Rad se bavi obradom instituta tužbe u kontekstu odnosa prema tuženiku od same forme i sadržaja tužbe, dostave tuženiku na odgovor te procesno-pravnih posljedica nedostavljanja odgovora na tužbu. Cilj istraživanja je rekonstrukcija instituta tužbe i dostavljanja odgovora na tužbu kroz prizmu nastupanja litispendencije i raspravnog načela u zadarskom srednjovjekovlju u razmatranju sudskih spisa zadarske Curia maior ciuilium u razdoblju od 1358. do 1409. U radu se na početku obrađuje institut tužbe u rimskom postupku da bismo mogli usporediti na koji način u srednjovjekovnom zadarskom građanskom postupku je reguliran sadržaj tužbe, forma, dostavljanje i odgovor na tužbu. Na kraju rada dajemo prikaz de lege lata uređenja odnosa tužbe i odgovora na tužbu u hrvatskom parničnom postupku.

The increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) emission causes climate change, which manifests itself through global warming, so the reduction of CO2 emissions is considered an important challenge for environmental protection. Road traffic is one of the main anthropogenic sources of CO2, as well as other gases that cause the greenhouse effect, so traffic is designated as one of the main causes of global warming. This situation has led to thinking about strategies to reduce CO2 emissions from road traffic. This paper considers the impact of road traffic on CO2 emissions, including various aspects of traffic such as fuel types, vehicle types and efficiency, traffic infrastructure and strategies to reduce its emissions. For this purpose, the results of research published in the last decade were summarized and compared. Based on the presented results, it is noticeable that CO2 emission is a necessary companion of road traffic and that it increases along with the increase in the number of vehicles and the use of fossil fuels, but also that significant efforts are being made to reduce its emission. The work provides the basis for further research and development of strategies that affect the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, which will reduce the greenhouse effect and global warming.

U radu je istaknuta uloga Univerziteta u Sarajevu – Prirodno-matematičkoga fakulteta kao baštinske institucije i vrijednost njegova arhiva u istraživanju razvoja prirodnih i matematičkih znanosti u Bosni i Hercegovini. Posebna je pažnja posvećena vrednovanju registraturnoga (dokumentarnoga) gradiva u dijelu arhiva koji je u Studentskoj službi Prirodno-matematičkoga fakulteta uporabom elektroničkog (“automatiziranog”) sustava rada studentskih službi na Univerzitetu u Sarajevu. Dokumentacijskom i komparativnom metodom utvrđen je nestanak jednoga dijela dokumenata iz digitalnoga arhiva koji svjedoče o svakodnevnom životu Fakulteta i jednoga dijela njegove populacije, čime su oni isključeni iz društvenoga sjećanja, i čije postojanje još uvijek čuva tzv. “tiskani arhiv” Studentske službe, s gradivom u konvencionalnom, papirnatom obliku. Također, nazire se tendencija potpunoga nestanka pojedinih povijesno važnih podataka iz oba arhiva. Taj je nestanak izravna posljedica digitalne revolucije i položaja čovjeka u postdigitalnom dobu, kao i položaja arhiva Studentske službe Fakulteta i njegova utjecaja na percepciju stvarnosti i bogatstvo kulturnoga nasljeđa Bosne i Hercegovine.

<p><em>Tourism is a widespread and enduring global phenomenon, driven by a variety of motives, including religion. Travel has multiple benefits, particularly in terms of an individual's spiritual progress, even when not explicitly motivated by religious purposes. The paper examines the cultural and Islamic-religion dimensions of tourist journeys while taking into account contemporary geographical and tourism science approaches as well as Islamic perspectives. A comparative analysis established the major values of tourism travels (geographic and cultural awareness, religious belief, socialization, and material advantage), with a focus on Muslims' spiritual upliftment. The paper provides strategies for planning travel while taking into account the rights of Muslim women and their ability to engage in tourism while honoring the perspectives of the Islamic community in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Demonstrative examples highlight how specific visits may produce a profound impression and enhance social cohesion or an individual's behavior.</em></p>

The burden of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity consequences caused by gentamicin warrants preventive therapeutic measures. Our aim was to evaluate combined and potentially synergistic effects of rosuvastatin and curcumin, both possessing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, compared to their monotherapies in a gentamicin-induced model of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity. In a randomized, controlled study, 36 male Wistar rats were allocated to six groups and treated for 5 days: negative control group received solvent, model group gentamicin (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneally), treatment groups gentamicin and via orogastric tube either standard-dose rosuvastatin (5 mg/day), reduced-dose rosuvastatin (1.25 mg/day), curcumin (100 mg/kg), or combination of reduced-dose rosuvastatin and curcumin. Human rosuvastatin doses were converted to rat doses using the conversion factor of 6.2. Functional outcomes evaluated by Preyer pinna reflex for hearing and a vestibular battery test were complemented by renal and cochlear histology, biochemical biomarkers of injury, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Gentamicin induced proximal tubular necrosis and cochlear and vestibular damage. Compared to monotherapies, combination therapy significantly preserved renal architecture, improved renal biomarkers, reduced early inflammatory biomarkers, preserved cochlear architecture and drove vestibular protection. It also alleviated gentamicin-induced cardiotoxicity. Rosuvastatin provided stronger auditory protection, with reduced-dose rosuvastatin superior to standard-dose in preserving vestibular function. Bliss independence modelling showed that combined therapy synergistically inhibited kidney injury and inflammation. In conclusion, the combination of reduced-dose rosuvastatin and curcumin outperforms both monotherapies in alleviating gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity, audiotoxicity and vestibulotoxicity, whilst synergistically attenuating nephrotoxicity and early-phase inflammation in rats. These findings highlight promising preventive strategies against aminoglycoside nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity.

Background: Football is a sport that requires a high level of technical, tactical, and motor skills, with particular emphasis on agility, speed, explosive strength, and flexibility. The development of these abilities depends on biological maturity, training experience, and individual factors, which affect player performance across different age categories. Purpose: The aim was to examine and compare the level of motor abilities between football players of FC GOŠK Gabela (Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina) in the junior (U19) and senior (U25) age categories, focusing on key elements such as agility, speed, explosive and repetitive strength, as well as flexibility. Method: The sample consisted of 22 players from the same club, divided into two groups by age category: 11 juniors (U19) (body height = 181.56 ± 5.74 cm; body weight = 73.29 ± 6.40 kg; BMI = 22.21 kg/m²) and 11 seniors (U25) (body height = 184.98 ± 5.97 cm; body weight = 77.35 ± 5.70 kg; BMI = 22.55 ± 0.38 kg/m²). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and differences between groups were determined using an independent t-test for small samples. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Mean Difference and 95% Confidence Intervals were also calculated to further assess the significance and effect size of the detected differences (Cohen’s d). Results: Seniors achieved significantly better results in agility tests (Illinois and Zig-Zag tests) and the 60-meter sprint, while differences in other tests were statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Differences in upper body explosive strength (medicine ball throw) and flexibility were not significant, although seniors showed slightly better average values. Conclusion: The obtained results indicate that biological maturity and longer training experience significantly influence the improvement of motor abilities, especially agility and speed over longer distances.

This review explores the intersection of gender, geography, and sustainability by examining the role of women in the blue economy across Europe’s Outermost Regions (ORs). Despite growing recognition of the blue economy’s role in sustainable development, there is limited understanding of how women participate in these sectors at the geographic periphery of the European Union. Using publicly available data from Eurostat, INSEE, ISTAC, and other national portals, we analyze employment patterns through a gender lens, supported by qualitative insights from case studies in regions such as the Azores, Réunion, and Guadeloupe. Due to the scarcity of disaggregated blue economy data, general labor force participation is used as a proxy, highlighting both opportunities and visibility gaps. Theoretically grounded in feminist political ecology and intersectionality, the review identifies key barriers, including data invisibility, occupational segregation, and structural inequalities, as well as resilience enablers such as women-led enterprises and policy interventions. We conclude with targeted recommendations for research, policy, and practice to support inclusive blue economies in ORs, emphasizing the need for better data systems and gender-sensitive coastal development strategies.

Natural plant oils are commonly used in skincare products for their emollient properties. Plum seed oil is a promising cosmetic ingredient since it represents a sustainable material derived from fruit processing waste, recognized in the CosIng Database for its skin-conditioning function. The aim of this study was to incorporate plum seed oil into a topical emulgel and assess its biophysical effects on the skin. An in vivo study on healthy volunteers evaluated the safety (irritation potential) and long-term efficacy (impact on biophysical skin parameters during 28-day application) of emulgel containing 6% (w/w) plum seed oil as a natural emollient and active ingredient. Results showed that plum seed oil exhibited no irritation potential during a 24-hour safety assessment since transepidermal water loss (TEWL) decreased (p <0.05), and erythema index didn’t change significantly. Results of 28-day efficacy study suggested, potential anti-irritant effects after long-term usage. In addition, pH, skin integrity and skin color were preserved during the study, while skin hydration was increased. To our knowledge, this is the first study to employ non-invasive biophysical methods to assess the influence of plum seed oil in cosmetic formulations. These findings point plum seed oil’s potential as a natural, sustainable, safe and effective raw material for cosmetics.

<p>Rad, ali i nastojanje koji su poduzeti izvan rada, predstavljaju uvertiru analiziranju stanja i perspektiva socijalne pedagogije u zemljama Evropske unije i Bosne i Hercegovine. S ciljem jednog konkretnijeg, jezgrovitijeg, ali i pragmatičnijeg i vi&scaron;e informisanog zagovaranja za socijalnu pedagogiju u Bosni i Hercegovini, akumulacijom teorijskog i na praksi utemeljenog kapitala socijalne pedagogije, Bosna i Hercegovina potrebuje za stručnom praksom socijalne pedagogije. Socijalna pedagogija, ali i druge komplementarne i temeljne pomagačke znanosti i struke u Bosni i Hercegovini, nisu imale značajne teorijske i istraživačke pomake od kraja rata, a koje bi se nametnule kao socijalno-politički bitnima. Paradigmatska revolucija koja bi započela iz socijalne pedagogije, čini se da bi inovirala odgojno-obrazovne programe koji su nerijetko sredstvo u funkciji obespravljivanja. To bi se rezonovalo i na socijalnu politiku koja negira sudjelujuće odlučivanje i kvazi model deficita koji je samo inačica medicinskog modela tretiranja osoba različitih sposobnosti u Bosni i Hercegovini.</p>

Entrepreneurship in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has long been shaped by institutional instability, political volatility, and repeated shocks. This paper synthesizes findings from 42 studies to examine how entrepreneurs in this region navigate uncertainty. The systematic coding process revealed recurring themes, including institutional fragility, political involvement, responses to external shocks, digital innovation, migrant and cultural entrepreneurship, long-term reforms, and regional development. Evidence shows that entrepreneurs in CEE rely less on formal institutions and more on trust-based networks, pragmatic approaches to innovation, and practices rooted in identity. Events such as pandemics and the Ukraine war have exposed existing vulnerabilities, but also highlighted the adaptive strategies, including increased digital engagement and refugee entrepreneurship. Overall, entrepreneurship serves as both a coping mechanism amid crises and a catalyst for transformation in transitional economies. Based on these insights, the paper proposes strategies for institutional reforms, digital skills enhancement, and inclusive support systems.

Univerzitet u Sarajevu – Građevinski fakultet

We report an infrequent case of a full-term male neonate presenting with a large congenital hernia of the umbilical cord (6 cm × 6 cm) containing only the entire left lobe of the liver. Prenatal ultrasonography suggested an omphalocele; however, the definitive postnatal diagnosis was established based on the presence of a narrow rim of normal skin encircling the umbilical ring and the proximal umbilical cord. Primary closure of the fascial defect was achieved successfully, with no intraoperative or postoperative complications observed. The patient recovered well postoperatively and was discharged in stable condition. Accurate differentiation from an omphalocele is crucial for appropriate management. Unlike omphaloceles, congenital hernias of the umbilical cord (CHUC) typically do not require extensive genetic or cardiac evaluation, and their surgical repair is generally less complex. However, awareness of atypical presentations of CHUC can aid in timely diagnosis, guide surgical planning, and improve clinical outcomes.