We compute the first gravimetric geoid model for Bosnia and Herzegovina (BHG2022) based upon the KTH method and additive corrections. The BHG2022 is computed with the help of 34,820 terrestrial gravity points and a digital elevation model produced by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. The gravity data is gridded onto a 0.02 arc-degree resolution via the nearest neighbour interpolation method. ITU_GGC16 and ITG-Grace2010 models are utilised to provide long wavelengths of gravity field up to 280 and 180 maximum degree/order in the geoid computation, respectively. On the basis of an external evaluation by 609 Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)-levelling points homogeneously distributed over the country, the accuracy of the BHG2022 is estimated to be 5.65 cm absolutely. This is the most precise geoid model ever seen in this territory. The result highlights the significant effect of all gravity data obtained from various sources on the accuracy of the geoid model.

The economic and technical requirements of current changes in the distribution system are reflected in the use of all available resources and the activation of mechanisms for local use of flexibility. Local flexibility markets are evolving and face numerous obstacles for which appropriate solutions must be found. The local flexibility market will be complemented by the development of a local flexibility register, which will contain all relevant information about the flexibility assets necessary for the efficient operation of the local flexibility market. In this paper, interpretation and quantification of the flexibility sources location on the flexibility service in the distribution grid is given. The information is derived from power flow simulation results and finally written down in the form of line coefficients, which are determined by applying the least squares method to the power flow results. We have developed a Python-based simulator to perform the methodology to determine the information and test it on a realistic medium voltage distribution grid in Bosnia and Herzegovina. This paper confirms the approximate linearity of the active power changes on the demand side to the line load and to the voltage at the nodes for a given operating condition of the distribution grid.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.795841.].

Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a genetically determined early-onset progressive encephalopathy caused by mutations leading to overexpression of type I interferon (IFN) and resulting in various clinical phenotypes. A gain-of-function (GOF) mutation in the IFIH1 gene is associated with robust production of type I IFN and activation of the Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of the transcription (STAT) pathway, which can cause AGS type 7. We detail the clinical case of an infant who initially presented with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP), had recurrent respiratory infections, and was later treated with a JAK inhibitor, baricitinib, because of a genetically confirmed GOF mutation in the IFIH1 gene. This spectrum of IFIH1 GOF mutations with overlapping features of hyperinflammation and severe opportunistic infection, which mimics combined immunodeficiency (CID), has not been described before. In this case, therapy with baricitinib effectively blocked IFN-α activation and reduced STAT1 signaling but had no effect on the progression of the neurological disease.

ABSTRACT Background The aim of this study was to identify trends in total, deceased donor (DD) and living donor (LD) kidney transplantation (KT) rates in European countries. Methods The European Renal Association (ERA) Registry and the Global Observatory on Donation and Transplantation (GODT) databases were used to obtain the number of KTs in individual European countries between 2010 and 2018. General population counts were obtained from Eurostat or the national bureaus of statistics. The KT rate per million population (p.m.p.) and the average annual percentage change (APC) were calculated. Results The total KT rate in the 40 participating countries increased with 1.9% annually [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.5, 2.2] from 29.6 p.m.p. in 2010 to 34.7 p.m.p. in 2018, reflecting an increase of 3.4 p.m.p. in the DD-KT rate (from 21.6 p.m.p. to 25.0 p.m.p.; APC 1.9%; 95% CI 1.3, 2.4) and of 1.5 p.m.p. in the LD-KT rate (from 8.1 p.m.p. to 9.6 p.m.p.; APC 1.6%; 95% CI 1.0, 2.3). The trends in KT rate varied widely across European countries. An East–West gradient was observed for DD-KT rate, with Western European countries performing more KTs. In addition, most countries performed fewer LD-KTs. In 2018, Spain had the highest DD-KT rate (64.6 p.m.p.) and Turkey the highest LD-KT rate (37.0 p.m.p.). Conclusions The total KT rate increased due to a rise in the KT rate from DDs and to a lesser extent from LDs, with large differences between individual European countries.

The purpose of the study is to scientifically substantiate the positive influence of football on the physical and intellectual development of athletes. Material and methods. When conducting experimental research, a student questionnaire was first conducted to identify the success of studies and the specific interests of students who play football, play other sports, and students who do not play sports at all. 82 fifth-grade students of schools No. 38, 49 took part in the survey. The formative experiment was conducted on the basis of Kindergarten No. 38, in the fifth grades. It was found that the largest percentage of the total number of students are those engaged in other sports (58.5%). A large number are students who do not play any sports (34.10% of the total number of students). The smallest percentage was found among students who play football (7.3% of the total number of students). Results. It has been established that among the students who play football, there are absolutely no students who study at the first level of competence (in the final grades there are grades of 1-3 points on a 12-point scale), 33.3% are those whose academic success is level 2 competence (among the final grades there are grades of 4-6 points), and the largest percentage are students studying at the third level of competence (66.7%) (among the final grades there are no grades below 7 points). Among the students who are engaged in other sports, there are also absolutely no students who study at the first level of competence. Among students who do not play sports, the largest number of those who study are dissatisfied and satisfied. This shows that playing sports, both football and other sports, provide conditions for improving academic performance Conclusions. The obtained data indicate that the practice of sectional work on football provides conditions for the combined physical, intellectual and artistic development of children, about the possibility of a comprehensive all-round influence on the process of child development through the use of effective means of comprehensive development of children.

The presence of plastic waste in large quantities in the environment is a major problem and therefore a challenge for many researchers to examine the most effective methods of their disposal. In this paper, the source of microplastic and its hazardous effect on human health and interactions of plastics with plants were studied. Due to the specific physical-chemical features of micro- and nano-plastics, they are ideal candidates for the adsorption of organic pollutants, pathogens and heavy metals. The uptake and accumulation of nanoplastics by plants, adsorption studies, and bioaccumulation are shown here. In addition, recent research on the interaction of polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics with plants has been discussed. Many studies have shown that the most affected part of the plant was the roots, followed by leaves, shoots, and then the stem. Nanoplastics are found to be more harmful than microplastics due to permeation through the biological membranes of plants, while microplastics adhere to leaves.

Key Points Question Is the recent use of direct oral anticoagulants (confirmed ingestion within 48 hours) associated with increased risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage following intravenous thrombolysis for ischemic stroke? Findings In this cohort study including 33 207 patients with ischemic stroke who received intravenous thrombolysis at 64 centers in Europe, Asia, Australia, and New Zealand, the risk of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage was lower among the 832 patients taking direct oral anticoagulant treatment compared with controls with no anticoagulation. This result was consistent among subgroups and different selection strategies. Meaning This study found insufficient evidence of excess harm associated with the use of off-label intravenous thrombolysis in selected patients who had taken a direct oral anticoagulant within the previous 48 hours.

SUMMARY Maize, the most common energy feed ingredient in poultry diets, has a high starch proportion in the grain endosperm, ranging from 65 to 75% in various hybrids. The rate and extent of digestion are major determinants of maize starch nutritive value. Starch digestion follows the first-order kinetics, and according to the digestibility kinetics, starch can be divided into rapidly digestible (RDS), slowly digestible (SDS), and resistant starch (RS). Different intrinsic and extrinsic features of maize grain affect the rate and extent of starch digestibility. Differences in starch granule composition, such as amylose-to-amylopectin ratio, crystallisation, association with lipids and zeins, as well as shape, size and presence of surface pores affect starch digestibility kinetics. More so, an important factor affecting digestion is grain processing. Particle size affects feed intake, the passage of bolus and susceptibility to enzyme-starch binding, while hydrothermal processing leads to starch gelatinisation. However, too high temperatures can lead to RS formation. This review summarises the available literature data on factors identified as crucial in the digestibility kinetics of maize starch.

: The effect of emotions and personalisation on continuance use intentions in online health services is underexplored. Accordingly, we propose a research model for examining the impact of emotion- and personalisation-based factors on cancer website reuse intentions. We conducted a study using a real-world NGO cancer-support website, which was evaluated by 98 participants via an online questionnaire. Model relations were estimated using the PLS-SEM method. Our findings indicated that pre-use emotions did not significantly influence perceived personalisation. However, satisfaction with personalisation, and perceived usefulness mediated by satisfaction, increased reuse intentions. In addition, post-use positive emotions potentially influenced reuse intentions. Our paper, therefore, illustrates the applicability of theory regarding continuance use intentions to cancer-support websites and highlights the importance of personalisation for these purposes.

The Night Watch, painted in 1642 and on view in the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, is considered Rembrandt's most famous work. X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) mapping at multiple length scales revealed the unusual presence of lead(II) formate, Pb(HCOO)2, in several areas of the painting. Until now, this compound was never reported in historical oil paints. In order to get insights into this phenomenon, one possible chemical pathway was explored thanks to the preparation and micro-analysis of model oil paint media prepared by heating linseed oil and lead(II) oxide (PbO) drier as described in 17th century recipes. Synchrotron radiation based micro-XRPD (SR-µ-XRPD) and infrared microscopy were combined to identify and map at the micro-scale various neo-formed lead-based compounds in these model samples. Both lead(II) formate and lead(II) formate hydroxide Pb(HCOO)(OH) were detected and mapped, providing new clues regarding the reactivity of lead driers in oil matrices in historical paintings.

This article presents a novel circuit configuration of a high-voltage direct current circuit breaker (HVdcCB) test bench that is based on a modified H-bridge modular multilevel cascaded converter (MMCC). The modified MMCC is composed of fewer H-bridge cells, and it can be reconfigured during operation to allow the proposed test bench to output large current or high voltage for the current breaking and dielectric withstand tests. Although simultaneous output of large current and high voltage is not possible, the maximum transient interrupt voltage (TIV) withstand test can be performed with reduced ratings. The controllable output allows generation of complex waveforms to simulate a wide range of fault conditions. Furthermore, the modified MMCC has some inherent safety features that can reduce the need for additional protective equipment in case of operational failure of the HVdcCB. In contrast, the conventional charged capacitor and inductor-based designs cannot generate arbitrary waveforms, are only suitable for current breaking tests, and require additional circuits to generate initial conditions for the HVdcCB. AC short-circuit generator-based designs offer one degree of freedom for control of the output waveforms and can sustain the maximum TIV withstand test. However, the ac output is unsuitable for the dielectric withstand test, and additional circuits are required to provide initial conditions for the HVdcCB. The proposed test bench circuit configuration is verified using a downscaled experimental test bench that consists of a total of nine H-bridge cells with an equivalent switching frequency of 92.5 kHz.

Abstract:In order to address the research gaps on climate finance dynamics in developing countries, especially those with low governance scores, this study assesses the 2016–2020 bilateral climate finance to these countries. The total disbursed bilateral climate finance was US$1.3 billion (92 percent for mitigation, 7 percent for adaptation, and 1 percent for mitigation and adaptation simultaneously). Development-focused loans were the prevailing financial instrument cumulatively, and grants were the prevailing instrument on a per-country level. Japan was the biggest provider of bilateral climate finance (US$1 billion) to fund Uzbekistan's natural gas-fired electric power plants. All major bilateral climate finance providers ranked high on governance scores compared to the ten examined countries. Countries examined in this study will need to receive higher amounts of bilateral climate change finance in order to improve their readiness to address this issue and reduce their vulnerability to climate change impacts.

Simple Summary The treatment outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer vary greatly, and serious side effects are often observed. Being able to predict therapy effects is therefore crucial for choosing the best treatment option for each patient. In this study, we developed an assay to evaluate how head and neck tumor cells respond to radiation and chemotherapy. Treatment of thin patient-derived cancer tissue slices in the laboratory (in vitro) resulted in large differences in individual tumor’s reactions to treatment. In the sensitive tumors, cancer cells repaired the DNA damage inflicted by therapy only partially, stopped multiplying, and showed increased levels of cell death. On the other hand, resistant tumors were able to recover from the damage caused by the treatment. The next crucial step is to investigate whether the differences we observed in vitro can indeed predict the treatment outcomes; this is currently being tested in an ongoing clinical trial. Abstract Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) displays a large heterogeneity in treatment response, and consequently in patient prognosis. Despite extensive efforts, no clinically validated model is available to predict tumor response. Here we describe a functional test for predicting tumor response to radiation and chemotherapy on the level of the individual patient. Methods: Resection material of 17 primary HNSCC patients was cultured ex vivo, irradiated or cisplatin-treated, after which the effect on tumor cell vitality was analyzed several days after treatment. Results: Ionizing radiation (IR) affected tumor cell growth and viability with a clear dose-response relationship, and marked heterogeneity between tumors was observed. After a single dose of 5Gy, proliferation in IR-sensitive tumors dropped below 30% of the untreated level, while IR-resistant tumors maintained at least 60% of proliferation. IR-sensitive tumors showed on average a twofold increase in apoptosis, as well as an increased number and size of DNA damage foci after treatment. No differences in the homologous recombination (HR) proficiency between IR-sensitive and –resistant tumors were detected. Cisplatin caused a decrease in proliferation, as well as induction of apoptosis, again with marked variation between the samples. Conclusions: Our functional ex vivo assay discriminated between IR-sensitive and IR-resistant HNSCC tumors, and may also be suitable for predicting response to cisplatin. Its predictive value is currently under investigation in a prospective clinical study.