Key management strategies are a critical yet often overlooked aspect of integrating quantum key distribution (QKD) networks as a service into critical infrastructure. It has a considerable impact on the efficiency of QKD network services, thereby shaping its suitability for diverse applications. In this paper, we examine the effectiveness of key management strategies developed through practical testbeds, identifying their strengths and weaknesses. A novel, to the best of our knowledge, organization of key storage to enhance key construction efficiency and overall service performance is introduced. Using simulation tools, the proposed strategy is evaluated against existing approaches, demonstrating superior performance and effectiveness.

This study presents the first documented case of healing in the deep-sea sharpnose sevengill shark (Heptranchias perlo), a poorly understood species in the Mediterranean Sea. A juvenile specimen that sustained a traumatic mandibular fracture with extensive soft-tissue avulsion, which likely resulted from de-hooking during a previous longline capture, was retrieved dead by a bottom trawler in the southern Adriatic Sea. Gross pathological and radiographic examinations confirmed that the injury remained isolated to the mandibular region, with no abnormalities detected in the splanchnocranium or the musculoskeletal system. Evidence of advanced healing and scar tissue formation was observed, and stomach content analysis revealed active feeding had occurred despite the injury, suggesting that severe mandibular trauma may not have impaired prey capture or consumption. The documented healing indicates that survival following severe mandibular injury and longline capture is possible in H. perlo, in contrast to the high at-vessel mortality previously recorded for this species in bottom-trawl fisheries. However, this conclusion remains tentative, and our findings highlight the need for further research into the recovery capacity of deep-sea shark species that are impacted by commercial fishing, which is crucial for informing conservation strategies and fishery management.

Utilizing ornamental plants for phytoremediation provides multiple benefits: they enhance the visual attractiveness of their surroundings and are predominantly non-edible, thus decreasing the chances of bioaccumulation in the food chain. To assess the effectiveness of bluemink (Ageratum houstonianum Mill.) and French marigold (Tagetes patula L.) in removing Cu and Zn from artificially contaminated substrate, a 6-week pot experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences at Sarajevo University. The experiment consisted of four contamination treatments for each heavy metal examined specifically 0, 100, 250, and 500 mg kg-1 for Zn, and 0, 20, 50, 100, and 200 mg kg-1 for Cu, with three replication for each treatment. The Zn and Cu levels in the plant samples were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry after the acid  digestion process. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and translocation factor (TF) were used to evaluate the phytoextraction potential of the plants. BAF values determined in this study suggest that both plants, bluemink and French marigold, could be regarded as potential hyperaccumulators of Zn, particularly in the case of their long-term cultivation on contaminated soil. 

Ovaj rad razmatra Katulovu poeziju u kontekstu rimske tradicije invektive te istražuje način na koji pjesnik preobražava ovaj javni retorički žanr u sferu osobnog i emocionalnog pjesničkog govora. Analizom odabranih pjesama pokazuje se da Katulova invektiva nije puka osobna uvreda, nego književna strategija koja povezuje intimno iskustvo s društvenom kritikom. U njegovim stihovima vulgarizam, groteska i seksualna optužba postaju instrumenti književnog izraza koji istodobno ponižava protivnika i reflektira granice poezije. Rad naglašava hibridnost Katulove poetike: njegova lirika prelazi u satiru, a satira poprima introspektivne i emotivne dimenzije. U usporedbi s kasnijim satiričarima – Horacijem, Juvenalom i Marcijalom – Katul zauzima prijelomno mjesto jer upravo on oblikuje model pjesnika koji je istodobno intimni ispovjednik i javni prokazivač. Time se potvrđuje polazna teza da Katulova originalnost leži u premještanju invektive iz političkog i retoričkog konteksta u prostor osobne poezije, čime se stvaraju temelji za razvoj rimske satire i hibridne književne tradicije.

Bosnia and Herzegovina represents a unique case of aid recipient for its complex history and administrative and political divisions. Yet, little is known about how foreign aid is allocated to local recipients. This qualitative study uncovers factors shaping sub‐national aid allocation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, highlighting donors' and recipients' perspectives on allocation decision‐making in this postconflict, posttransitional context. The study identifies five interacting factors: (i) capable performers, (ii) avoiding uneven development of the country, (iii) leaving a significant footprint, (iv) wider strategies and principles and a rather subsidiary factor of (v) helping where the need is perceived. They encompass practical considerations of recipients' capabilities and needs, aid effectiveness principles, donors' preferences and political notions of enhancing collaboration between state entities and balanced development. The article provides the basis for studying the effects of local aid distribution on regional disparities, as these proved to prompt political contestations.

Introduction: Social support is very important in the educational transition for the promotion of well-being and transition among students of all ages, cultural identities, and educational levels. Support from parents, friends, teachers, and other relevant persons contribute to the academic, social, and emotional development of 1st-year undergraduate students. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. The convenience sampling method was used to determine the sample. The research included 148 students of the 1st year of the first cycle of studies at the Faculty of Health Studies. The instruments used in the research are the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support Questionnaire and the Mental Health Questionnaire-Short Form. Results: Out of the total number of respondents, n = 126 (85.10%) perceived a high level, n = 17 (11.50%) a moderate level, while n = 5 (3.40%) a low level of social support. Out of the total number of 148 respondents, n = 70 (47.30%) belonged to the category of high positive mental health, n = 67 (45.30%) belonged to the category of moderate positive mental health, while n = 11 (7.40%) of the respondents characterized their mental health as low positive mental health. It was established that there is a medium-strong relation, with a positive sign, in correlation between positive mental health and perceived social support. Conclusion: The research results indicate a direct connection between perceived social support and positive mental health in the 1st year of the first cycle of University of Sarajevo-Faculty of Health Studies students, which indicates the importance of providing social support as an important resource for preserving the mental health of students during their studies.

Applying conceptual integration theory, the paper analyses the construction of meaning of political parody and political humor in which daily news is explicitly deconstructed. In particular, it focuses on Stephen Colbert’s MAGA Frozen parody and political humor. The paper also analyses how the artistic adaptation of the tune “Let it Go” contributes to highlighting certain aspects of reality, and thus achieving rhetorical goals in political discourse. The aim of the paper is twofold: to examine the creation of humorous meaning in multimodal formats in a conceptual blending that is a result of the incongruity produced in a blended space and to examine the role of the novel inferences and conceptualizations produced in the blended space in achieving a number of rhetorical goals, that is, criticism of the political and social reality. Humorous meaning is created in the emergent structure due to the unusual combination of related elements, which results in incongruity (Coulson 2002; Marín-Arrese 2003; Fujii 2008). The variety of modalities employed in the creation of humor, including different visual cues, helps viewers unpack the blends and successfully understand the criticism of the political reality. Additionally, since blending can serve as a rhetorical tool capable of influencing the audience to alter their perception of reality and take action (Coulson 2006; Coulson and Oakley 2006; Coulson and Pascual 2006; Oakley and Coulson 2008), analyzing the satirical text’s meaning construction through conceptual blending can uncover rhetorical and argumentative objectives within political discourse. In this way, certain viewpoints are promoted, and rhetorical goals are achieved through humor. The interpretation and understanding of humor depend on having general knowledge of the political and social situation, as well as on ideological beliefs and knowledge related to specific events. The viewer must create conceptual associations between input spaces using background knowledge to understand the meaning of the blend.

In the face of increasing financial uncertainty and market complexity, this study presents a novel risk-aware financial forecasting framework that integrates advanced machine learning techniques with intuitionistic fuzzy multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM). Tailored to the BIST 100 index and validated through a case study of a major defense company in T\"urkiye, the framework fuses structured financial data, unstructured text data, and macroeconomic indicators to enhance predictive accuracy and robustness. It incorporates a hybrid suite of models, including extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), long short-term memory (LSTM) network, graph neural network (GNN), to deliver probabilistic forecasts with quantified uncertainty. The empirical results demonstrate high forecasting accuracy, with a net profit mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 3.03% and narrow 95% confidence intervals for key financial indicators. The risk-aware analysis indicates a favorable risk-return profile, with a Sharpe ratio of 1.25 and a higher Sortino ratio of 1.80, suggesting relatively low downside volatility and robust performance under market fluctuations. Sensitivity analysis shows that the key financial indicator predictions are highly sensitive to variations of inflation, interest rates, sentiment, and exchange rates. Additionally, using an intuitionistic fuzzy MCDM approach, combining entropy weighting, evaluation based on distance from the average solution (EDAS), and the measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS) methods, the tabular data learning network (TabNet) outperforms the other models and is identified as the most suitable candidate for deployment. Overall, the findings of this work highlight the importance of integrating advanced machine learning, risk quantification, and fuzzy MCDM methodologies in financial forecasting, particularly in emerging markets.

This study analyzes the relationship between leadership style and innovative work behavior of employees in companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The empirical research was conducted on a sample of 116 respondents employed in various sectors within the territory of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Data were collected using a written survey technique through an adapted questionnaire based on the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and the scale for measuring innovative work behavior (De Jong & Den Hartog, 2010). Descriptive statistics, reliability analysis (Cronbach’s Alpha), and correlation analysis were applied for data processing. The results indicate that the transactional leadership style is more pronounced compared to the laissez-faire leadership style. The levels of innovative work behavior of employees showed the highest values in the dimensions of idea exploration and idea generation, while idea promotion and idea implementation were less represented. The correlation analysis revealed that there are statistically significant, but generally low to moderate positive relationships between leadership styles and innovative work behavior. The strongest interrelationships were observed among the different dimensions of innovative work behavior, confirming that innovative activities constitute an interconnected process. Based on the findings, it was confirmed that a high level of innovative work behavior is not present in companies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The obtained results suggest the need for the development of more contemporary leadership styles and an organizational culture that encourages innovation.

TIG welding is used when a good weld appearance and a highest quality of the weld are required Nevertheless, the process has also some major disadvantages like relatively shallow penetration capability and low productivity. To increase the penetration and/or productivity, instead of traditional pure Ar, gas mixtures containing gases with high thermal conduction can be used. For austenitic stainless steels, as they are not prone to hydrogen cracking, also H2 is suitable. As H2 is active gas, the process is called Tungsten Active Gas (TAG). In this research, austenitic stainless steel sheet was welded with a competitive welding speed of 40 cm min−1, with pure argon and with Ar+7.5 H2 mixture. With pure Ar, a welding current of 220 A was far too small to reach full penetration in 3 mm sheet. With the 7.5 H2 active gas mixture, only 130 A was sufficient with unchanged welding speed.

A well-known characterization of Jordan vectors of a matrix polynomial $L(z)$ is generalized to a characterization of Jordan vectors of the operator-valued function $Q(z)$ at an eigenvalue $\alpha \in \mathbb{C}$. The results are then applied to solve a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations.

This study examined the effects of structured dance programs on motor competence in preschool children. In a 12-week randomized controlled trial, 80 children were randomly assigned to two dance intervention groups (EG1: 2 × 35 min/week; EG2: 3 × 25 min/week) or a control group (CG) following the standard physical education curriculum. Fine motor skills, fine motor integration, and balance were assessed using the Bruininks–Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, administered both before and after the intervention. Significant improvements were observed in EG1 for fine motor precision (p < 0.001), fine motor integration (p = 0.022), and static balance (standing on one leg on a balance beam with eyes open; p < 0.001). EG2 showed significant gains in dynamic balance (walking forward on a line; p < 0.001). Both dance programs enhanced preschoolers’ motor competence compared to the control, with higher session volume producing superior outcomes. These results support integrating structured dance sessions into preschool curricula to effectively enhance motor competence, offering a practical strategy to promote physical development in early childhood.

Multi-modal retrieval-augmented generation (MMRAG) promises grounded biomedical QA, but it is unclear when to (i) convert figures/tables into text versus (ii) use optical character recognition (OCR)-free visual retrieval that returns page images and leaves interpretation to the generator. We study this trade-off in glycobiology, a visually dense domain. We built a benchmark of 120 multiple-choice questions (MCQs) from 25 papers, stratified by retrieval difficulty (easy text, medium figures/tables, hard cross-evidence). We implemented four augmentations—None, Text RAG, Multi-modal conversion, and late-interaction visual retrieval (ColPali)—using Docling parsing and Qdrant indexing. We evaluated mid-size opensource and frontier proprietary models (e.g., Gemma-3-27BIT, GPT-4o family). Additional testing used the GPT-5 family and multiple visual retrievers (ColPali/ColQwen/ColFlor). Accuracy with Agresti–Coull 95% confidence intervals (CIs) was computed over 5 runs per configuration. With Gemma-3-27BIT, Text and Multi-modal augmentation outperformed OCR-free retrieval (0.722-0.740 vs. 0.510 average accuracy). With GPT-4o, Multi-modal achieved 0.808, with Text 0.782 and ColPali 0.745 close behind; within-model differences were small. In follow-on experiments with the GPT-5 family, the best results with ColPali and ColFlor improved by 2% to 0.828 in both cases. In general across the GPT-5 family, ColPali, ColQwen, and ColFlor were statistically indistinguishable; ColFlor matched ColPali while being far smaller. GPT-5-nano trailed larger GPT-5 variants by roughly 8-10%. Pipeline choice is capacity-dependent: converting visuals to text lowers the reader burden and is more reliable for mid-size models, whereas OCR-free visual retrieval becomes competitive under frontier models. Among retrievers, ColFlor offers parity with heavier options at a smaller footprint, making it an efficient default when strong generators are available.