Safety-critical automation often requires redundancy to enable reliable system operation. In the context of integrating sensors into such systems, the one-out-of-two (1oo2) sensor architecture is one of the common used methods used to ensure the reliability and traceability of sensor readings. In taking such an approach, readings from two redundant sensors are continuously checked and compared. As soon as the discrepancy between two redundant lines deviates by a certain threshold, the 1oo2 voter (comparator) assumes that there is a fault in the system and immediately activates the safe state. In this work, we propose a novel fault prognosis algorithm based on the discrepancy signal. We analyzed the discrepancy changes in the 1oo2 sensor configuration caused by degradation processes. Several publicly available databases were checked, and the discrepancy between redundant sensors was analyzed. An initial analysis showed that the discrepancy between sensor values changes (increases or decreases) over time. To detect an increase or decrease in discrepancy data, two trend detection methods are suggested, and the evaluation of their performance is presented. Moreover, several models were trained on the discrepancy data. The models were then compared to determine which of the models can be best used to describe the dynamics of the discrepancy changes. In addition, the best-fitting models were used to predict the future behavior of the discrepancy and to detect if, and when, the discrepancy in sensor readings will reach a critical point. Based on the prediction of the failure date, the customer can schedule the maintenance system accordingly and prevent its entry into the safe state—or being shut down.

Seventy years of continuous publishing of the Journal “Radovi Šumarskog fakulteta Univerziteta u Sarajevu” (Works of the Faculty of Forestry University of Sarajevo) represents a significant indicator of the importance of the topics it publishes in its content. The main goal of this paper is to present the Journal through History and show his continuity of work. The main material for this paper is all published issues and articles from 1952 to 2021. With this analysis, we will show a History of the Journal, and its design change, and analyze the number of published papers per year, per editor during these 70 years of existence.

Background: The economic burden induced by all types of Diabetes mellitus (DM) and their complications has reached 1.8% of gross domestic product (GDP) globally. The economic burden of diabetes mellitus in Bosnia & Herzegovina (B&H) is still unknown. Objective: To investigate the economic burden of diabetes in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including the costs of diagnosing and treating diabetes and its complications. Methods: The study was designed as a top-down cost of illness study, based on prevalence, analyzing both direct and indirect costs of DM and complications caused by DM. All types of DM were taken into account, and estimates were based on total B&H population. Costs of services per patient were calculated by multiplication of share of treated population, service utilization data and unit costs. Results: Annual economic burden associated with DM in B&H is around 189 million euro (739 euro per patient), which makes 1.11% of gross domestic product (GDP) of B&H in 2020 (16,993,101,523 euro, according to the World Bank data). The largest part of this burden was created by DM medication and costs of managing complications (heart failure and stable angina being major cost drivers among the complications), followed by laboratory tests and physician visits. Conclusion: Total costs of DM per patient in B&H are within the range of costs in other Central-Eastern European (CEE) countries, reflecting significant economic burden, but also determination of healthcare payers in B&H to provide optimal management of DM in congruence with contemporary clinical guidelines

Introduction Schizophrenia (SCH) and bipolar affective disorder (BP) are complex disorders that overlapping both in their clinical symptoms and certain familiar characteristics. They share some common characteristcs but there are also key differences. The frequency of overlapping symptoms between these diseases could give us more information about the current validity of the diagnosis based on existing diagnostic criteria. Similarities within and between these two disorders in the future, can possibly redefine greater reliability of diagnosis. Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate the frequency of overlapping symptoms between BP and SCH. Methods The sample included 159 patients diagnosed with SCH and 61 with BP who were followed over a two year period. The research was conducted at the UCCS Psychiatric Clinic. Assessment of clinical symptoms and diagnosis were performed using a structured clinical interview (SCID I), a list of operationalized criteria (OPSCRIT), a scale for the assessment of positive and negative symptoms (PANSS), a scale for the assessment of manic symptoms (YMRS). Results The overall PANSS score was significantly higher in patients with SCH compared to patients with BP, but on the general psychopatology there are no significant differences betwen SCH and BP. Symptoms of mania are significantly more pronounced in patients with BP compared to those with SCH. Conclusions Our results of overlapping of individual symptoms between SCH and BP can speak infavor of the theory of disease continuum. And can also help us in understanding symptoms and guide us to develop optimal treatment strategies. Disclosure No significant relationships.

The paper discusses a control strategy that merges position and force control into a single control structure. The structure, denoted as the universal motion controller in our previous work, can be utilized to build a smart actuating system that runs a mechanical system with $n$ degrees of freedom. A smart actuating system has an integrated controller and it can be used in plug-and-play fashion for different trajectory tracking and force control tasks, defined either in configuration space, or in the task space. The only input of the actuating system is the attraction force in configuration space. Based on the attraction force, the smart actuating system is capable of imposing input forces to the mechanical system that will ensure execution of a specified task.

TPS612 Background: The ongoing, multi-center FLEX trial (NCT03053193) began in the United States in 2017, with the ultimate goal of 30,000 patients enrolled. The primary objective is to create a large-scale collaborative registry of early-stage breast cancer patients that links comprehensive clinical and full genome expression data to reveal new prognostic and/or predictive gene signatures. A key secondary objective of the trial is to enable investigator-initiated studies to explore early-stage breast cancer at a relatively low cost to the investigator. Methods: The prospective FLEX trial enrolls patients aged ≥ 18 years with histologically proven stage I-III breast cancer, with negative or 1-3 positive lymph nodes. Eligible patients have received MammaPrint, with or without BluePrint testing as standard of care, and consent to clinically annotated full transcriptome data collection. The FLEX base study protocol permits investigators to submit their own concept proposal, and upon review and approval by the Research and Scientific Review Committees, investigators interrogate clinical and genomic data from the FLEX database. The 10-year enrollment goal is a minimum of 30,000 patients. Since April 2017, 9,170 patients have been enrolled at over 109 sites in the United States. To date, 38 investigator-initiated substudies have been approved and are in progress, and 28 abstracts have been published in the US scientific congresses. To ensure inclusion of diverse populations, patients from local communities and 11 National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers were included. Our diverse data set is helping meet the needs of historically under-represented patients with breast cancer. Of the self-reported ethnicities within the FLEX database, 65% are White or Caucasian, 8% Black or African American, 4% Latin American, and 2% Asian. There are 5 ongoing FLEX sub studies investigating racial disparities. The molecular profiling and differential gene expression analysis in early-stage breast cancer patients of African American, Asian, Hispanic ancestries helps to provide critical insights that correlate tumor biology with treatment outcomes. FLEX is expanding globally with sites anticipated in multiple European countries. The FLEX trial continues to expedite the discovery and development of novel genomic profiles, bringing precision oncology into the clinic to improve breast cancer management. Clinical trial information: NCT03053193.

Abstract Although forensic accounting is a relatively young scientific discipline, it will certainly be one of the most sought after areas in the coming period, and it is important that activities be undertaken for its development and improvement as soon as possible.

Abstract Fraud in accounting, as well as falsification of financial statements, has a long history, and in recent years their scale has been growing and with much more serious consequences. Decisions made by investors and other users of financial statements based on erroneous financial information cause enormous damage to users of financial information, but also to the general public. Many major financial frauds are only detected when companies reach the point of financial collapse, in a situation where it is difficult to do something to repair major damages.

BACKGROUND Orthodontic retention is the most important factor after successful orthodontic treatment. The use of thermoplastic retainers has increased in recent years, but information is lacking about the product materials and orthodontists' awareness of the products they use. The aim of this survey was to map the retention protocols among Scandinavian orthodontists, particularly their use of thermoplastic retainers. Furthermore, the aim was to investigate their knowledge of thermoplastic materials and record any possible adverse effects. METHODS An online questionnaire was prepared, and 667 orthodontists in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark were invited to take the survey. The survey was sent to all members of the national orthodontic associations using Nettskjema in Norway and Microsoft Forms in Sweden and Denmark. Data were collected anonymously and analyzed using chi-square and correlation coefficients. RESULTS Of the 667 orthodontists, 432 (64%) responded (59% female). The most common retention protocol (51%) was fixed retainer in both maxilla and mandible and thermoplastic retainer in the maxilla. Two-thirds of the orthodontists were unaware of the thermoplastic material used, and 58% did not acquire knowledge of the materials. Only 1% of the respondents had registered adverse reactions to thermoplastic retainers, and none were aware of the type of material that was used. CONCLUSIONS Scandinavian orthodontists use similar retention protocols, with the most common being fixed retainer in the mandible and dual retention, fixed, and thermoplastic retainer in the maxilla. Orthodontists' knowledge about thermoplastic materials was insufficient, but adverse effects related to thermoplastic retainer use were rare.

Background: Lipids and lipoproteins are significantly involved in maintaining structural and functional components of the human brain and neurons, but their role in the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD) remains unclear. Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore the differences in the standard and novel lipid profile parameters in patients with AD and VD, stratified by the degree of cognitive impairment (CI). Methods: Present study included 66 patients with AD, 50 patients with VD, and 60 control subjects. For an evaluation of the global cognitive function the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test was used. In order to distinguish patients with VD from those with AD the Hachinski ischemic score was used. Plasma total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein -cholesterol (HDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) levels were determined using standard enzymatic colorimetric techniques, whereas the Friedewald formula was used to calculate low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) levels. The non-traditional lipid indices such as TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C, and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were separately calculated. The differences between the groups were analyzed with the Kruskal Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test or with ANOVA followed by the Tuckey posthoc test. Results: Results of the conducted study have found that the patients in AD group with moderate CI and patients in AD group with severe CI exhibited significantly lower levels of serum TC, TG, LDL-C, VLDL-C, Non- HDL-C, atherogenic index, TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C compared to cognitively normal control subjects. Moreover, patients in VD group with severe and moderate CI had significantly lower level of TG compared to control group of subjects. Our results have also shown that patients in AD group with moderate CI had significantly lower level of TC, TG, LDL-C, Non-HDL-C, atherogenic index, TG/HDL-C, TC/HDL-C compared to VD patients with moderate CI. In addition, patients in AD group with severe CI had significantly lower level of TC, LDL-C, Non-HDL-C and TC/HDL-C compared to VD patients with severe CI. Conclusion: The results of this study have shown dysregulation of lipid metabolism in AD and VD patients with different degree of CI. In both moderate and in severe CI, patients with AD had lower levels of majority of standard and novel lipid parameters compared to patients with VD. Further larger prospective studies are required to elucidate the accuracy of standard and novel lipid parameters in the assessment of different degree of CI in AD and VD.