Significance As the world transitions from fossil fuels to a renewable energy-based economy, scalable, safe, and sustainable energy storage becomes essential to balance intermittent supply and demand. To address these needs, electron-conducting carbon concrete (ecˆ3) has emerged as a promising multifunctional material that unites structural performance with electrochemical energy storage, but its application has remained limited by low voltage and scalability challenges. Through nanoscale 3D imaging, electrolyte optimization, and multicell stacking, we demonstrate the production of high-voltage, energy-storing concrete components capable of powering devices and supporting mechanical loads. Our approach bridges architecture and energy systems, advancing ecˆ3 as a transformative material system for decarbonizing construction and enabling resilient infrastructure in the era of clean energy.

The accelerated transformation of the urban landscape of Sarajevo Canton increasingly becomes a space of contention among various interest groups - citizens, planners, investors, heritage disciplines, and local authorities. Establishing a model that involves respecting the interests of each of these groups or increasing the level of inclusivity in the decision-making process will lead to humane and sustainable solutions for the future use and visual shaping of public spaces. Unlike other design disciplines, the specificity of designing public spaces lies in the imperative of participation, mediation, and balancing the interests of multiple actors, ranging from the public and private sectors to planners, designers, researchers, and citizens. Local governments in the municipalities of Sarajevo Canton and other Bosnian Herzegovinian (B&H) cities have still not adopted participatory approach to urban planning. This paper explains research project that tests but also proposes a methodological approach in the public space planning strategy (with emphasis on integrating culture and shift of educational approach) as a critical response to the mismatch between the existing institutional approach of "top-down" planning with the technological and social dynamics of the digital age, as well as the real needs of the local community. This approach promises a more inclusive, sustainable, and community-driven future for public space planning. Case study: Cultural district Sarajevo (the space between the future Ars Aevi Museum, the Historical Museum of B&H, and the National Museum of B&H) and "urban voids" of Grbavica1.

One of the characteristics of today's world economic trends is market expansion, i. e. the need for constant modification of existing products through application of new technologies, which should ensure competitiveness in turbulent market conditions. The role of industrial and service robots is essential in such conditions of manufacturing processes. An industrial and service robot is an essential constituent element of the new manufacturing lines, which are designed on a high degree of automation with the characteristics of flexibility, where it is very difficult to observe the robot and its effect outside the whole manufacturing line. The inclusion of industrial and service robots in existing production facilities increases significantly the performance of existing equipment, ensuring its efficiency. This reduces or postpones the need for new or larger investments, since certain situations have shown that the acquisition of robots is much more economical than purchasing new machines. The application of robotic systems in manufacturing processes, whether it is a fully automated process or highly automated manufacturing line (the so-called fixed automation or a possible flexible manufacturing cell), is observed through: materials handling and supporting machines, process operations, assembly tasks, and tasks of products inspection. The paper describes the dissemination of industrial and service robots in the world in the period 2009 to 2014, through the application in specific operations in the manufacturing process.

In this study, the use of terpene‐based hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (HDESs) in the preparation of polymeric membrane ion‐selective electrodes is presented. HDES obtained from terpenes (menthol and thymol) and octanoic acid are used as a new component of polymeric membrane of potentiometric sensors sensitive to lead ions. Electrodes containing different amounts of HDES in the membrane (from 1 to 12 % wt./wt.) are prepared, and potentiometric measurements are carried out for these electrodes to determine the detection limit, the slope of the characteristic, and the response linear range. Based on the analysis of electrode performance, it is found that the optimum concentration of HDES in the membrane is 5 wt%. For such membranes, a more detailed study is carried out using a solid contact sensor. Selectivity toward interfering species as well as potential stability and reversibility, optimum pH range, effect of light, and presence of gases in the sample solution are investigated for such sensors. The obtained measurement results indicate that the tested sensor containing HDES in the membrane has good analytical parameters, and excellent selectivity (log K ≤ −4.4). It has been successfully used to determine lead in real environmental water samples after a brief pretreatment with XAD‐7 resin.

This study explores the impact of female leadership on Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bosnia and Herzegovina, a transitional economy. While prior research shows that gender-diverse boards improve corporate social responsibility (CSR) and ESG outcomes, most studies focus on large firms in developed markets. This study fills that gap by analyzing data from 131 SMEs that applied to the 2024 SDG Business Pioneers Award. Using descriptive statistics and correlation analysis, the research examines how women’s representation in management affects ESG priorities. Findings indicate a positive association between higher female participation and improved outcomes in ethics, innovation, productivity, and inclusivity. Companies with at least one-third women in leadership show stronger commitment to balanced and sustainable governance. In contrast, environmental practices are widely adopted across firms but appear less dependent on leadership composition. The study provides the first empirical evidence from Bosnia and Herzegovina on the gender–ESG link. It contributes to global debates on diversity and sustainability while offering practical insights for policymakers and managers. Promoting gender-inclusive leadership can enhance competitiveness, resilience, and alignment with international sustainability frameworks.

The recent hardware-accelerated microscaling 4-bit floating-point formats such as MXFP4 and NVFP4, supported on NVIDIA and AMD GPUs, promise to revolutionize large language model (LLM) inference. Yet, their practical benefits remain unproven. We present the first comprehensive study of MXFP4 and NVFP4 for post-training quantization, revealing gaps between their promise and real-world performance. Our analysis shows that state-of-the-art methods struggle with FP4, due to two key issues: (1) NVFP4's small group size provably neutralizes traditional outlier mitigation techniques; (2) MXFP4's power-of-two scale quantization severely degrades accuracy due to high induced error. To bridge this gap, we introduce Micro-Rotated-GPTQ (MR-GPTQ), a variant of the classic GPTQ quantization algorithm that tailors the quantization process to FP4's unique properties, by using block-wise Hadamard transforms and format-specific optimizations. We support our proposal with a set of high-performance GPU kernels that enable the MR-GPTQ format with negligible overhead, by rotation fusion into the weights, and fast online computation of the activations. This leads to speedups vs. FP16 of up to 3.6x layer-wise, and 2.2x end-to-end on NVIDIA B200, and of 6x layer-wise and 4x end-to-end on RTX5090. Our extensive empirical evaluation demonstrates that MR-GPTQ matches or outperforms state-of-the-art accuracy, significantly boosting MXFP4, to the point where it can near the accuracy that of NVFP4. We conclude that, while FP4 is not an automatic upgrade over INT4, format-specialized methods like MR-GPTQ can unlock a new frontier of accuracy-performance trade-offs.

Wetlands play a vital role in conserving waterbirds, particularly along major European river systems such as the Danube River and its tributaries. To promote the importance of wetlands and address the lack of data on bird biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems, this study was conducted to assess the baseline status of a demonstration site within the European project DaWetRest. The research focused on a lesser-studied pilot area, the Danube North of Kopački rit, near the village of Draž, located in the tri-border region of Croatia, Hungary, and Serbia. Systematic ornithological monitoring was carried out monthly from January to December 2024 across three monitoring areas (total transect length: 4200 m). A total of 26 bird taxa were recorded, comprising 2148 individual observations. The most dominant species were the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea), and Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo). Conversely, the species that were the least present were White Stork (Ciconia ciconia), Squacco Heron (Ardeola ralloides), Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus), Eurasian Teal (Anas crecca), and Black Stork (Ciconia nigra). This study also examines the seasonal dynamics of waterbirds, providing essential baseline data for evaluating the effectiveness of upcoming restoration measures planned for the area.

This paper analyzes the commercialization potential of an innovative multi-sided platform for personalized learning using a qualitative research approach based on both primary and secondary data. The data was collected through surveys and semi-structured interviews with high school students, university students, and employed individuals in need of personalized upskilling. Through case study methodology and the analysis and synthesis of the collected data, the results indicate that the monetization of the innovative platform is feasible and sustainable.

ABSTRACT The present study explores the playful translingual practices of a group of young women in the European Global South. More specifically, it observes translingual playfulness in the mediascapes in Bosnia and Herzegovina and investigates how young Bosnian translinguals draw on their multimodal semiotic and linguistic repertoires to develop and negotiate their global youth identities and challenge Standard and monolingual language ideologies. The research employs qualitative methodology, adopting digital ethnography to analyse group chat interactions and follow-up semi-structured interviews. The findings reveal that Bosnian youth display complex instances of translingual play within their online/offline nexus and integrate global linguistic repertoires with local cultural contexts. However, while acknowledging the naturalness of and enjoyment in such translingual practices, these translinguals also express uneasy attitudes towards this inherent fluidity and unboundedness of language categories which inform these practices and perceive them as deviant from the Standard monolingual norms. This inconsistency emerges from the affiliated ethnonational discourse and monolingual norms deeply ingrained in this Global South context, and it is further compounded by global pressures from the Anglophone Global North. Bosnian translinguals consciously restrict their practices to safe spaces to conform to expectations, illustrating precarity of translingual practices across social spaces.

Online banking continues to grow in popularity due to its convenience, but banks face significant challenges in ensuring secure customer identity verification. Traditional authentication methods such as PINs, passwords, and one-time passwords have shown limitations, especially in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, which accelerated the demand for seamless and contactless solutions. Voice biometrics have emerged as a reliable alternative, offering enhanced fraud protection and a more user-friendly experience. In Malaysia, this technology enables customer verification without the need for PINs or security questions. This study proposes an advanced authentication approach that integrates keystroke dynamics and voice biometrics within a multi-factor authentication framework. By leveraging artificial intelligence and fuzzy logic, the system aims to deliver heightened security and a smoother user experience. The goal is to provide Malaysian online banking users with a safer and more secure digital environment.

Obesity, a global health concern defined by excessive adiposity and persistent metabolic imbalance, has far-reaching implications that extend beyond standard metabolic and cardiovascular comorbidities. While the association between obesity and reproductive dysfunction is well-established, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying these associations remain incompletely understood, particularly as regards the distinction between obesity-specific effects and those mediated by dietary components or metabolic syndrome. The present review integrates currently available knowledge on the mechanisms through which obesity impairs reproductive function in both sexes, from gametogenesis to postnatal development. In males, obesity drives testicular inflammation, disrupts spermatogenesis, impairs sperm motility and DNA integrity, and alters key signaling pathways, with oxidative stress and metabolic endotoxemia as central mediators. In females, obesity induces ovarian dysfunction, alters steroidogenesis, compromises oocyte quality and disrupts follicular environments, leading to reduced fertility and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, the relative contribution of obesity-induced inflammation vs. direct lipotoxic effects remains poorly characterized in both sexes. The present review further examines the impact of parental obesity on fertilization capacity, placental function and in utero development, highlighting sex-specific and intergenerational effects mediated by mitochondrial dysfunction and epigenetic modifications. Notably, maternal obesity impairs placental and fetal organ development, increases the risk of metabolic and reproductive disorders in offspring, and alters key developmental signaling pathways. While some studies suggest that lifestyle interventions and antioxidant therapies may partially reverse obesity-induced reproductive impairments, significant gaps remain in understanding the precise molecular mechanisms and potential for therapeutic rescue. By synthesizing findings from animal models and human studies, the present review highlights the pivotal role of oxidative stress as a mechanistic link between obesity and reproductive dysfunction. It emphasizes the need for further research to inform clinical strategies aimed at mitigating these adverse outcomes.

Background The increasing global prevalence of mental disorders as well as a persistent stigma make mental disorders a public health priority. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive overview of psychotropic drugs utilization from 2006 to 2021 in the Republic of Serbia, examining both pre pandemic and pandemic-related changes. Methods To conduct this descriptive study, publicly available data on psychotropic drugs were retrieved from the official website of the Agency for Medicines and Medical Devices of Serbia (ALIMS). The linear and joinpoint regression were used in data analysis. Results A total of 54 psychotropic drugs use was analyzed from 2006 to 2021. There was an increase in the consumption of antidepressants, atypical antipsychotics, anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics, anti-dementia drugs and gabapentinoid-based drugs. The increase in the consumption of the psychotropic drugs was linear, with no differences between the pre-COVID-19 period and the COVID-19 pandemic. Contrary, a significant decrease in use was observed for some antidepressants (maprotiline, moclobemide, mianserin), antipsychotics (chlorpromazine, fluphenazine), psychostimulants and nootropic drugs (piracetam), anxiolytics (diazepam, prazepam), sedatives and hypnotics (midazolam). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic did not contribute to change in consumption of psychotropic drugs in Serbia. Still, the use of antidepressants, atypical antipsychotics, anxiolytics, sedatives, hypnotics, anti-dementia drugs and gabapentinoids increased from 2006 to 2021.