Introduction. Synchronous multicentric cerebral gliomas are uncommon brain tumors, mostly malignant, with unknown pathogenesis, unfavorable prognosis and still controversial management. Preoperative differentiation from other multiple brain pathologies by conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often difficult, but supplemental use of advanced magnetic resonance techniques should allow the tumor biology to be predicted, and an appropriate treatment strategy planned. Case report. We report the case of a 59-year-old man with double synchronous multicentric cerebral lesions, which had initial MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging presentation as left parietal metastasis and ipsilateral amygdalo-hippocampal low-grade glioma. However, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of both lesions showed different metabolite profiles of malignant glioma. En bloc resection of the easily accessible parietal lesion revealed glioblastoma with methylated O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter. Subsequently, the patient was treated with temozolomide (TMZ)-based chemoradiation according to Stupp’s protocol, with continuous standard (5/28) adjuvant TMZ in 12 courses. Despite prolonged stabilization of the disease with good life-quality during treatment, the patient died 19 months after diagnosis. The time to tumor progression estimated by MRI was 17 months. Conclusion. MRS significantly improved the differential diagnostic accuracy of conventional MRI in our patient. In accordance with reviewed literature data, the younger age, good initial performance status and methylated MGMT gene promoter were all favorable predictors of longer survival in the reported case. Resection of at least one easily accessible tumor lesion, followed by TMZ-based chemoradiation, with continuous adjuvant TMZ in more than 6 standard courses, seems currently to be the most beneficial therapeutic option for such cases.

This paper presents the first estimation of polymorphism of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian-Croatian Shepherd dog Tornjak in Bosnia and Herzegovina using 10 microsatellite loci, which are an integral part of StockMarks® for Canine Genotyping Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Ten microsatellite loci used in this study are appropriate for assessing the genetic diversity for this breed. Measures of genetic diversity were estimated based on allelic and genotypic calculations, observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosities, deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and polymorphism information content (PIC). The lowest genetic diversity was estimated for locus PEZ20, and the highest for PEZ6 locus. Observed and expected mean heterozygosities were 0.7261 and 0.7392, respectively. Statistically significant deviation (p<0.05) from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was found for PEZ1, PEZ12, PEZ3 and PEZ6 loci. The PIC values suggested that all markers (100%) are very informative (PIC > 0.5) in terms of their suitability for genetic diversity studies. When all observed parameters are taken into account (observed and expected heterozygosities, PIC, number of detective and effective alleles, number of detected and maximum possible genotypes, major allele frequency and major allele frequency index), we can conclude that PEZ6 locus shows the highest genetic diversity while PEZ3 displays the lowest. However, assuming values of observed and expected heterozygosities, as well as PIC, we consider loci PEZ20 to be the least diverse, but this locus has more effective alleles and more genotypes present than PEZ3. These preliminary results are the first genetic diversity survey of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian-Croatian Shepherd dog Tornjak in Bosnia and Herzegovina and could be useful to the dog breeders in designing and managing breeding strategies. Summarizing the information above, we can conclude that the population of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian-Croatian Shepherd dog Tornjak from B&H is not affected by substantial loss of genetic diversity. Results of our study indicate presence of reasonably high level of genetic variability and lead to a better understanding of this dog breed.

World-wide organizations focus research to the infancy and early childhood development because adolescence is not considered vulnerable as previous two stages. But it is very complicated period of life (physical and cognitive growth and development) with high impact of risky behaviour and the deadlines for establishment of good practices including food habits. The study included 630 participants, 133 adolescents from the rural part (60 boys and 73 girls) and 497 adolescents from urban part (264 boys and 233 girls) of Canton Sarajevo. Participants were 13-15 years old. Anthropometric measurements were used: measurement of body weight and body height in order to calculate the BMI-for-age percentiles and skinfold thickness at four sites (biceps, triceps, subscapula, stomach) as additional parameters for determining category of nutritional status. Data were statistically analyzed using SPSS 13.0. Results show no statistical significance of the place of residence in relation to any tested parameter among girls. While among boys statistical significance was demonstrated in relation to the differences in the mean skin fold of subscapula (U = 6138.5, p = 0.02), stomach (U = 5847.5, p = 0.005), biceps (U = 6297.5, p = 0.038), triceps (U = 6161.5, p = 0.022), and mean values of measured four skinfolds (U = 7661.5, p = 0.007) where boys from rural areas have lower levels of skinfolds and lower mean of all four measured skinfolds. Results of BMI-for-age percentiles according to sex and the place of residence, show that normal weight is prevalent among adolescents in the Canton Sarajevo followed by overweight and obesity. Results indicate that adolescents in the urban part of Canton Sarajevo are thicker, there is higher number of overweight adolescents and among them is a higher percentage of adolescent girls.

Introduction Healthcare-acquired urinary tract infections (HAUTI) make up to 40% of all healthcareacquired infections and contribute significantly to hospital morbidity, mortality, and overall cost of treatment. Objective The aim of our study was to investigate possible risk factors for development of HAUTI caused by multi-drug resistant pathogens. Methods The prospective case-control study in a large tertiary-care hospital was conducted during a five-year period. The cases were patients with HAUTI caused by multi-drug resistant (MDR) pathogens, and the controls were patients with HAUTI caused by non-MDR pathogens. Results There were 562 (62.6%) patients with MDR isolates and 336 (37.4%) patients with non-MDR isolates in the study. There were four significant predictors of HAUTI caused by MDR pathogens: hospitalization before insertion of urinary catheter for more than eight days (ORadjusted = 2.763; 95% CI = 1.352–5.647; p = 0.005), hospitalization for more than 15 days (ORadjusted = 2.144; 95% CI = 1.547–2.970; p < 0.001), previous stay in another department (intensive care units, other wards or hospitals) (ORadjusted = 2.147; 95% CI = 1.585–2.908; p < 0.001), and cancer of various localizations (ORadjusted = 2.313; 95% CI = 1.255–4.262; p = 0.007). Conclusion Early removal of urinary catheter and reduction of time spent in a hospital or in an ICU could contribute to a decrease in the rate of HAUTI caused by MDR pathogens.