The human population is growing every year and naturally so is the need for resources. The most essential resource, water, is in danger of scarcity, both from pollution and increased use. The aim of this study is to reduce the usage of drinkable water in the agriculture sector with the use of Artificial Intelligence, specifically for green areas of undemanding flora (grass in front of buildings, houses, etc.). Conventional ways of irrigation for these green areas are human-operated, regulated by a scheduled timer, sensor directed, or some combination of those. Sensor-directed irrigation with the help of humans has proven to be efficient. This study will show how artificial intelligence replaces sensors and human labor. Using soil moisture sensors, and weather station data (rainfall, humidity, wind strength, wind direction, temperature), the artificial neural network is trained first to show with which data soil moisture data correlates the most, and after that with the data collected for one month is trained to know what is the relative moisture of soil based on current weather station data, so we can set the trigger for the irrigation system to start irrigating the fields. With this study, the need for human labor in means of controlling irrigation and sensor maintenance will be cut out, so a much cheaper and more efficient model for irrigation is achieved.

Systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease (SSc-ILD) is rare, poorly understood, with heterogeneous characteristics resulting in difficult diagnosis. We aimed to systematically review evidence of soluble markers in peripheral blood or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) as biomarkers in SSc-ILD. Method Five databases were screened for observational or interventional, peer-reviewed studies in adults published between January 2000 and September 2021 that assessed levels of biomarkers in peripheral blood or BALF of SSc-ILD patients compared with healthy controls. Qualitative assessment was performed using Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklists. Standardised mean difference (SMD) in biomarkers were combined in random-effects meta-analyses where multiple independent studies reported quantitative data. Results 768 published studies were identified; 38 articles were included in the qualitative synthesis. Thirteen studies were included in the meta-analyses representing three biomarkers: KL6, SP-D and IL-8. Greater IL-8 levels were associated with SSc-ILD in both peripheral blood and BALF, overall SMD 0.88 (95% CI 0.61 to 1.15; I2=1%). Greater levels of SP-D and KL-6 were both estimated in SSc-ILD peripheral blood compared with healthy controls, at an SMD of 1.78 (95% CI 1.50 to 2.17; I2=8%) and 1.66 (95% CI 1.17 to 2.14; I2=76%), respectively. Conclusion We provide robust evidence that KL-6, SP-D and IL-8 have the potential to serve as reliable biomarkers in blood/BALF for supporting the diagnosis of SSc-ILD. However, while several other biomarkers have been proposed, the evidence of their independent value in diagnosis and prognosis is currently lacking and needs further investigation. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021282452.

We consider the problem of maximum-likelihood estimation in linear models represented by factor graphs and solved via the Gaussian belief propagation algorithm. Motivated by massive Internet of Things (IoT) networks and edge computing, we set the above problem in a clustered scenario, where the factor graph is divided into clusters and assigned for processing in a distributed fashion across a number of edge computing nodes. For these scenarios, we show that an alternating Gaussian belief propagation (AGBP) algorithm that alternates between inter- and intracluster iterations, demonstrates superior performance in terms of convergence properties compared to the existing solutions in the literature. We present a comprehensive framework and introduce appropriate metrics to analyze the AGBP algorithm across a wide range of linear models characterized by symmetric and nonsymmetric, square, and rectangular matrices. We extend the analysis to the case of dynamic linear models by introducing the dynamic arrival of new data over time. Using a combination of analytical and extensive numerical results, we show the efficiency and scalability of the AGBP algorithm, making it a suitable solution for large-scale inference in massive IoT networks.

We use simplicial complexes to model simple games as well as weighted voting games where certain coalitions are considered impossible. Topological characterizations of various ideas from simple games are provided, as are the expressions for Banzhaf and Shapley-Shubik power indices for weighted games. We calculate the indices in several examples of weighted voting games with unfeasible coalitions, including the U.S. Electoral College and the Parliament of Bosnia-Herzegovina.

We use simplicial complexes to model simple games as well as weighted voting games where certain coalitions are considered impossible. Topological characterizations of various ideas from simple games are provided, as are the expressions for Banzhaf and Shapley-Shubik power indices for weighted games. We calculate the indices in several examples of weighted voting games with unfeasible coalitions, including the U.S. Electoral College and the Parliament of Bosnia-Herzegovina.

This paper presents an overview of advances in estimation of the biofouling state of fish cages as a part of the HEKTOR (Heterogeneous Autonomous Robotic System in Viticulture and Mariculture) project. Firstly, the developed framework for biofouling estimation is shown and explained in brief. A method using k-means clustering for labeling images of fish cages is outlined. It is followed by results of machine learning approaches for automatic inferring of semantic meaning of pixels in an image trained on a recorded dataset using said outlined method. Furthermore, a brief overview and results of contour detection on images classified by trained machine learning models are given. Moreover, a method of feature-based monocular camera distance estimation constrained by assumptions of the viewing angle is presented. All mentioned methods and algorithms fit together in order to produce an estimation of how biofouled the observed net is. The successfulness of the estimation depends on the viewing conditions while filming the cages. In good conditions the results are satisfactory and could be used by industrial fisheries in place of human labour. All the developed algorithms are fast enough so that the entire process from start to finish takes less than 1 second.

Global urbanization is advancing, and with it, the densification of cities. Due to increased sealing of open spaces and the re-densification of existing urban settings, green spaces in the city are becoming scarcer. At the same time, greening within the urban fabric is known for its positive effects on the environment and decisively counteracts the urban heat effect. This study deals with the benefits of green façades for the environment as a cooling measure. Two façade greening systems, one trough and one cassette system, consisting of curtain wall elements with a basic metal structure, installed at a south-facing outdoor wall of a school building in Vienna, Austria, were taken under metrological examination. In order to evaluate the cooling effect caused by evapotranspiration, the amount of water evaporated was calculated using the difference of inflow and outflow. Furthermore, the surface temperatures of the greened and non-greened walls were measured to display the influence of the interaction of shading and evapotranspiration on the surrounding microclimate. The investigated vertical greening system with an area of 58 m2 has an average evaporation capacity of 101.38 L per day in the summer. The maximum surface temperature difference was measured to be 11.6 °C.

Palliative care is an approach to the comprehensive care of a patient suffering from a chronic, incurable disease when the curative methods of treatment have been exhausted.

When developing products or performing experimental research studies, the simulation of physical or logical systems is of great importance for evaluation and verification purposes. For research-, and development-related distributed control systems, there is a need to simulate common physical environments with separate interconnected modules independently controlled, and orchestrated using standardized network communication protocols.The simulation environment presented in this paper is a bespoke solution precisely for these conditions, based on the Modular Automation design strategy. It allows easy configuration and combination of simple modules into complex production processes, with support for individual low-level control of modules, as well as recipe-orchestration for high-level coordination. The use of the environment is exemplified in a configuration of a modular ice-cream factory, used for cybersecurity-related research.

Peer violence and school safety have always been relevant topics in society. After the tragedy that occurred at the “Vladislav Ribnikar” Elementary School in Belgrade, these issues have gained special significance and received great public attention. The loss of innocent children’s lives has prompted a reassessment of past practices in schools regarding school safety. The aim of this paper is to analyze problems related to peer violence in the Republic of Srpska. Subsequently, the authors address the issue of school safety in a broader context and, finally, discuss the justification for educating students in the field of security culture in primary and secondary schools in the Republic of Srpska.

Vršnjačko nasilje i bezbjednost u školi oduvijek su bile aktuelne teme u društvu. Nakon tragedije koja se desila u Osnovnoj školi „Vladislav Ribnikar“ u Beogradu ta pitanja su dobila poseban značaj i veliku pažlju javnosti. Gubici života nevine djece povod su preispitivanja dosadašnjih praksi u školama u vezi sa bezbjednosti u školama. Cilj ovog rada je da se analiziraju problemi u vezi sa vršnjačkim nasiljem u Republici Srpskoj. Nakon toga autori se bave pitanjem bezbjednosti škola u širem kontekstu i na kraju razmatraju opravdanost obrazovanja učenika iz oblasti bezbjednosne kulture u osnovnim i srednjim školama u Republici Srpskoj .

Enteric viruses are commonly found obligate parasites in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. These viruses usually follow a fecal-oral route of transmission and are characterized by their extraordinary stability as well as resistance in high-stress environments. Most of them cause similar symptoms including vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In order to come in contract with mucosal surfaces, these viruses need to pass the three main lines of defense: mucus layer, innate immune defenses, and adaptive immune defenses. The following atypical gastrointestinal infections are discussed: SARS-CoV2, hantavirus, herpes simplex virus I, cytomegalovirus, and calicivirus. Dysbiosis represents any modification to the makeup of resident commensal communities from those found in healthy individuals and can cause a patient to become more susceptible to bacterial and viral infections. The interaction between bacteria, viruses, and host physiology is still not completely understood. However, with growing research on viral infections, dysbiosis, and new methods of detection, we are getting closer to understanding the nature of these viruses, their typical and atypical characteristics, long-term effects, and mechanisms of action in different organ systems.

The subject of this paper is the criminal-legal aspects of corruption in Bo- snia and Herzegovina. The author’s intention is to divert your attention and point out the legal and social specifics of corruption as legal and social phenomenon that under special attention of scientific, expert and gene- ral public for a reason. Respectfully, there is no area of human action or interaction that is immune to corruption. However, the institutional re- action of state to this criminality must be adequate and proportional to the needs of research and evidence in order to achieve desired results of criminal judiciary. Special attention is directed to the problem of defini- tion and understanding corruption with all its complex dimensions and the inability to coordinate one universal and comprehensive definition of this term. Also, this essay emphasizes problems of complexity of revealing the existence of these criminal acts and the aspect of verifying, i.e. proving the existence of these corruptive actions, while appreciating restrictive law conditions, materials and process.

Predmet ovog rada su krivično-pravni aspekti korupcije u Bosni i Herce- govini, te intencija autora da skrenu pažnju i ukažu na određene pravne i društvene specifičnosti korupcije, kao pravnog i društvenog fenomena koji sa razlogom zavređuje posebnu pažnju naučne, stručne i opšte jav- nosti. Uvažavajući da ne postoji ni jedna oblast ljudskog djelovanja koja je imuna na korupciju, državna institucionalna reakcija na ovaj krimi- nalitet mora biti adekvatna i srazmjerno potrebna realnim otkrivačkim i dokaznim potrebama u cilju postizanja adekvatnih rezultata krivičnog pravosuđa. U vezi s naprijed navedenim, posebna pažnja je usmjerena na problem definisanja i shvatanja korupcije, cijeneći njegovu složenost i nemogućnost usaglašavanja jedne univerzalne i sveobuhvatne defini- cije ovog pojma. Takođe, u radu su apostrofirani problemi koji se odno- se na kompleksnost otkrivanja postojanja ovih krivičnih djela kao i na aspekt utvrđivanja, odnosno dokazivanja koruptivnih krivičnih djela, cijeneći restriktivne zakonske uslove materijalne i procesne prirode.