Abstract Introduction: Bones, lungs, brain and liver are the most common metastatic sites of breast carcinoma, although invasive lobular carcinoma can give metastases to less common sites, such as the gastrointestinal tract and the female genital tract. Case presentation: We present the case of a 57-year-old female with colic abdominal pain that was sent to surgery for cholecystectomy. Histopathology revealed a poorly cohesive individual or in single file neoplastic cells infiltrating all layers of the gallbladder. Immunohistochemistry revealed these cells to be CK 116, CK7, GCDFP-15, ER and PR positive, and CK20, HER-2, S-100 and E-cadherin negative. PET/CT showed numerous lytic bone lesions, but ultrasound, mammography, MRI and PET/CT revealed no breast mass. Conclusion: Although rare and poorly understood, metastases of invasive lobular carcinoma to gallbladder do exist in a minor percentage of patients, presenting usually as exacerbated cholecystitis. The problem are silent cases and patients with no history of breast carcinoma. This case is unique in that even after the diagnosis of metastatic lobular breast carcinoma to the gallbladder, the primary tumour of the breast was not detected.

In the process of creating composites, especially if we talk about wood-based composites, great attention should be paid on a variety of factors which affect the final composite properties.One of the essential elements is proper adhesive selection. Most common used are synthetic formaldehyde adhesives. We are aware how dangerous emission of free formaldehyde can be; we tend to minimize its usage. Using adhesives which are safe for the environment and humans as well, we tend to find safer composites which are ecologically acceptable and recognized as a better option.The paper briefly describes the adhesives used so far and their dangers, and selects several types of adhesives with basic characteristics that can meet the requirements for the production of ecologically acceptable composite panels, with an emphasis on wood-based composites. Certain tests and achievements in the development of these adhesives are also presented.

It is known from theory and practice that the workability of wood depends on structural parameters that are closely related to the physical, mechanical and chemical properties of the type of wood itself, and disturbance parameters that refer to the technological and geometric parameters determined by the specific processing regime. That machinability, in addition to the mechanical output sizes, is often expressed by the quality, that is, the roughness of the processed surface. By defining a mathematical model in the process of planing solid wood in which the input sizes are processing parameters: wood density (ρ), feed rate (m/min) and number of cutting spirals (z), and the spilled sizes are praamters of roughness of the treated surface (Ra and Rz), and by applying optimization methods, optimal solutions for the process of planing solid wood on planer machines will be determined, so that the obtained Yoptim model will aim to improve the workability of solid wood, specifically its roughness of the processed surface.

Abstract This paper presents a method for distributed generation (DG) allocation in medium voltage (MV) distribution system based on energy loss minimization. The main objective of the research is to design, implement and test a DG allocation (siting and sizing) method and to investigate how optimal DG allocation influence the operational parameters of the system from the Distribution System Operator (DSO) perspective. The problem is formulated as a single objective optimization problem solved by using both genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization techniques. Model of a realistic Electric Power Distribution System (EPDS) and IEEE 37-bus EPDS are used as test systems. The results confirm that proposed algorithms can be used for practical DG allocation. The research presented contributes to the field as it provides a DG allocation method for energy loss reduction performed on a EPDS which can be applied in realistic planning and regulatory situations using open-source software.

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical behavior of beech and fir finger joints under laboratory conditions. The samples were manufactured using a 9 mm finger joint with glued surfaces, in accordance with the EN 14 080 standard. Polyurethane adhesive of class D3, commonly used for the production of exterior wooden structures in Bosnia and Herzegovina, was applied to the samples. The specimens were subjected to destructive four-point bending tests according to the BAS EN 408 standard, and the achieved bending strength was statistically evaluated and compared to the results of unglued samples.

The focus of the authors’ interest is the criminal offense of embezzlement in the service, which we classify in the catalogue of corrupt criminal offences, by its nature, operationalization method, consequences and other specificities. In addition, it is a criminal offense from the catalogue of premeditated criminal offenses, so the paper pays due attention to the interconnection and cumulative conditionality of objective and subjective elements, that is, the action of execution and the subjective component. Special attention is directed to the discovery of the existence of this criminal offense, i.e. the realistic discovery possibilities and capacities, then the objectivesubjective concept based on the legal description of this criminal offense, and the aspect of gathering the necessary evidence in connection with establishing the existence of the criminal offense and guilt, considering the restrictive legal requirements. The complexity of discovering and proving this criminal offense arises from the very nature of this criminal offense and certain specificities that are directly related to the way it is operationalized. The criminal law autonomy and independence, as well as the clear differentiation of this criminal offense in relation to other related criminal offences, are emphasized in order to avoid (possible) wrong identifications, and with the aim of a better and more comprehensive understanding of the very nature of this criminal offence

Abstract Islanded microgrids with low-inertia distributed energy resources (DERs) are prone to frequency fluctuations. With the increasing integration of DERs in microgrids, the complexity of control and stability has also increased. Moreover, the integration of DERs into microgrids may result in a power imbalance between energy supply and demand during sudden changes in load or energy generation. This can cause frequency variations in the microgrid, which could have disastrous consequences such as equipment damage or even blackouts. This paper proposes a control strategy to ensure the efficient operation of an islanded hybrid microgrid consisting of a PV generator, battery energy storage system (BESS), and emergency diesel generator. According to Energy Exchange Model proposed in this paper, the hybrid system presented operates independently without being connected to the electrical grid, where the PV system and BESS act as the main energy sources, while the emergency diesel generator provides active power backup with voltage and frequency regulation. The novel in this paper is also that DER aids in frequency regulation during active power transients by delivering and absorbing active power in accordance with the inverter's suggested P droop control strategy. In this way inverter droop control decreases system frequency nadir emulating so called “synthetic inertia”. To design both the islanded hybrid system and the proposed control strategy, the MATLAB/Simulink environment is utilized. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the analyzed microgrid system is capable of maintaining stability and operating efficiently in a range of operating conditions.

Abstract Voltage unbalance is common issue encountered in low voltage distribution networks, caused by uneven allocation of single-phase customers among phases. This paper analyses part of real low voltage distribution network in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The impact of single-phase customers and single-phase connected micro photovoltaic power plants (MPPP-s) were analysed. To reduce unbalance and improve voltage profiles, Phase Balance Optimization toolbox in DIgSILENT PowerFactory software was performed in six scenarios with different distribution of customers and different percentage of penetration of MPPS-s. The aim was to find method with least number of changes in customer and photovoltaic phase connection that fits within defined limits of voltage variations and voltage unbalance of European standard for power quality (EN 50160). Conclusion is that MPPP-s cause voltage increases in the network, as well as an increase in voltage unbalance, but these effects can be mitigated by proper distribution of customer loads and MPPS-s among phases.

This paper is about the parameter identification of an energy based hysteresis model from measurements by employing automatic differentiation and neural networks. We first introduce the energy based hysteresis model and the parameters which are to be identified. Then we show how the model can benefit from automatic differentiation. After that we incorporate a parametrization of the energy based hysteresis model via distribution functions and identify the parameters of the distribution function. Then, the hysteresis model is sampled and the generated datasets are used to train neural networks to predict the hysteresis parameters. The described methods are tested and verified on synthetic as well as measurement data.

Abstract In the dynamic field of power systems, integrating distributed generation (DG) sources like solar photovoltaic (PV) plants is crucial for enhancing reliability and fostering sustainability. However, this integration poses voltage profile management challenges in electrical grids. This study investigates voltage profile optimization in Bosnia and Herzegovina’s Gračanica network, focusing on a medium voltage feeder with 68 buses. Using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software, six scenarios with different configurations of solar plants are analyzed for their impact on voltage profiles and power losses. Results show that while DG integration offers benefits, incorrect sizing or placement can increase power losses. Optimal DG benefits are linked to specific sizes and locations. This research emphasizes the need for balancing PV generation with load demands and provides insights for optimal PV plant size and output to minimize negative impacts. These findings aid energy planners and policymakers in implementing distributed solar PV in medium voltage networks.

Open access implies the idea of scientific information dissemination over the Internet that is free to the end user. The higher education and university libraries’ mission is to connect people and information, and the goals of open access help librarians respond to users' information queries more quickly. This paper presents the basic concepts of open access with an emphasis on creating an open access journal through ten steps. The open access portal at the University of Sarajevo is also presented within the paper, as well.

Due to their exceptional properties and cost effectiveness, polyamides or nylons have emerged as widely used materials, revolutionizing diverse industries, including industrial 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM). Powder-based AM technologies employ tonnes of polyamide microplastics to produce complex components every year. However, the lack of comprehensive toxicity assessment of particulate polyamides and polyamide-associated chemicals, especially in the light of the global microplastics crisis, calls for urgent action. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of polyamide-12 microplastics used in AM, and assessed a number of toxicity endpoints focusing on inflammation, immunometabolism, genotoxicity, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, endocrine disruption, and cell morphology. Specifically, microplastics examination by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that work flow reuse of material created a fraction of smaller particles with an average size of 1-5 µm, a size range readily available for uptake by human cells. Moreover, chemical analysis by means of gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry detected several polyamide-associated chemicals including starting material, plasticizer, thermal stabilizer/antioxidant, and migrating slip additive. Even if polyamide particles and chemicals did not induce an acute inflammatory response, repeated and prolonged exposure of human primary macrophages disclosed a steady increase in the levels of proinflammatory chemokine Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL-8). Moreover, targeted metabolomics disclosed that polyamide particles modulated the kynurenine pathway and some of its key metabolites. The p53-responsive luciferase reporter gene assay showed that particles per se were able to activate p53, being indicative of a genotoxic stress. Polyamide-associated chemicals triggered moderate activation of AhR and elicited anti-androgenic activity. Finally, a high-throughput and non-targeted morphological profiling by Cell Painting assay outlined major sites of bioactivity of polyamide-associated chemicals and indicated putative mechanisms of toxicity in the cells. These findings reveal that the increasing use of polyamide microplastics may pose a potential health risk for the exposed individuals, and it merits more attention.

BACKGROUND Regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA) is considered a sensitive and specific marker of ischemia during stress echocardiography (SE). However, ischemia is a multifaceted entity associated with either coronary artery disease (CAD) or angina with normal coronary arteries (ANOCA), a distinction difficult to make using a single sign. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic potential of the ABCDE-SE protocol for CAD detection. METHODS From the 2016-2022 SE-2030 study data bank, we selected 3229 patients (age= 66±12 years, 2089, 65% males), with known CAD (n=1792) or ANOCA (n= 1437). All patients were studied with both ABCDE-SE protocol and with coronary angiography, within 3 months. Step A assesses RWMA; step B, B-lines/diastolic function; step C, left ventricular contractile reserve; step D, coronary flow velocity reserve (CFVR) in the left anterior descending artery; step E, heart rate reserve. RESULTS SE response ranged from score 0 (all steps normal) to score 5 (all steps abnormal) . In CAD, the rate of abnormal results was 347 for A (19.4%), 547 (30.5%) for B, 720 (40.2%) for C, 615 (34.3%) for D, and 633 (35.3%) for E step. In ANOCA, the rate of abnormal results was 81 (5.6%) for A, 429 (29.9%) for B, 432 (30.1%) for C, 354 (24.6%) for D, and 445 (31.0%) for E step. The dominant "solitary phenotype" was step B in 109 (9.1%) patients. CONCLUSION Stress-induced ischemia presents with a wide range of diagnostic phenotypes, highlighting its complex nature. Utilizing a comprehensive approach such as the advanced ABCDE score, which combines multiple markers, proves to be more valuable than relying on a single marker in isolation.

SUMMARY The aim of the study was to determine changes in body mass index (BMI) and in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Serbian adult population. Data for this study were obtained from three National Health Interview Surveys, carried out as cross-sectional, nationally representative surveys in 2000, 2006 and 2013. The values of p for trends of sociodemographic and health related behavioral characteristics, of BMI distribution, and of overweight and obesity prevalence were determined by univariate and multivariate linear and logistic regression analyses, with year of survey as a continuous variable. The mean values of BMI and standard deviations in surveys were 26.09±3.92, 26.28±4.02 and 26.87±4.33 in men, and 25.91±5.25, 25.77±5.22 and 26.35±5.58 in women, respectively (trend p<0.001 both). The prevalence of obesity was 14.3%, 16.5% and 21.4% in men, and 20.0%, 19.7% and 23.3% in women, respectively (trend p<0.001 both). The prevalence of overweight did not change significantly during the observed period. In conclusion, the prevalence of obesity showed an increasing trend in both men and women, demanding targeted public health interventions.

BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies suggest that the maternal diet quality during pregnancy may influence the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. Here we investigated the associations between maternal intake of dietary fiber and ADHD symptoms in early childhood. METHODS We used longitudinal data of up to 21,852 mother-father-child trios (49.2% females) from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. The relationships between maternal fiber intake during pregnancy and offspring ADHD symptoms at ages three, five, and eight years were examined using: a) multivariate regression (overall levels of ADHD symptoms), b) latent class analysis (subclasses of ADHD symptoms by sex at each age), and c) latent growth curves (longitudinal change in offspring ADHD symptoms). Covariates were ADHD polygenic scores in child and parents, total energy intake and energy-adjusted sugar intake, parental ages at birth of the child, and socio-demographic factors. RESULTS a) Higher maternal prenatal fiber intake was associated with lower offspring ADHD symptom scores at all examined ages (βage3=-0.14(95%CI -0.18, -0.10); βage5=-0.14(-0.19, -0.09); βage8=-0.14(-0.20, -0.09)). b) Of the derived low/middle/high subclasses of ADHD symptoms, fiber was associated with lower risk of belonging to middle subclass for boys and girls, and to high subclass for girls only (middle: ORboys 0.91(0.86-0.97)/ORgirls 0.86 (0.81-0.91); high ORgirls 0.82 (0.72-0.94)). c) Maternal fiber intake and rate of change in child ADHD symptoms across ages were not associated. CONCLUSIONS A low prenatal maternal fiber intake may increase symptom levels of ADHD in childhood, independently of genetic predisposition to ADHD, unhealthy dietary exposures, and socio-demographic factors.