Extracranial internal carotid artery aneurysms (EICAAs) can lead to serious medical conditions, such as stroke or compression over cranial nerves. In very few cases, there may be hemorrhagic complications due to the rupture. Although rare, they should be suspected cause in every patient with transitory ischemic attack or stroke, especially in the presence of pain, palpable mass or bruit in the neck.

Technoeconomic, environmental and safety criteria generally affect the management of metallic and non-metallic mining operations. The first basic question that needs to be addressed when planning ore mining is which methods are adequate and what is the optimal mining technology? Due to the complex geologic framework of ore deposits, geological exploration has rendered synonymous the inherent uncertainties, vagueness, and inaccuracies. As a result, subjective evaluation by engineers and expert experience have become increasingly important. Given that the natural language used by miners and geologists is most suited for relaying knowledge and expressing opinions, the paper tests a fuzzy optimization methodology that uses linguistic variables. Consequently, extent analysis is applied to fuzzy AHP by means of triangular fuzzy numbers to arrive at a decision about the optimal mining technology. The entire procedure constitutes an integrated mine management system, which will contribute to sustainable production in the future. A case study to which the model was applied is presented in the paper.

Aim To compare interleukin-2 levels (IL-2) and IL-2 gene site 1 methylation levels between preterm newborns (PN) and full-term newborns (FN) and investigate their association with the environmental exposure of their mothers during pregnancy. Methods IL-2 and IL-2 gene site 1 methylation levels were assessed in 50 PN and 56 FN. Newborns’ mothers filled in questionnaires about their living and occupational environments, habits, diets, and hobbies. Results The mothers of PN were significantly more frequently agrarian/rural residents than the mothers of FN. PN had significantly higher IL-2 levels, and significantly lower methylation of IL-2 gene site 1 levels than FN. Conclusion IL-2 levels, hypomethylation of the IL-2 gene site 1, and the mother’s rural residence (probably due to pesticide exposure) were predictive biomarkers for preterm birth. For the first time, we present the reference values for the methylation of IL-2 gene site 1 in PN and FN, which can be used in the clinical setting and biomonitoring.

All human genes undergo alternative splicing leading to the diversity of the proteins. However, in some cases, abnormal regulation of alternative splicing can result in diseases that trigger defects in metabolism, reduced apoptosis, increased proliferation, and progression in almost all tumor types. Metabolic dysregulations and immune dysfunctions are crucial factors in cancer. In this respect, alternative splicing in tumors could be a potential target for therapeutic cancer strategies. Dysregulation of alternative splicing during mRNA maturation promotes carcinogenesis and drug resistance in many cancer types. Alternative splicing (changing the target mRNA 3'UTR binding site) can result in a protein with altered drug affinity, ultimately leading to drug resistance.. Here, we will highlight the function of various alternative splicing factors, how it regulates the reprogramming of cancer cell metabolism, and their contribution to tumor initiation and proliferation. Also, we will discuss emerging therapeutics for treating tumors via abnormal alternative splicing. Finally, we will discuss the challenges associated with these therapeutic strategies for clinical applications.

Context: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic lung diseases and is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a heterogeneous and multisystemic disease. Aims of the study was to assess workability of patients with COPD in relation to the workplace. Settings and Design: Prospective study. Methods and Material: The study was conducted on 150 patients with COPD. Each patient was examined by an occupational medicine specialist and a standardized COPD Questionnaire was completed. A physical examination was performed with special emphasis on auscultatory findings on the lungs. Spirometric testing was performed. Using the statistical methods, the results of the parameters of temporary (number of lost working days) and permanent incapacity (exercised right to some kind of disability) of the examined group were analyzed. Statistical Analysis Used: Descriptive statistics. SPSS 10.0. Results of the study showed that out of 150 patients, 48.67% had preserved working capacity for jobs. There are mostly jobs without special working conditions. Out of 150 patients, 51.33% had reduced working capacity for jobs. Conclusions: These are mostly workplaces with special working conditions, where respondents are exposed to the harmfulness of the workplace. Reduced working capacity was found in 51.33% of examined simple.

Illegal dumping of waste material is present in almost all local communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including in the areas of urban and rural local communities of the City of Tuzla. Uncontrolled waste dumping at the landfields, as the illegal dumping, are created by dumping different types of waste material in areas that are not intended for waste material disposal. These are areas that are usually next to roads with less traffic, or in the immediate vicinity of roads where access is possible for motor vehicles with a lower load capacity. Illegal landfills have a direct negative impact on the living environment from several aspects. Primarily, watercourses and soil are polluted, the ambient space is disturbed, and by attracting animals, there is the possibility of infections that are dangerous for the population. Waste materials in illegal landfills are often deliberately set on fire, which causes additional problems of air pollution with smoke and gases resulting from combustion, as well as the possibility of fire outbreaks, especially in forest areas. In the current practice, illegal waste landfills did not have scientific and professional interest because they are often of a temporary nature and were not considered interesting from the aspect of the scientific approach to defining landfills by different classifications. This paper defines the classification of illegal landfills in the spheres of data processing possibilities of interest for the treatment of illegal waste landfills, and the experimental definition of the classification was confirmed on the example of the recording and analysis of illegal waste landfills in the local community of Kiseljak, City of Tuzla in the phase of implementing the project „Inclusive development of Kiseljak community for improvement of social and economic aspect of citizens, emphasizing Roma population“, finance by Foundation of Tuzla community, Tuzla. The basis of the classification is made up of repetitive local waste landfills, while permanent regional waste landfills are not the subject of research and classification since there are already known classifications for permanent waste material landfills. Consent for the publication of the paper was given by the Tuzla Community Foundation, which financed the referral research within the project "Inclusive development of the Kiseljak community, for the improvement of the social and economic aspects of the citizens' life, especially the Roma", implemented by the Tuzla Community Foundation in partnership and financial support of the Freudenberg Foundation and the German Federal Ministry for External Development (BMZ).

Abstract Introduction Evidence-based prevention and health promotion will be supported by practice-relevant evidence registries. The Green List Prevention provides an overview of evidence-based prevention programs for children and youth in Germany. It was modeled after the U.S. Blueprints for Healthy Youth Development in the context of the Communities That Care community prevention system. Programs are reviewed for conceptual, implementation, and evaluation quality and are categorized into three levels of evidence: (1) effectiveness theoretically well established, (2) ∼ likely, (3) ∼ proven. The Green List Prevention is used in communities, at state and national levels, and research. This paper provides insight into its content, keywording and enhancements. Methods To characterize the evidence-based programs, an inductive-deductive procedure was used to form 14 super- and 33 subcategories with 226 characteristic attributes. Based on these, all registry entries were categorized and summarized descriptively. Results The 100 programs listed (4/2023) address not only the primary target group of children and adolescents, but also secondary target groups (mainly teachers n = 53, guardians n = 46, educators n = 19) and are located in different environments (mainly school n = 61, family n = 28, kindergarten n = 23). Behavioral prevention on violence including bullying n = 64, addiction n = 47 and mental health n = 34 are in the foreground; topics such as nutrition (n = 3) and physical activity (n = 2) are little represented. Social and life skills programs (n = 61) and training for guardians (n = 25) are listed particularly often. Conclusions The Green List Prevention provides an overview of effective prevention and health promotion interventions for different contexts. Its current expansion to rate environmental and behavioral prevention measures on nutrition and physical Key messages • The Green List Prevention enables stakeholders to make a targeted selection of evidence-based programs and offers practice-relevant information e.g. main focus, program formats, implementation. • The evidence register Green List Prevention supports evidence-based prevention and health promotion in Germany.