Abstract This study offers the first report on variation sequence of the mitochondrial cytochrome b (MT-CYTB) gene in populations from Bosnia (northeastern Bosnia). This study was designed on the analysis of the genetic diversity of two populations of different cultural-anthropological and genetic origin, Roma population and native/non-Roma population. The main aim of our study was to estimate the usefulness of the CYTB sequence in the analysis of genetic categorization of different populations and intergroup diversity, as well as to provide some additional information on haplogroup-associated polymorphisms within the CYTB region in defining haplogroup status. Estimation of the genetic diversity was done using intra and intergroup genetic indices. The population-specific polymorphisms have been found in both categories of the populations. The results of the analysis of genetic differentiation show significant pairwise Fst differences between the Romani and native populations. Also, registered significant genetic differentiation is illustrated on the level of genetic variation between subpopulations of the Roma and non-Roma origin. The important result in our study is the confirmation of the significance of the triad of polymorphisms T14783C-G15043A-G15301A, indicating the influence of Asian component of the maternal gene pool on the genetic structure of the studied population of the Roma. Our data show that the haplogroup polymorphisms exist in the CYTB region and can provide useful information on the haplogroups that were defined only by the control region of the mtDNA. The results of this study indicate the region of CYTB gene can be a benefit in providing some additional information in the analysis of genetic structure of human populations and can be additionally applied in population studies.

The focus of this study was on genetic diversity of TB horse population raised in B&H. Genomic DNA was genotyped by using 17 microsatellite markers. A total of 103 alleles were detected. The average number of alleles per locus was 6.059 and effective number of alleles was 3.293. Means of observed and expected heterozygosity were calculated 0.645 and 0.696, respectively. The average PIC values was 0.649 and inbreeding coefficient was 0.090. Based on all observed parameters, ASB2 locus showed the highest genetic diversity while locus HMS2 was the least diverse. These results suggest that the population of TB horses from B&H is not affected by substantial loss of genetic diversity, indicating the presence of reasonably high level of genetic variability.

Modern Bosnia and Herzegovina is a multinational and multi-religious country, situated in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula in South-eastern Europe. According to recent archaeological fi ndings, Bosnia and Herzegovina has been occupied by modern humans since the Palaeolithic period. The structure of Bosnia-Herzegovina’s human populations is very complex and specifi c, due to which it is interesting for various population-genetic surveys. The population of Bosnia and Herzegovina has been the focus of bio-anthropological and population genetics studies since the 19th century. The fi rst known bio-anthropological analyses of Bosnia-Herzegovina population were primarily based on the observation of some phenotypic traits. Later examinations included cytogenetic and DNA based molecular markers. The results of all studies which have been done up to date showed no accented genetic difference among the populations (based on geographical regions) with quite high diversity within them. Human population of Bosnia and Herzegovina is closely related to other populations in the Balkans. However, there are still many interesting features hidden within the existing diversity of local human populations that are still waiting to be discovered and described.

21 RRJVS| Volume 2 | Issue 1 | March, 2016 Genetic Diversity of Arabian Horse from Stud "Borike" (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Using Microsatellite Markers Dunja Rukavina1*, Danica Hasanbašić1, Adaleta Durmić-Pašić2, Belma Kalamujić2, Amir Zahirović3, Jasmin Ramić2, Naris Pojskić2 1Department for Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90. Bosnia and Herzegovia. 2Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8. Bosnia and Herzegovia. 3Department for Internal Diseases, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Bosnia and Herzegovia.

This paper presents the first estimation of polymorphism of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian-Croatian Shepherd dog Tornjak in Bosnia and Herzegovina using 10 microsatellite loci, which are an integral part of StockMarks® for Canine Genotyping Kit (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). Ten microsatellite loci used in this study are appropriate for assessing the genetic diversity for this breed. Measures of genetic diversity were estimated based on allelic and genotypic calculations, observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosities, deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and polymorphism information content (PIC). The lowest genetic diversity was estimated for locus PEZ20, and the highest for PEZ6 locus. Observed and expected mean heterozygosities were 0.7261 and 0.7392, respectively. Statistically significant deviation (p<0.05) from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium was found for PEZ1, PEZ12, PEZ3 and PEZ6 loci. The PIC values suggested that all markers (100%) are very informative (PIC > 0.5) in terms of their suitability for genetic diversity studies. When all observed parameters are taken into account (observed and expected heterozygosities, PIC, number of detective and effective alleles, number of detected and maximum possible genotypes, major allele frequency and major allele frequency index), we can conclude that PEZ6 locus shows the highest genetic diversity while PEZ3 displays the lowest. However, assuming values of observed and expected heterozygosities, as well as PIC, we consider loci PEZ20 to be the least diverse, but this locus has more effective alleles and more genotypes present than PEZ3. These preliminary results are the first genetic diversity survey of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian-Croatian Shepherd dog Tornjak in Bosnia and Herzegovina and could be useful to the dog breeders in designing and managing breeding strategies. Summarizing the information above, we can conclude that the population of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian-Croatian Shepherd dog Tornjak from B&H is not affected by substantial loss of genetic diversity. Results of our study indicate presence of reasonably high level of genetic variability and lead to a better understanding of this dog breed.

The genetic structure of Alpine salamander (Salamandra atra, Laurenti 1768) populations in the Dinarides with respect to continuous populations in the Alps is still poorly understood. To compare Dinaric populations with the nearest Alpine populations, eleven populations were genotyped using seven microsatellite loci. Two major groups were detected: a more diverse Alpine group in the Steiner and Julian Alps, and a less diverse Dinaric group. The Pokljuka population was assigned to the Dinaric group despite its geographical location in the Alps, placing the divide between major groups north of the southern Alpine orographic boundary. Bottlenecks dated at the end of the last glaciation event were suggested for Alpine populations, but not for Dinaric populations. Genetic signatures of migration were detected within Dinaric and Alpine regions, but not between them. Populations from the Prenj Mountain (Bosnia-Herzegovina), where the subspecies S. atra prenjensis was described, were not genetically distinct from other Dinaric populations. These results suggest that, if the taxon remains valid, S. atra prenjensis should include the entire Dinarides as well as the Pokljuka population located in the Alps.