We chart new-physics models that produce exotic, high-multiplicity muon decays featuring prompt or displaced $e^+e^-$ pairs and/or photons, with or without missing energy, such as $\mu \to 5e$, $\mu \to 7e$, etc. Starting from an effective-field-theory perspective, we estimate the reach on the ultraviolet scale and identify conditions under which lower-multiplicity modes are suppressed or occur at comparable rates. We then construct explicit realizations in minimal dark-sector models with light, feebly interacting particles, such as flavor-protected scalars, dark photons, inelastic dark matter, and axion-like particles. The predicted novel signatures can be probed at MEG II and Mu3e, as well as during calibration runs of COMET and Mu2e. A future discovery would provide valuable insights into short-distance dynamics and the mechanism of lepton-flavor symmetry breaking.

In computational cardiology, a paradigm shift has occurred with the transition from static cardiovascular risk assessment to dynamic, customized modeling. A hybrid conceptual framework for AI-based digital twins is presented in this paper, which combines simulation models informed by physics and datadriven perception models in a synergistic way. For conditions like myocardial infarction and stroke, this strategy seeks to provide previously unheard-of possibilities for disease prediction, real-time cardiovascular monitoring, and customized treatment optimization. Key elements of the framework include graph neural networks (GNNs) for modeling vascular topology, physicsinformed neural networks (PINNs) for hemodynamic analysis, and multi-scale mathematical underpinnings. We illustrate a crucial first step toward the realization of a comprehensive digital twin that is based on physiological first $p$ rinciples a nd responsive to real-time data by validating the data-driven perception module.

This study aims to determine the antioxidant and antibacterial potential of aqueous extracts of six different plant species, which are widely used in traditional medicine: Salvia officinalis L., Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds., Urtica dioica L., Rosmarinus officinalis L., Rubus fruticosus L. and Achillea millefolium L. The samples were collected in the Tuzla region between March and July 2025. All of the mentioned plants are important in traditional medicine and have been previously reported to have biological activity. The antioxidant activity was tested by the DPPH and FRAP methods, while the antibacterial potential was tested by the diffusion technique on reference bacterial strains from the WDCM collection. The extracts showed high antioxidant activity, with nettle and sage extracts showing the most potent in neutralizing DPPH radicals. Weak to moderate antibacterial activity was recorded in the case of nettle, sage, mint and rosemary extracts, and a complete absence of activity in the case of yarrow and blackberry leaf extracts.

This paper presents the development and validation of a computation model of a cascaded multilevel power inverter as an initial step toward creating a high-fidelity digital twin. A preliminary overview of the cascaded multilevel inverter topology is provided, followed by introducing a mathematical modeling approach that uses graph theory to derive the system's nodal equations. The computation model is implemented in a programmable environment, and its output is compared to the MATALB/Simulink-based simulation, which serves as a reference for performance evaluation. The evaluation is performed using the mean square error (MSE) metric to quantify the accuracy of the proposed model. Results indicate a close agreement between the computation model and simulation data, confirming the model's potential for integration into future real-time digital twin architectures for power converter control and diagnostics.

BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may negatively affect health-related physical fitness. However, the development of interventions to improve health-related physical fitness and thereby disease outcomes is hindered by insufficient evidence. This study compared health-related physical fitness between patients with IBD and healthy control subjects, examined associations with disease and treatment characteristics, and explored patients' perspectives. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 105 patients with IBD and 102 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects performed validated tests for body fat (4-site skinfold thickness), cardiorespiratory fitness (steep ramp test), muscular strength (steep ramp test, 60-second sit-to-stand test, hand-held dynamometry), muscular endurance (isokinetic dynamometry), and flexibility (sit-and-reach test). Data on disease and treatment characteristics, fatigue, physical activity, and patients' perspectives were collected. RESULTS Patients with IBD had higher body fat (29.5% vs 26.9%; P = .012), lower steep ramp test performance (peak work rate 4.2 W/kg vs 4.8 W/kg; P < .001), fewer sit-to-stand repetitions (42 vs 47; P = .002), and reduced hamstring strength (3.0 N/kg vs 3.2 N/kg; P = .011) compared with healthy control subjects. This was associated with higher age, female sex, higher body mass index, fatigue, arthritis, and multiple biologicals used. Most patients considered physical fitness important and beneficial for their symptoms, and the majority expressed interest in professional support. CONCLUSIONS Patients with IBD have higher body fat and reduced cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength compared with healthy control subjects. Especially, patients with a higher age, female sex, higher body mass index, fatigue, arthritis, or multiple biologicals used are at risk for such impairments and may benefit from physical exercise interventions.

Abstract Objective In underdeveloped countries, allergic disease prevalence is low but rising in developing countries, while in developed countries, it remains high and stable. This study assessed prevalence and risk factors among schoolchildren in southern region of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). Methods A cross-sectional study (2020) included 1851 children: 937 aged 6–8 years and 914 aged 11–13 years. Data related to asthma, allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and associated risk factors were collected using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) questionnaire. Results Diagnosed asthma prevalence was 1.8% in children aged 6–8 years and 2.4% in 11–13 years. Allergic rhinitis was diagnosed in 5.5 and 10.4%, respectively, significantly higher in older children (p < 0.001). Atopic dermatitis prevalence was 16.6% in 6–8 years and 11.8% in 11–13 years, higher in younger children (p = 0.003). Asthma and allergic rhinitis were more common in boys, while atopic dermatitis was more frequent in girls. Asthma was negatively associated with egg consumption and daycare attendance, while furry animal contact, synthetic pillows, and maternal allergic rhinitis increased risk. Allergic rhinitis was associated with maternal smoking during pregnancy, parental allergic rhinitis, and bird contact. Atopic dermatitis was positively related to maternal atopic dermatitis, bird contact, air conditioning, and daycare attendance, whereas sponge pillow use, room sharing, and dog contact appeared protective. Conclusion In this region, asthma prevalence was low, allergic rhinitis moderate, and atopic dermatitis high. Broader studies across BiH are needed to monitor trends and guide prevention.

Neural operators have emerged as powerful tools for learning nonlinear mappings between function spaces, enabling real-time prediction of complex dynamics in diverse scientific and engineering applications. With their growing adoption in engineering design evaluation, a wide range of neural operator architectures have been proposed for various problem settings. However, model selection remains challenging due to the absence of fair and comprehensive comparisons. To address this, we propose and standardize six representative 3D industry-scale engineering design datasets spanning thermal analysis, linear elasticity, elasto-plasticity, time-dependent plastic problems, and computational fluid dynamics. All datasets include fully preprocessed inputs and outputs for model training, making them directly usable across diverse neural operator architectures. Using these datasets, we conduct a systematic comparison of four types of neural operator variants, including Branch-Trunk-based Neural Operators inspired by DeepONet, Graph-based Neural Operators inspired by Graph Neural Networks, Grid-based Neural Operators inspired by Fourier Neural Operators, and Point-based Neural Operators inspired by PointNet. We further introduce practical enhancements to adapt these models to different engineering settings, improving the fairness of the comparison. Our benchmarking study evaluates each model strengths and limitations in terms of predictive performance, computational efficiency, memory usage, and deployment complexity. The findings provide actionable insights to guide future neural operator development.

The main task of the multi-purpose reservoir "Modrac" is to regulate the water regime in a given basin while making decisions on the amount of water released, as well as the amount of water that needs to be retained for future use. Decisions are made on the basis of available data and forecast data. Since no forecast model has been developed, the operator of these complex processes must rely on forecasts that are more or less precise. In practice, dam and reservoir operators, in most cases, usually follow the rules of the curves (volume, flow, etc.), which determine the actions to be taken depending on the current state of the system. With the construction of the Modrac dam in 1964, the reservoir of the same name was formed. The primary goals were to provide technical water for industry in the Tuzla region and mitigate downstream floods, as well as recreation and other purposes. The paper presents an analysis of the runoff coefficient in the correlation of annual precipitation and mean annual inflows for the catchment area of the multipurpose reservoir "Modrac" for the period 1999 - 2024. Keywords: multipurpose reservoir, runoff coefficient, precipitation, inflow, catchment area

In a series of exogenous and endogenous processes that cause enormous damage almost all over the world, land erosion and torrential flows occupy a special place. Torrential flows are formed practically unnoticed and represent a mixture of a large amount of eroded material from mountainous and hilly areas, which, together with water, flows down the ravines formed at a high speed into the lower parts. These streams, which in dry weather have very little flow or their beds are completely dry, in a short period of time destroy everything in front of them, from bridges, roads, to other buildings. They fill canals and agricultural land with silt, and often endanger populated areas, often with human casualties. A true example of the above was witnessed in the destruction of settlements in the municipality of Konjic and municipality of Jablanica in October 2024, where torrential rains caused huge human losses and material damage in a few hours.

Reservoirs are water management facilities that allow the regulation of the natural runoff regime. Depending on the natural characteristics of the hydrological system, the need for water and the volumetric capacity of the reservoir, and the characteristics of the evacuation organs, it is possible to manage the water resources of the basin. The increasing depletion of natural water resources and the increasing problems with meeting water needs have emphasized the need for the construction of reservoirs, often with multi-year equalization, as an integral element of integrated water resources management. Water resources management includes a number of activities such as planning, design, construction, management, maintenance, monitoring and control of constructed facilities, in order to assess and increase their efficiency. Accordingly, it is necessary to specifically plan all activities in relation to reservoirs as key facilities for managing the water regime of a basin. Keywords: multipurpose reservoir, water resources, sediment, catchment area, sedimentation, GIS modeling

Determining the erosion characteristics of a catchment area is very important in managing the catchment area itself, as well as in managing water resources, especially if it is a multipurpose reservoir. Factors that determine the erosion process in a watercourse catchment area, or the sediment regime of a watercourse, could be divided into those that practically do not change or those that do not change significantly over a period of several years, and factors that are subject to change during the year, depending on meteorological and climatic changes over the catchment area. For preventive action and prevention of erosion, and thus flash floods, and filling of reservoirs, it is necessary to analyze and determine precisely the erosion coefficient of the catchment area. On the other hand, water resources management includes a number of activities such as planning, design, construction, management, maintenance, monitoring and control of constructed facilities, in order to assess and increase their efficiency. Accordingly, it is necessary to specifically plan all activities in relation to reservoirs as key facilities for managing the water regime of a catchment area and processes within the catchment area. Keywords: erosion, sediment, meteorological changes, climate change, erosion coefficient, water resources, sediment, catchment area, deposition

The negative impacts of the old mining operations both in our country and throughout the world represent one of the biggest environmental problems. The analysis of the previous practice in Bosnia and Herzegovina regarding the closure of mines in the past decades lead to the conclusion that very few were closed in accordance with the regulations. The problem was further complicated by the war that took place in our country from 1992 to 1995 which in certain number of cases led to the sudden stoppage of mine operations, many of which did not continue to operate even after the cessation of war activities. In the period 2013-2014 the Japanese Agency for International Cooperation (JICA) did an initial analysis of black industrial spots (Hot spots) in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 4 such locations were determined , one of which was the former mine in Vareš. The mine consisted of several units at different locations where various types of raw mineral materials were exploited , which made reasearch even more difficult. This primarily refers to the location of surface mine (SM) „Smreka“, the ore processing and packing plant at SM „Veovača“ and the water accumulation with flotation tailings. For the mentioned sites, a field inspection and analyses of the existing condition were carried out to obtain results required to serve as a basis for proposal of measures to reduce the impact on the environment as well as the rough estimate of the relating remediation costs, which were done separately for each of the research polygon sites. It should be emphasized that Bosnia and Herzegovina's accession to European Union implies significantly stricter environmental protection practices in the mining industry as well. Today, environmental protection in mining is an international standard and obligation. At the same time, the need should be pointed out to the contribution of each country in reducing the negative impact on the environment and climate changes. Key words: abandoned mines, environmental risks, measures to reduce environmental impacts, remediation

Background Accessibility and affordability of medicines are key for patients’ effective treatment. However, drug prices are soaring, and patients are looking for cheaper medications in Europe and beyond. This study aimed to evaluate European pharmacists’ perceptions and attitudes about the impact of global inflation and the military conflict setting in Ukraine on patients’ buying medicines behaviours. A secondary objective comprised the problem of buying medicines from illegal online sources like social media or non-regulated marketplaces. Methods An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2023 to April 2024 using an anonymous and self-designed questionnaire consisting of 11 questions. The survey was created using Google Forms. The survey link was shared mostly by e-mail amongst practising pharmacists from five European countries. Results Events of the recent years, such as inflation, the COVID-19 pandemic, or the war in Ukraine were perceived by the pharmacists as contributing to patients looking for better medicines prices, mostly related to online purchases. The most important factors influencing online purchase of medicines beyond price were convenience of shopping anytime, and fast and free delivery. There is a perceived growing interest in buying medicines from online facilities other than e-pharmacies, such as local websites, social media or global marketplaces (e.g., aliexpress.com). Pharmacists do not actively inform their patients about the possible risks of buying medicines from unverified online sources. Conclusion International disruptions seem to contribute to patients’ looking for better prices of medicines. There is a need for societal education about the risks related to the possibility of counterfeited medicines online, as well as pharmacists’ training to prioritize patient information and counselling on the hazards of medication acquisition from non e-pharmacies. There is an urgent need for global amendments to the pharmaceutical law to protect patients from illegal e-sources of medicines while keeping in-person services and offline purchases.

The Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) region differs in access to HIV and co-infections care and treatment. The aim of the study was to analyze the relation between the severity of the COVID-19 disease and HIV specific factors in the European Union (EU) Countries and in non-European Union (non-EU) Countries.The study was conducted between November 2020 and May 2021. Euroguidelines in Central and Eastern Europe (ECEE) Network Group was collecting observational data on HIV-positive patients diagnosed with COVID-19. In total, 16 countries from CEE (Poland, Czech Republic, Ukraine, Croatia, Turkey, Romania, Belarus, Estonia, Lithuania, Greece, Georgia, Albania, Hungary, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, and Bulgaria) submitted data on HIV-positive patients using an electronic case report form (eCRF). Chi-Square test was used for group comparisons.In total 557 patients were included into the analyses: 361 from EU and 196 from non-EU countries. Access to remdesivir was 1.5% in non-EU countries vs 3.9% in EU-countries (p= 0.1952) . Symptoms of COVID-19 occurred more often in non-EU countries (93.3%) vs non-EU countries (83.6%) [p=0.0009], as well as hospitalization 32.8% vs. 20.8% respectively [0.0027]. Death/ICU was 4.8% in non-EU countries vs 3.4% in EU-countries (p=0.4877). In total 18 (3.23%) patients found out about HIV diagnosis during COVID-19, which was comparable in two groups (11 [3.0%] in UE countries vs. 7 [3.6%] in non-UE countries; p=0.8029).Patients from non- EU countries were more likely to be COVID-19 symptomatic and hospitalized. Access to antiviral therapy for SARS-CoV-2 was very low for all CEE countries.