Agricultural waste has always been a global problem that causes environmental pollution, and thanks to the efforts of scientists, this agricultural waste has become not a neglected product, but rather a source of many effective chemical compounds that have industrial, pharmaceutical and food applications. Viral disease therapy has attracted a great deal of scientific interest worldwide. Therefore, the pace of research is increasing for effective and safe treatment. The potential inhibitory activity of pomegranate peel extract polyphenols against virus for effective viral disease therapy has attracted a great deal of scientific interest. The aim of this review was to present an overview of the pomegranate peel effects on viruses such as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Influenza virus, Norovirus, Adenovirus, Herpes simplex virus, Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Pomegranate is consumed as fresh fruit and juice for its reported health benefits as antioxidant, antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anticarcinogenic activities, and improves cardiovascular as well as oral health. The health benefits of pomegranate have been attributed to its wide range of phytochemicals, which are predominantly polyphenols, ellagitannins, anthocyanins, and other polyphenols. Instead of the pomegranate peel being a neglected product, it is considered as a promising antiviral agent which also offers other health benefits without side effects.

Many drugs with different mechanisms of action and indications available on the market today are capable of inducing hepatotoxicity. Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) has been a treatment challenge nowadays as it was in the past. We searched Medline (via PubMed), CENTRAL, Science Citation Index Expanded, clinical trials registries and databases of DILI and hepatotoxicity up to 2021 for novel therapies for the management of adult patients with DILI based on the combination of three main search terms: 1) treatment, 2) novel, and 3) drug-induced liver injury. The mechanism of action of novel therapies, the potential of their benefit in clinical settings, and adverse drug reactions related to novel therapies were extracted. Cochrane Risk of bias tool and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) assessment approach was involved in the assessment of the certainty of the evidence for primary outcomes of included studies. One thousand three hundred seventy-two articles were identified. Twenty-eight articles were included in the final analysis. Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were detected and for six the available data were sufficient for analysis. In abstract form only we found six studies which were also anaylzed. Investigated agents included: bicyclol, calmangafodipir, cytisin amidophospate, fomepizole, livina-polyherbal preparation, magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MgIG), picroliv, plasma exchange, radix Paeoniae Rubra, and S-adenosylmethionine. The primary outcomes of included trials mainly included laboratory markers improvement. Based on the moderate-certainty evidence, more patients treated with MgIG experienced alanine aminotransferase (ALT) normalization compared to placebo. Low-certainty evidence suggests that bicyclol treatment leads to a reduction of ALT levels compared to phosphatidylcholine. For the remaining eight interventions, the certainty of the evidence for primary outcomes was assessed as very low and we are very uncertain in any estimate of effect. More effort should be involved to investigate the novel treatment of DILI. Well-designed RCTs with appropriate sample sizes, comparable groups and precise, not only surrogate outcomes are urgently welcome.

The micro-roughness represents the basic structure of the roughness of the treated surfaces and they are mainly a consequence of the machining during the production. The microgeometry of treated surfaces has a significant impact on the contact conditions of surfaces, which is reflected in the quality of gluing, pressing, and surface treatment and assembly, ie the interchangeability of structural details of the product, and thus the product quality. The roughness of treated wood surfaces is almost impossible to reliably determine theoretically using analytical models, and the application of experimental analysis of the investigated influential parameters is essential to improve the treatment regime, while maintaining the cost and quality of treatment at a satisfactory level. The aim of this paper is to examine the significance of the influential parameters of roughness of the treated surface, ie wood density, feed rate and cutting depth when turning solid wood elements, and analysis of experimental data for achieving lower roughness of the treated surface, without compromising the quality and total production costs. The purpose of the experimental plan is to generate a mathematical model that describes the process.

Aim To assess a psychosocial impact of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on health care workers and to quantify the size of depression symptoms, anxiety and stress levels. Methods This cross-sectional study used an anonymous online survey questionnaire as a research instrument and it included 114 health workers of all profiles from the Sarajevo Canton employed in private and public institutions. The research was voluntary, non-commercial and all participants provided an oral informed consent. Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire was used for assessing emotional status of depression, anxiety and stress. Results The mean age of participants was 40.5±8.44 years with male:female ratio of 0.28. Prevalence of depression was 46.5%, anxiety61.4%, and 36.9% stress. Age and gender had no effect on emotional status, but it was revealed that women achieved higher depression, anxiety and stress scores than men (without statistical significance). The most notable effect on the emotional state was found for direct or indirect contact with COVID-19 patients. Medical workers in direct contact with COVID-19 patients achieved greater depression (p=0.005), anxiety (p=0.001), stress (p=0.030) and total DASS-21 (p=0.003) scores. Conclusion High prevalence of health workers affected by various psychological ailments during the COVID-19 pandemic was found. This evidence underscores the need to address adverse effects of the pandemic on mental health of health care workers.

High relationships between muscle strength and various forms of jumps are usually based on the research samples of professional athletes or students of sports and physical education. However such studies are less known in the case of recreational women. This study aimed to determine the relationship between isokinetic parameters of knee joint muscle strength with the efficiency of performing vertical jumps. The sample represents a group of 16 healthy and physically active women (age=31.04±3.71; height 168.13±8.34; weight 59.80±9.80). Knee extensors and flexors were evaluated by using an isokinetic dynamometer, while the two-foot vertical jump performance was measured using the Opto Jump System. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine correlation magnitude (p<.05). The obtained results indicated high correlations of the knee extension peak torque dominant leg (KEPT D), knee extension peak torque non-dominant leg (KEPT ND) and knee flexion peak torque non-dominant leg (KFPT ND) with counter movement jump free arms (CMJFA) (r=.525; r=.511; r=.594; p<.05). High correlations was also indicated between KFPT ND with counter movement jump (CMJ) (r=.514; p<.05). Given that these are recreational women, we can assume that the countermovement free arm jump type was the most natural form of expressing their explosive potential. It is certainly important that future studies further examine the relationships between muscle strength and performance of primary and specific motor tasks in recreational women.

Aim Chromosome translocations are considered as one of the most severe forms of genome defects. Because of the clinical significance of chromosome translocations and scarce data on the incidence of sporadic translocations in population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, we aimed to report sporadic translocation frequencies in samples karyotyped in our laboratory. Methods The study group consisted of 108 samples. Whole blood was cultivated in complete medium for 72 hours with the thymidine application at 48th hour to synchronize the cell culture. Metaphases were arrested by colcemid 60 minutes before harvesting. Following hypotonic treatment, cells were fixed and cell suspension was dropped on coded slides. Dried slides were subjected to conventional GTG (G-banding with trypsin-Giemsa) banding and analyzed under 1000x magnification in the accordance with ISCN (International System for Human Cytogenetic Nomenclature) and E.C.A. Cytogenetic Guidelines and Quality Assurance. Results The incidence of all detected sporadic translocations was 27.81 x 10-4 per metaphase. The incidence of sporadic translocations involving chromosomes 7 and 14, being considered as the most frequent sporadic translocations of the human karyotype in phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) stimulated lymphocytes, was 15.89 x 10-4 per metaphase. The most frequent breakpoints were 7p21, 14q11 and 14q21. Other detected sporadic translocation breakpoints were: 1q25, 3p22, 7p13, 7q11.22, 7q33, 14q23 and 19q13.4. Conclusion Higher incidence of sporadic translocations compared to the similar studies was registered. Since potential explanations for this issue are smaller sample size and higher exposure of examined population to genotoxic agents, further monitoring of sporadic translocation incidences is recommended.

The use of wood in outdoor conditions is of great importance for the service life of wood, and the process of thermal modification (TM) directly affects the effective value of wood products. This paper presents theoretical and experimental studies of the parameters influencing TM of wood on the changes of its physical and mechanical properties. Experimental studies were performed on thermally modified wood samples for different values of the influential parameters of thermal modification: T (°C), t (h) and ρ (g·cm–3), while the tensile strength was obtained as the output parameter. The obtained experimental data were stochastically modelled and compared with the model obtained by genetic programming. The optimization of processing parameters was performed by classical mathematical analysis and compared with the results obtained by optimization with genetic algorithm. The results of the optimal design parameters obtained by different approaches to optimization were compared and based on that the analysis of the characteristics of the presented techniques was conducted.

Este artigo objetiva analisar aspectos ligados aos estudos de metaficção historiográfica e gênero no romance Carta à rainha louca (2019), de forma a examinar, através da protagonista-escritora, uma visão feminina do Brasil do século XVIII. Apoiamo-nos nas teorias de Hutcheon (1991; 1984), Kause (2010), Scott (1995), Santos (2020), Del Priore (1994), entre outras. Como se sabe, a História foi por muito tempo narrada fundamentalmente sob uma perspectiva europeia, branca e masculina, portanto, a metaficção historiográfica, ao se voltar para a História, encara-a de modo diferente, através de perspectivas ex-cêntricas, como a de uma mulher enclausurada e tida como louca, conforme apresentado no romance em apreço.

In the scope of the genetic, morphological and phenological research of the genus Tilia in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with control populations in Germany, multibracteate silver-leaved linden (T. tomentosa Moench.) was discovered in Mostar. In addition to the usual primary bract, there are also bracts of the second and the third order, which as phenomenon is, to our knowledge, new for the science. Since the bracts vary in size, as well as in shape, and additional bracts do not appear on all the sampled trees, the task in the future is to further investigate this phenomenon.