Aim To investigate the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pulmonary embolism, as well as to determine the prognostic value of troponin, D-dimer, prothrombotic, and proinflammatory markers in patients with T2DM. Methods The retrospective cohort study included 305 patients with pulmonary embolism, divided into two groups: the first group with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=165) and the control group without type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=140). Data were collected from May 2018 to May 2023. In all patients the following parameters were analysed: anthropometric parameters, laboratory parameters (troponin, D-dimer, CRP, fibrinogen, uric acid, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides), arterial blood pressure, antiphospholipid antibodies, HOMA-IR index, CT angiography of the pulmonary artery, rate of adverse clinical events in pulmonary embolism (need for inotropic catecholamine support, fibrinolysis, cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and the rate of intrahospital mortality from pulmonary embolism. Results Patients with T2DM had elevated troponin, D-dimer, CRP, uric acid, fibrinogen, HOMA-IR and more severe clinical complications with higher mortality rates within 10 days of hospital admission. Significant predictors of PE in T2DM patients were found. Patients with pulmonary embolism in T2DM had a 4.38 times higher chance of death compared to patients with pulmonary embolism without T2DM. Conclusions Troponin, D-dimer, prothrombotic, and proinflammatory markers have good prognostic value for short-term outcomes in PE among patients with T2DM.

The objective of this paper was to present basic clinical characteristics and outcomes of treating Covid 19 patients during the second wave of the pandemic. In the retrospective study for the period from September 2020 to February 2021 it was analyzed disease history data and radiological lung changes, time from the initial start of the disease until hospitalization, parameters of blood gas analysis, comorbidities, and the outcome. The research covered 409 patients, out of which 263 (64.3%) were males. Average age was 67.07± 12.44 years (min. 20; max. 93). A high comorbidities prevalence (82.9%) was noticed out of which arterial hypertension (69.2%), diabetes mellitus (37.7%) and obesity (24.7%). On the radiological lung scan the most noticed changes were consolidation (46.2%), “ground glass” (41.3%) and interstitial changes (13%). Bilateral lung infiltration was noticed in 91.9% of the patients. Average oxygen saturation was 84.29%±10.28% (min. 35; max. 98; med. 87%). In patients with unilateral lung infiltration, average oxygen saturation was 85.09%±8.60% (med. 89%, min.61% max 98%), while in patients with bilateral lung infiltration average was 84.22%±10.42% (med. 87%, min. 35%, max. 98%). From the total all patients’ death was noticed in 35.7% cases. Morbidity of patients with unilateral lung infiltration was 27.3% and in patients with unilateral infiltration 36.4%. Hospital admission in the first week of the disease indicates the severity of the clinical condition and can be a predictor of poor outcome. Bilateral pulmonary infiltration, obesity and diabetes mellitus are risk factors for high mortality.

Background: The association between diabetes mellitus type 2 (T2DM) and pulmonary embolism (PE) is still unclear. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic value of prothrombotic, proinflammatory markers, and troponin for pulmonary embolism and its complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: The retrospective cohort study included 294 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus divided into two groups: (a) the first group with pulmonary embolism (n=165); (b) the control group without pulmonary embolism (n=129). The data were collected from May 2018 to May 2023. In all patients we analyzed: anthropometric parameters, laboratory parameters (troponin, D-dimer, CRP, fibrinogen, uric acid, glucose, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides), arterial blood pressure, antiphospholipid antibodies, HOMA-IR index, CT angiography of the pulmonary artery, rate of adverse clinical events in pulmonary embolism (need for inotropic catecholamine support, fibrinolysis, cardiopulmonary resuscitation) and rate of intrahospital mortality from pulmonary embolism. Results: Troponin levels were significantly higher in the PE group compared to the non-PE group (p = 0.002). D-dimer, CRP, uric acid, fibrinogen and HOMA- IR were significantly elevated in the PE group compared to the non-PE group (p < 0.001). Patients with pulmonary embolism in T2DM proved to have significantly more in-hospital death within 10 days of hospital admission (p<0.001), compared to patients with T2DM, without pulmonary embolism. Conclusion : Prothrombotic, proinflammatory markers, and troponin have good prognostic value for short-term outcomes in PE among patients with T2DM.

OBJECTIVE The objective of this work was to determine the quality of life in patients with heart failure using the SF-36 and Minnesota questionnaire and to determine the importance of applying Framingham criteria as predictors of the value of these questionnaires. PATIENTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study analyzed the quality of life in 120 subjects of both sexes and all age groups suffering from heart failure, according to the severity of clinical presentation. Subjects were divided into 4 equal groups according to NYHA classification of heart failure. Selection of subjects was made using the Framingham criteria for confirming already diagnosed heart failure. Control group included 30 patients not suffering from heart failure. Quality of life was assessed by use of the SF-36 and Minnesota questionnaire. RESULTS In the study population of 150 subjects, there were 76 (51%) male and 74 (49%) female subjects divided into 4 NYHA groups of 30 subjects (20.0%) and control group of 30 subjects (20.0%). The analysis of within-group sex representation yielded no statistically significant difference (chi2 = 1.70, df = 4; p = 0.79). There was no statistically significant between-group age difference either (ANOVA, F = 0.74; p = 0.57). The values of SF-36 and Minnesota score expressed as median in the control and 4 NYHA groups were 98.6, 90.76, 70.14, 36.45 and 25.41 (Ht = 116.84; p < 0.0001) and 0.0, 0.47, 1.64, 2.99 and 3.42 (Ht = 113.42; p < 0.0001), respectively. The correlation coefficient r between heart failure NYHA classes expressed in the values of SF-36 and Minnesota score was r = -0950; p < 0.0001 and r = 0.931; p < 0.0001, respectively. The correlation coefficient r between the number of major and minor Framingham criteria and the values of SF-36 and Minnesota score was r = -0.790, -0.660; p < 0.0001 and r = 0.774, 0.671; p < 0.0001, respectively. CONCLUSION The findings suggested that the quality of life in patients with heart failure was impaired and associated with the severity of clinical presentation, and that Framingham criteria could serve as significant predictors of the value of SF-36 and Minnesota scores and quality of life in patients with heart failure.

Acute pancreatitis is a rare but life-threatening complication in patients with transplanted kidney. The incidence of acute pancreatitis after kidney transplantation ranges from 2% to 7%, with mortality rate between 50 and 100%. We report a case of a female patient aged 46 years, developing an interstitial acute pancreatitis 8 years following a renal transplantation. The specific aethiological factor was not clearly established, although possibility of biliary pancreatitis with spontaneous stone elimination and/or medication-induced pancreatitis remains the strongest. Every patient after renal transplantation with an acute onset of abdominal pain should be promptly evaluated for presence of pancreatitis with a careful application of the most appropriate diagnostic procedure for each individual patient.

INTRODUCTION Post-transplantational hypertension is one of the most important factors which has negative influence on survival of a graft and a patient. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of donor's age on hypertension and the outcome in living-related transplantation of the kidney. METHODS The research included 52 recipients of the graft, 30 women and 22 men who received living-related kidney graft in 5 years period. In experimental group there were recipients of grafts who's donors were 55 and older, and in control group recipients of graft who's donors were younger than 55. Age and sex of the donor, glomerular filtration rate of the donated kidney, previous dialysis treatment, kidney disease and number of months after transplantation were monitored. Blood pressure was measured once a day and average monthly value was assessed. Creatinine clearance was valuated once in six months. Functional kidney graft after 60 months was considered the one with serum creatinine < or = 150 micromol/l. Statistical analysis included t-test, Fisher's exact test, chi-square test, Kaplan- Meier curve and multivariant logistic regresion. RESULTS Experimental group included 23 examinees who received grafts from donors 55 years old and above (18 men and 5 women, average age 34.86 +/- 6.54, who have been treated for 35.33 +/- 37.59 months), and control group of 29 examinees from donors younger than 55 (16 men and 13 women, average age 31.69 +/- 10.5, who have been treated for 21.03 +/- 25.59 months). Average age of the donors in experimental group was 62.43 +/- 4.10 and 45.31 +/- 5.24 in control group. Mean creatinine clearance of the donated kidneys was 47.87+/- 10.5 ml/min in experimental group and 51.19 +/- 10.1 ml/min in the control (p = 0.005). Sixty months after transplantation graft was functional in 32.69% recipients of the experimental group and in 82.75% recipients of the control group. The average systolic blood pressure in experimental group was 146 +/- 20.00 mmHg, and in the control group 129 +/- 16.00 mmHg (p < 0.001). Average diastolic blood pressure was 90 +/- 11.00 mmHg in experimental group, and 83 +/- 10.00 mmHg in the control (p < 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Donor age has significant influence on long-term survival of the kidney graft in the living-related transplantation. Survival of the graft in examinees without hypertension is significantly longer. Treatment of post-transplatational hypertension is one of the most important tasks in the treatment of patients with transplanted kidney.