Neural Combinatorial Optimization approaches have recently leveraged the expressiveness and flexibility of deep neural networks to learn efficient heuristics for hard Combinatorial Optimization (CO) problems. However, most of the current methods lack generalization: for a given CO problem, heuristics which are trained on instances with certain characteristics underperform when tested on instances with different characteristics. While some previous works have focused on varying the training instances properties, we postulate that a one-size-fit-all model is out of reach. Instead, we formalize solving a CO problem over a given instance distribution as a separate learning task and investigate meta-learning techniques to learn a model on a variety of tasks, in order to optimize its capacity to adapt to new tasks. Through extensive experiments, on two CO problems, using both synthetic and realistic instances, we show that our proposed meta-learning approach significantly improves the generalization of two state-of-the-art models.

The Western Balkan region (WB) small and medium enterprises (SMEs) lag behind the EU-28 counterparts in their export activities. The positive influence of the Enterprise Europe Network (EEN) on local business support organisations and the local businesses is identified as a contributing factor to that improvement. To investigate the EEN's role in the export of the WB SMEs in the period 2014-2017, the authors used available statistical data on export from the WB countries. The survey was conducted in three phases, with the samples of 1,463, 222, and 12 companies. Analysed results of the EEN activities in the WB show that EEN had a positive influence on the firms' performance and their international activities;67% of supported firms increased their turnover, 62% increased their market share, and the EEN services had a positive impact on the jobs in 52% of the examined firms. The survey results about the expected and actual impact of the EEN services proved a positive impact of the Network on the five indicators: market improvement, cost savings, job creation or maintenance, quality improvement, and innovation. The paper contains important practical implications for the policymakers and the SME managers alike, and the implications mentioned above are generalisable.

Introduction: Neck pain (NP) may have a local mechanical (non-specific) origin caused by dysfunction of the joint, muscle, and ligament structures in the neck or by a discogenic etiology. Most people (50–60%) suffer from NP at some point in their lives. They are more common in highly developed countries and in urban areas. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of NP and its impact on daily living activities in the student population. Methods: The study included students of the University of Sarajevo - Faculty of Health Studies in the period from May 2021 to June 2021. The sample of respondents was formed by the method of random selection and included respondents of both sexes, aged 19–28 years. The study was conducted as a transversal cross-sectional study at a specific time point on the frequency of NP and the ability to perform activities of daily living in the student population. Results: Out of the total number of 255 respondents, 77 (30.2%) reported that they have NP while 178 (69.8%) respondents reported that they do not feel NP and it was found that there was no statistically significant difference between the age groups of the subjects with and without NP. The study concluded that a higher percentage of respondents with NP did not engage in leisure activities and that respondents with NP had lower mobility in daily life, sleep disturbance, and poorer ability to perform activities of daily living due to NP. Conclusion: The study conducted revealed that a significant percentage of the student population with NP has a lower ability to perform activities of daily living. Considering the above facts and the current transformation of the educational model, in which static postures dominate, it is necessary to design and implement programs for targeted physical activity and prevention of long-term inactivity that leads to painful musculoskeletal syndromes.

Background: The Brixia scoring system interpreted chest X-ray changes, serves as an indicator of the extent of changes in the lung parenchyma Objective: To indicate the effect of D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) on Brixia score in patients with positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Methods: The research had prospective, descriptive and analytical character, and included patients (n=104) with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diagnosis. Chest X-ray, as well as calculation of Brixia score was done on admission, in the first week of hospitalization, on discharge, and 10 days after discharge (the patient was considered a post-COVID patient. Maximum CRP and D-dimer values were taken into account, along with data about dependence of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy. Results: Initial Brixia score was significantly associated with the values of CRP (r = .23, p <.05). Higher level of CRP affected the higher result on the Brixia score after the initial X-ray. High CRP and D-dimer were significantly associated with oxygen use in patients, while high D-dimer was also statistically significantly associated with comorbidity. The mean value of Brixia score (during four time points) was significantly related to the values of CRP, D-dimer, the use of mechanical ventilation and oxygen therapy, but also with the existence of comorbidities. The largest statistically significant positive correlation of Brixia scora is with the values of D-dimer (r = .45, p <.000), but also with the values of CRP (r = .36, p <.000). Conclusion: Values of CRP have an impact on Brixia score. Investigation of clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe clinical presentation of COVID-19 along with CXR scoring system will contribute to early prediction, accurate diagnosis and treatment as well as to improve the prognosis of patients with severe illness.

BACKGROUND Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) can be symptomatic or asymptomatic in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE). The prognostic value of the symptomatic DVT at the presentation regarding the prognosis of PE is unknown. METHODS Data were extracted from the REgional Pulmonary Embolism Registry (REPER) which enrolled 1604 hospitalized patients after multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) diagnosed symptomatic acute PE. According to the ESC risk model, patients were classified into four subgroups. Patients who had leg edema with or without pain, and patients with leg pain and DVT confirmed by compression ultrasound were considered to have symptomatic DVT. This study aims to compare all-cause hospital mortality between patients with symptomatic DVT and patients without symptoms or signs of DVT across the PE risk stratums. RESULTS All-cause mortality in patients with symptomatic DVT compared to those who had no signs or symptoms of DVT were 2/196 (1.0%) vs 11/316 (3.5%), p=0.145, 4/129 (3.1%) vs 17/228 (7.5%), p=0.106, 14/196 (7.1%) vs 54/290 (18.6%), p<0.001 and 16/55 (29.1%) vs 51/139 (36.7%), p=0.402 in patients with low, intermediate-low, intermediate-high and high-risk PE, respectively. In multivariate analysis symptomatic DVT was associated with decreased inhospital mortality only in patients with intermediate-high PE (OR 0.320, 95%CI 0.164-0.627; p=0.001). Intermediate-high risk PE patients with symptomatic DVT who were treated with thrombolysis had significantly lower hospital mortality than patients without signs or symptoms of DVT (2.2% vs. 11.4%, p=0.003). CONCLUSIONS Intermediate-high risk PE patients with symptomatic DVT at presentation may benefit from thrombolysis and have lower hospital all-cause mortality in such circumstances.

Introduction Clozapine is a drug that can cause several side effects. Among the less commonly described is a drug-induced lung disease. Due to its non-specific clinical presentation, it represents a diagnostic challenge. The diagnosis is made based on: 1. Association of exposure to the agent and development of symptoms, 2. Pulmonary infiltration, 3. Exclusion of other causes, 4. Withdrawal of symptoms when the agent is excluded from therapy. To date, there have been only a few descriptions of this condition. Objectives Case report of rare side effect of clozapine. Methods Case report Results Case report: male patient (37) with schizophrenia, was hospitalized after a brutal suicide attempt. The PCR test for COVID-19 that was routinely performed on admission was negative. After the introduction of clozapine into therapy, the patient became febrile. There was a drop in oxygen saturation, a Lung CT scan showed inflammatory changes („ground-glass opacities“), and COVID-19 pneumonia was suspected. Due to the worsening of the mental state, the dose of clozapine was increased. The physical condition further deteriorated: febrile, sO2 declining. After repeated PCR tests for COVID-19 (all negative), interstitial pneumonia caused by clozapine was suspected, and clozapine was excluded from therapy. The physical condition started to improve. Quetiapine was introduced, and occasional episodes of agitation were relieved with intramuscular diazepam. In the following days, the patient’s mental state improved and he was discharged. Conclusions Despite its superiority over other antipsychotics, clozapine was with good rationale ranked third in treatment guidelines for schizophrenia. Disclosure No significant relationships.

Women’s rights have increasingly become an international concern and various in-ternational conventions on women’s rights came into being in the last decades. Bosnia-Herzegovina has signed and ratified all important international conven-tions relating to women’s rights, whereas the numerous women's civil society organ-izations continue to advocate for the proper implementation of conventions while helping women to claim their rights guaranteed in these conventions and locally enacted laws on gender equality. This article, based on interviews conducted be-tween August 2020 and June 2021 with members of women's civil society organiza-tions in Bosnia-Herzegovina, takes a closer look at the process of norm diffusion. In particular, this article aims to contribute to the understanding of the processes of norm implementation and the related challenges from the perspective of women’s civil society organizations in the specific context of Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Pathological gambling and alcoholism are addictions with many common characteristics. Unfortunately, this suggests that a person who is prone to developing an addiction very often develops another addiction, or addictive behavior, over time. In this way, a person with a gambling problem can very often develop an addiction to alcohol, just as an alcoholic can develop a pathological gambling problem over time. Factors influencing the development of addiction, alcoholism in gamblers or gambling in alcoholics, are not only characteristics of an individual prone to addiction, but also external, social factors; gambling sites most often include bars while many bars have gambling machines. In this case report, we present one such example, through all stages of its development to treatment, and this includes diagnosis, treatment and post-hospital follow-up. The treatment for these addictions differs, because alcoholism also requires detoxification. However, when realistic and achievable goals are set, as well as triggers identified and the person's awareness is enhanced, alongside educating and engagement of the individual through functional and adequate behaviors, treatment can be very successful. The probability of relapse exists in both forms of addiction, however, it increases significantly if a person has both addictions.

Self-inserted urethrovesical foreign bodies are rare in children. A 7-year-old boy inserted a hairpin into the urethra seven days before admission, a diagnosis that was made on the basis of the appearance of blood in the urine, palpation of the base of the penis and two directional X-ray imaging. Cystourethroscopy and suprapubic cystotomy were used to remove the foreign body.The presentation of urethrovesical foreign bodies can vary widely, as can the type of object inserted. Definitive treatment is usually the endoscopic removal, however occasionally surgical intervention may be required. Our novel approach enabled less traumatic removal of the hairpin