed that the development of a quality FMC system can be enabled by the digitalization of the entire system. The main contribution of this paper is its focus on digitalization of FMC system, since there is limited research paper on this subject.

Bckground: Aerobic vaginitis is an imbalance of the vaginal flora and the main characteristic is an abnormal vaginal flora that contains aerobic and intestinal pathogens with varying degrees of vaginal inflammation. The frequency of AV varies from 12% to 23.7% in symptomatic women who are not pregnant and 4 to 8% during pregnancy and has an increased risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STI). The causative agents of AV are: Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Esherichia coli, group B streptococcus and Staphylococcus aureus. Objective: The aim of this review was to present the most important features of aerobic vaginitis regarding description of this frequent clinical problems within population in Bosnia and Herzegovina and also worlfwide. Methods: Author analized aerobic vaginitis based on scientific literature by searching published papers in important indexed databases. Results and Discussion: The most frequently isolated AV pathogen is E. faecalis in about 31%. New works indicate the presence of the HPV 16 gene and genome in E. faecalis in the biopsied material of cervical cancer, as well as the ability that HPV 16 genes can be translated and transcribed in these bacteria, and that the HPV gene can form viral particles in these bacteria leads to certain connection that can be a risk factor in the progression of cervical lesions to cancer. A decrease in the number of lactobacilli in the vaginal secretion reduces the defense ability and changes the pH value of the vaginal environment, which favors the development of bacterial inflammation. AV positive for E. faecalis leads to a change in the pH value of the vaginal environment above 5, and the increased pH value of the vaginal environment in HPV positive women can be an association for cervical intraepithelial lesion (CIN). A dominant pathogen in AV such as E. faecalis can reduce the protective effect of lactobacilli by causing inflammation, as well as an increase in IL-6, IL-8 and TNF, increasing the risk of HPV 16 infection resulting in CIN and cervical cancer. In cervical cancer research, the presence of genes and genomes (except E1) of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 was found in bacteria such as: E. faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus from cervical cancer biopsies. Intensive treatment of AV could be a very important factor in preventing the onset of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer. The recommended treatment of AV includes a combination of therapy such as: antibacterial (antiseptic and antibiotic), hormonal, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and/or probiotics, which can be prescribed in the form of local or systemic therapy. Conclusion: There is no generally accepted clinical strategy for the treatment of AV caused by E. faecalis. Most authors suggest that therapy be based on microscopic or microbiological findings using a topical antibiotic for the infectious agent, a topical steroid to reduce inflammation, and estrogen to treat atrophy.

Abstract Food conveys the sense of a place, and it encapsulates both the natural and cultural meanings that locals attach to their culinary heritages. Food tourism contributes to the sustainable development of destinations because food-based activities are part of sustainable tourism practices. Sarajevo is becoming an increasingly popular gastronomic destination. The purpose of this research is to analyse the food image of the city of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a relevant issue for food tourism sustainable development in urban environments. To achieve it, this resear ch understands restaurants as a food tourism attraction. To analyse how a destination promotes food identity, this article draws from a content analysis of 16 menus from restaurants located in the four municipalities of the city of Sarajevo. Results rev eal to what extent local restaurants offer menus based on local foods and drinks that represent Bosnian-Herzegovinian cuisine. In particul ar, the research contributes to understanding food tourism in cities, and how restaurants can be crucial in developing and promoting sustainable tourism.

Background: Thromboembolic complications are a frequent occurrence during COVID-19. This report presents a patient with signs of subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) caused by a thrombus in the initial part of the right subclavian artery. Pathological occlusive changes, such as thrombosis, are four times more common on the left subclavian. Thrombosis of the subclavian artery occurs in about 1% of the population, but atherosclerotic changes are common and usually asymptomatic. Objective: The aim of this report is to present a patient with signs of subclavian steal syndrome (SSS) caused by a thrombus in the initial part of the right subclavian artery associated with symptoms of COVID-19. Case report: A 56-year-old female patient presented with tremor, numbness and prickling in the right hand, tinnitus, blurred vision, vertigo, syncope, trismus and headaches. The formation of a thrombus caused neurological symptoms in the right hand with a stronger pronounced tremor, headache and syncopal episodes. Routine CT with angiography did not reveal significant subocclusions of the neck arteries or significant ischemic changes in the brain. The patient was treated as Parkinsonismus (disease) with syncopal and collapsing episodes. Due to worsening subjective complaints, CT angiography of the neck and head blood vessels was repeated with iterative 3D reconstruction. The examination, as mentioned above, revealed atherosclerotic changes with thrombosis and stronger subocclusion of the right subclavian artery (RSA) proximal to the origin of the arteria vertebralis. Both vertebral arteries, as well as arteria basilaris, had a normal appearance. During physical exertion of the right arm doppler examination of neck blood vessels revealed the presence of reverse blood flow in the right vertebral artery. Haematological tests and high D-dimer also confirmed the diagnosis. After anticoagulant therapy, the thrombotic mass on the mural calcified RSA plaque disappeared. With the reduced physical strain on the right hand and a lifestyle change, syncopal conditions and headaches stopped. There was a reduction in tremors and tingling in the right hand as well. Conclusion: We reported a case of subclavian steal syndrome caused by thrombosis associated with OVID-19. Thromboembolic complications are common in the course of this disease. The diagnosis was confirmed with advanced diagnostic tools (CTA with 3D reconstruction), laboratory tests (D-dimer) and doppler ultrasound. When routine CT angiography is not completely clear, 3D reconstruction is necessary.

A study on 51 SNPs belonging to 29 genes related to heat stress was carried out in 720 sheep from 17 different breeds adapted to different climates from Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Morocco and Romania, using Kompetitive Allele-Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction. Genotype frequency and the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium were calculated, followed by a clustering using the Principal Component Analysis. We analyzed the polymorphisms in the following genes analyzed: HSPA12A,HSP90AA1,IL33,DIO2,BTNL2,CSN2,ABCG1,CSN1S1,GHR,HSPA8,STAT3, and HCRT. We emphasized on HSPA12A and HSPA8 genes as they were successfully genotyped in all studied flocks in which genotype frequency patterns were identified. Contrary to previous findings, the A allele for HSPA8 SNP was not observed in the heat tolerant breeds, being found exclusively in cold-tolerant breeds. The principal component analysis could not clearly differentiate the breeds, while plot concentration was slightly varied among the three groups, with HSP90AA1 and IL33 SNPs’ loading values significantly contributing to PC1 and PC2. We confirmed previous works that the HSPA12A,HSPA8,HSP90AA1 and IL33 SNPs are potential candidate markers for thermotolerance adaptation in sheep. This research contributes to the genetic variability of SNPs for thermotolerance adaptability in sheep.

Abstract Frequent changes in fiscal policies are the main cause of credit risk. To prevent households from increasing their non-performing loans, the government can use various policies and instruments. One of these tools is tax regulations, with a particular focus on the value-added tax. This paper examines whether tax policies have affected non-performing household loans in Turkey over the period from 2017 to 2021. To acquire meaningful empirical results, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) cointegration model have been applied. The results of analysis indicated that the effect of tax regulations on non-performing household loans is quite strong. It can be demonstrated that the strength of the income effect generated by tax cuts might be robust.

The research relates to determining the dependence of the strength and hardness, as well as the pH factor and solubility in water, of pellets made based on dolomite powder on the type and concentration of the binder. During the research, the technological parameters of the pelletizing device (speed and inclination of the disk, dosing speed of powder and binder suspension, and mixing time) were kept constant. Variations were made in the concentration of starch and molasses binder at values of 1.0, 2.5, and 4.0% and the control sample of 2.0 %. The purpose of pellets made of dolomite powder is to correct the pH factor of agricultural soil. The obtained results indicate that the production of pellets for the stated purpose requires an optimal choice of binder and its concentration due to the influence on the qualitative indicators of the pellet itself from dolomite powder. The research results are a partial extract of the Study: “Investigation of the optimal technology for the production of dolomite pellets from the “Očura” deposit for agriculture, Phase I”. Keywords: pellet, agriculture, binder concentration, strength, hardness, pH of pellets.

In the hilly Balkans, a folk proverb has been circulating for a long time, „It is most difficult to be a prophet in one‘s own village“, which reflects the age-old mistrust of the population towards new ideas. This is not surprising in the least, because since the written history of the peoples of the Balkans has existed, a continuous series of conquerors and local rulers who subjugated the common folks and imposed their world view can be traced. Nevertheless, from time to time, people with great strength appear who not only break the shackles imposed by the powerful, but through their actions find a way to the souls of their compatriots and gain their unreserved trust. One of such spontaneous creators is professor Izet Mašić, who achieved a miracle of medical publishing in his Sarajevo and Bosnia and Herzegovina and traced the path of medical science. There may be thousands of medical journals in the world, more or less reputable, and researchers from the Balkans can publish their work in them, but only domestic medical journals can initiate and direct domestic medical research, and educate young researchers in the right way. Professor Mašić made it possible for authors from Bosnia and Herzegovina and other Balkan countries to present their results to the world and receive an incentive from impartial experts to continue their work and progress more and more by editing and publishing three domestic journals at once, which are visible in the most important world bases,. The progress in research then translated into improving medical practice and health care of the population. The following details from Professor Mašić‘s biography tell us how this miracle happened. This year, academician Izet Mašić, Editor-in-Chief of a few biomedical journals, including Acta Informatica Medica journal, celebrates his 70th birthday and also 45 years of his academic and scientific work.

Obesity is a critical medical condition worldwide that is increasingly involved with nutritional derangements associated with micronutrient deficiencies, including iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, selenium, and vitamins A, C, D, and E. Nutritional deficiencies in obesity are mainly caused by poor-quality diets, higher nutrient requirements, alterations in micronutrient metabolism, and invasive obesity treatments. The current conventional agricultural system is designed for intensive food production, focusing on food quantity rather than food quality, consuming excessive agricultural inputs, and producing nutrient-deficient foods, thus generating severe health and environmental problems; agricultural food products may worsen obesity-related malnutrition. Therefore, modern agriculture is adopting new biofortification technologies to combat micronutrient deficiencies and improve agricultural productivity and sustainability. Biofertilization and nanofertilization practices are increasingly used due to their efficiency, safety, and reduced environmental impact. Biofertilizers are preparations of PGP-microorganisms that promote plant growth by influencing plant metabolism and improving the nutrient uptake, and nanofertilizers consist of synthesized nanoparticles with unique physicochemical properties that are capable of increasing plant nutrition and enriching agricultural products. This review presents the current micronutrient deficiencies associated with obesity, the modern unsustainable agri-food system contributing to obesity progression, and the development of bio- and nanofertilizers capable of biofortifying agri-food crops with micronutrients commonly deficient in patients with obesity.

The physical and chemical properties of the nanocrystals are highly shape dependent, and shape control has become very important. The seeded growth method enables seeds to grow in a predetermined way. We have already proposed such amodel that can reproduce the granular growth on a triangular lattice and for different growth shapes. In this paper, however, we have introduced a limitation on seed growth up to a certain length. This method can be used when the growth of all seeds have to be limited to the same length, or for a mixture with the different growth limits.The main goal is to investigate how the growing limits affect the values of the percolation threshold and jamming density, and whether large objects significantly affect the percolation threshold. We used growing needle-shaped objects (k-mers) made by a self-avoiding random walk filling the nodes of the triangular lattice. Objects can grow until they reach the growth limit k' defined as the maximum number of lattice nodes belonging to one object. For k' ≥10 percolation is reached for all investigated seed densities. We obtained that the values of the percolation threshold and jamming density are identical for k' ≥10k .Above these values, the percolation threshold and jamming remain unchanged, regardless of the growth limit.Our results also show that when significant growth is allowed, long objects are very rare and do not influence the results.

Sensitized europium fluorescence was used for simple, fast and efficient determination of tetracycline residues in water from fish farms. Tetracycline antibiotics: oxytetracycline (OTC), tetracycline (TC) and chlortetracycline (CTC) were extracted from water samples using polymeric hydrophilic–lipophilic balanced cartridges. After evaporation and pre-concentration, tetracyclines form a complex with europium and citric acid as coligand at pH 8.5. The complex formed has a wide absorption spectrum at 388 nm and a narrow emission maximum at 619 nm resulting from the 5D0 - 7F2 transition within the europium ion. The complex is stable with intensive fluorescence and linear in the concentration range of 5-2500 µg/L for tetracycline and oxytetracycline and 5-1000 µg/L for chlortetracycline. The detection limit was 0.68 µg/L for OTC, 1.29 µg/L for TC and 0.65 µg/L for CTC, respectively.The proposed method is very sensitive and particularly applicable to samples where low concentrations of tetracycline antibiotics are expected.

Combined LAG-3 and PD-1 blockade is an emerging strategy for the treatment of melanoma. Tawbi et al. and Amaria et al. report in The New England Journal of Medicine and Nature respectively on two clinical trials evaluating relatlimab and nivolumab as front-line treatment for metastatic, and resectable, high-risk, node-positive melanoma.