Optical time-domain reflectometer (OTDR) has long been and is still considered the main test tool for characterizing fiber optic links, i.e. identify and localize refractive and reflective events such as breaks, splices and connectors, and measure their insertion/return loss. Specifically, sufficient dynamic range and thus alike signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) enable clear far-end visibility even of long fiber links. Moreover, under such conditions, the highest achievable optical bit-error-rate (BER) floor is to the large extent determined by major reflective events such as the specific trace distortion caused by connectors and splices, each with significant return loss. Realizing this has provided the opportunity window to extend the standard OTDR capabilities list by the appropriate trace postprocessing to predict the BER floor. Accordingly, considering the SNR high, and thereby the inter-symbol interference dominant error generating mechanism, we applied the time-dispersion channel model that determines the BER floor by the rms delay spread of the (fiber) channel power-delay profile. We verified the BER floor prediction in the exemplar practical test situation, by measuring the actual BER on the same fiber link, and found the obtained values well matching the OTDR based predicted ones. Furthermore, when no dominant reflective events are identified on the OTDR trace, it implies very small time dispersion allowing the OFDM symbol cyclic prefix to always prevent inter-symbol interference. This retains the CFO to solely determine the residual BER floor and vice versa, enabling indirect estimation of CFOinduced phase distortion by simple BER testing. With this regard, we abstracted CFO with the AWGN being justified by the Central Limiting Theorem to enable efficient and quite accurate short-term BER (and so CFO phase error) predictions.

In this paper, we analyze an arbitrary heterogeneous cellular network applying stochastic geometry, and propose a modified model for assessing network spectral and energy efficiency. With this regard, we recognize that, in practice, determining Signal-to-Noise-and-Interference Ratio (SINR) as the key performance indicator, requires complex field test equipment, which might not be available or affordable. Therefore, we propose here a simple model that is based on the relatively easy measurable Bit-Error Rate (BER), whose degradation caused by various impairments is considered here as if it was due to the according additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN), thus abstracting any specific non-AWGN distortion. The proposed analytical model is verified by ns3 software network simulator, whose test results are found to match the corresponding estimated values. This indicates that both spectral and energy efficiencies of small-cell networks are higher than in larger-cell networks, even more for heterogeneous two-tier networks.

This paper analyzes expressions that use the olfactory domain as a figurative source in the Bosnian language. Authentic texts retrieved from the Sketch Engine web application were used as the corpus for the study. The web corpus includes blogs, news portals, and other web pages that use olfactory expressions either in the main text or in the respective comment sections. Two basic smell expressions were found to have the greatest figurative potential and therefore examined in this study. The results of the two basic smell expressions indicate that they are mainly used figuratively with simile being the main focus. Another finding is that olfactory expressions are used for anticipatory purposes.

This paper analyses the impact of Chinese public diplomacy and soft power (cultural soft power) on the public perception in Bosnia and Herzegovina. We have tested the three specific images China aims to project in Bosnia-Herzegovina: China as an ancient civilization, a leader of the developing countries and a responsible partner in the international community. We will see whether cultural soft power, applied by means of Confucius Institutes, academic exchange programs and think tanks, has an impact on the public perception in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The first part tackles the theoretical framework of public diplomacy, soft power and cultural diplomacy. The second part delineates the institutional, diplomatic and regulative framework of soft power and introduces the stakeholders, i.e. academic exchange and Confucius Institutes. The final part analyzes the survey and interviews and presents the results as to how these various public diplomacy tools are shaping the perception of China in Bosnia-Herzegovina. The paper concludes by arguing that Chinese public diplomacy produces soft power in Bosnia-Herzegovina, which is in turn positively perceived.

U ovom se radu analizira struktura glagolske sintagme u bosanskom jeziku te se nastoji odrediti bazni položaj upravnih članova sintagme, njihovih argumenata, ali i adjunkta. Ponašanje strukturnih elemenata koji čine glagolsku sintagmu u bosanskom jeziku i mogućnost njihovog pomjeranja prati se u procesu deriviranja površinske strukture rečenice koja sadrži elidirano mjesto. Različita ostvarenja elipse objašnjavaju se jedinstvenim položajem pojedinih strukturnih elemenata i njihovom mogućnošću da projiciraju zasebne maksimalne projekcije koje, u procesu deriviranja površinske strukture rečenice, mogu biti ili obuhvaćene elipsom ili izbjeći elidiranje. U vezi s tim, u radu se ukazuje na različito ponašanje pojedinih vrsta glagola u procesu VP elipse u bosanskom jeziku, te se uspostavlja paralela s istim strukturnim elementima u engleskom jeziku. U radu se analiza navedenih pojava zasniva na principima i parametrima generativnegramatike.