Summary This paper presents the influence of equal channel angular extrusion on the microstructure and properties of composites based on the A356.0 aluminium alloy with the addition of 6 wt.% fly ash as reinforcement. The composite was produced using the compo casting method. The microstructure of the composite was analysed using an optical microscope, computer tomography, and scanning electron microscopy. Rosettes and spheroidal particles were observed in the microstructure of the cast sample, and there was a good distribution of fly ash within the matrix. Equal channel angular extrusion was performed in three passes at the same parameters. After each pass, the microstructure was refined, and fly ash was even better mixed into the matrix. Thus, the strength and hardness of the composite increased after each pass. A fully homogeneous material was achieved after the second pass.

Background: Water is essential in air conditioning processes, where it is used for cooling or heating. Its longer retention in the tanks and pipes of air conditioning devices can lead to physical and chemical changes that favor the appearance and reproduction of Legionella spp. This pathogen causes diseases that arise from inhalation of contaminated aerosol. The research was conducted in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina during 2023-2024. and included 30 public facilities where 54 water samples were collected from air conditioning devices. Objective: The main goal of the research was to determine the presence of Legionella spp. in water from air conditioning devices, and to examine correlation of physical and chemical parameters (temperature, residual chlorine, ph value, iron, zinc and copper) with the pathogen presence. An additional goal of the research was to examine the relationship between the physical and chemical parameters of water. Methods: The research was conducted at the territory of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in the period 2023-2024. The samples were analysed in an authorized laboratory in Sarajevo, using standard microbiological and chemical methods. The water of the air conditioning units was analysed for presence of L. spp., the detection of the bacteria and the determination of the relationship between the examined physical and chemical factors and the settlement of pathogens in the air conditioning units. Results: Legionella spp. was isolated in 7 (13%) of 54 analysed samples. A correlation between higher temperature, lower residual chlorine, and higher concentrations of iron and copper with the bacteria appearance was established. Among the analysed parameters, several significant mutually positive correlations were recorded. Out of a total of 54 analysed samples from air conditioning devices, L. spp. was isolated in seven. The results showed that there is a relation between higher temperature and lower concentration of residual chlorine, as well as higher concentrations of Fe and Cu, with the occurrence of L. spp. in air conditioning devices. No statistically significant association between the presence of bacteria and Zn concentration or water pH was confirmed. By analysing the mutual relations between the tested physical and chemical parameters, the relation of Fe with Zn and Cu, and Zn with Cu and Ph value was determined. The limitation of this study refers to the fact that during the testing the so-called dead pipes in the system was not detected nor present, nor was there a test for the presence of biofilm inside the installation. Conclusion: The results indicate the importance of regular monitoring of water parameters in air conditioning devices in order to reduce the risk of Legionella spp. colonization and to improve preventive measures in public health and air conditioning engineering.

Introduction. Over the past decades, there has been a significant improvement in the quality of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI). The goal of this study is to assess patient related risk factors for the development of ST in patients treated with PCI. Results. According to the study, the percentage of patients with ST who had bare metal stents (BMS) was significantly higher (72.41%) than that of patients without ST (27.59%). Conclusion. Lower ejection fraction, presence of dyslipidemia and usage of BMS were identified as independent predictors of ST. Keywords: Stent Thrombosis, Risk Factors, Prognosis.

Computer aided design (CAD) 3D modelling is one of the engineering tasks which is largely routine tasks with a large amount of repetition of the same operations to get from the initial idea for a new product to a 3D model ready for manufacturing. As with all other forms of routine tasks, artificial intelligence (AI) will certainly play a significant role in the future and it will largely automate such jobs. On the other hand, additive manufacturing (AM) can use AI generated CAD 3D models to produce finial product without the need (or with minimal need) for human labour. The combination of these two technologies will certainly shape the future of product design, development and manufacturing. Overview of the current possibilities of using artificial intelligence (AI) and additive manufacturing (AM) in the field of product development, design and manufacturing is presented in this paper. From the point of view of CAD modelling, special attention is given to the so-called "text to 3D model" systems. The challenges, possibilities and further directions of development of these technologies are shown through two real case studies (design, development and manufacturing of two stool chairs). Stool chairs design was generated with the help of "text to 3D model" AI System in a form of 3D models. The generated 3D models were then manufactured with the help of AM.In the last chapter of the paper a comparative analysis of the time spent by human labour for the development, design and manufacturing of this two stool chairs using conventional methods and using AI and AM is carried out

This paper explores the impact of performance expectancy (PE) and effort expectancy (EE) on the behavioral intention (BI) of managers to implement environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Us ing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the study analyzes how these factors influence decision-makers’ engagement in sustainable business activities. A survey of 247 managers was conducted to assess their BI, PE, and EE for each ESG component. The collected data were ana lyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to construct a second-order latent model that measures the combined effects of these factors. The study fills a gap in the literature by examin ing sector-specific differences in the factors influencing ESG implementation. The results reveal that both PE and EE significantly affect an organization’s intention to adopt ESG practices, with varying impacts between the manufacturing and service industries. The findings highlight the different challenges and complexities each industry faces in implementing ESG practices. While focusing on PE and EE, it is acknowledged that other factors such as organizational culture, stakeholder pressure, and industry-specific dynamics also play roles in ESG adoption. The main contribution of this work is the use of a second-order latent construct within the TAM model for ESG practices, offering a unique perspective on understanding behavioral intention.

Timely and accurate defect detection is essential in the leather industry, as the quality of raw leather directly impacts both the usability and value of finished products. This paper provides a systematic overview of state-of-the-art solutions and proposes a novel approach for automated detection of leather surface defects using deep neural networks based on the Inception-V3 architecture. Five defect categories are introduced, focusing on their impact on leather quality. In addition, two deep neural network architectures were analyzed and implemented for defect detection and classification: a single-channel model and a multi-channel model with arbitration. The evaluation was carried out using a combination of a custom-developed dataset and publicly available datasets, assessed with standard performance metrics. Moreover, an image annotation tool was developed to facilitate precise defect labeling and the creation of variable-size datasets. Both models demonstrated promising results on the custom dataset, achieving accuracy rates exceeding 93%. The suggested methodology enhances the research domain of leather inspection automation by creating an openly accessible image dataset, performing a comparative analysis of detection models and creating software tools for data preparation. These contributions lay the foundation for further research in leather defect detection and potential industrial implementation.

Je li umjetna inteligencija, koja je danas pobudila sveopći znanstveni i javni interes, prilika koja se može pokazati korisnom za demokraciju ili je ona prijetnja koja donosi korjenite promjene i oko koje se trebamo duboko zabrinuti? S jedne strane, umjetna inteligencija može biti prilika za poboljšanje demokratskoga procesa u smislu jednostavnijega uključivanja u demokratsku raspravu i samim time u poboljšanju procesa kreiranja politika. S druge strane, rizici za demokraciju koje može generirati umjetna inteligencija mogu biti lažne informacije koje mogu izazvati različite društvene sukoba te kreirati mišljenja koja ne predstavljaju mišljenje javnosti. U oba slučaja, i kao prilika i kao prijetnja, umjetna inteligencija promijenit će mnoge aspekte demokracije, uglavnom na načine koje još ne možemo pojmiti. Ključne riječi: umjetna inteligencija; demokracija, izborni proces.

Introduction Renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are neoplasms that can rarely rupture, causing hemorrhagic shock as the most serious complication. This pathological condition, (referring to AML) is classified as a benign tumor arising from the proliferation of epithelioid cells, consisting of fat tissue, blood vessels, and smooth muscle. Wunderlich syndrome describes a spontaneous, nontraumatic bleeding into the subcapsular or perirenal space. Most individuals with renal AML exhibit no symptoms and are often diagnosed incidentally, however, some may experience life-threatening complications such as rupture, hemorrhage, and circumstantial hypovolemic shock. Case outline Description of the clinical presentation of AML with rupture in a female patient with a brief overview of other cases of AML in the literature. Female patient, 68 years old, admitted for examination due to sudden severe pain in the abdomen with propagation to the right lumbar region accompanied by nausea and fatigue. After a complete physical examination, an abdominal ultrasound, and a CT scan, surgery was performed during which the right kidney was removed alongside the hematoma and the kidney envelopes, which were sent for pathohistological analysis. The result of the histopathological analysis confirmed that it was AML. Conclusion AMLs are benign neoplasms with potentially serious complications. The most serious complication of AML is rupture, leading to retroperitoneal hemorrhage, with tumor size being a significant risk factor. Considering the clinical importance of this potential complication, it is important to establish a swift and accurate radiological diagnosis, with the aim of timely therapeutic intervention and reduction of potential additional complications.

In this study, ZnO as a semiconductor and RuO2 as a metal-like conductor were combined in a composite and tested as a photoanode for water splitting, i.e. green hydrogen and oxygen production. ZnO/RuO2 composite in the mass ratio of 2:1 was prepared using microwave processing of a precipitate. To investigate the influence of oxygen vacancies as defects in the crystal structure on (photo)electrocatalytic efficiency for hydrogen and oxygen production, the composite was annealed at 300 and 600?C. The phase composition, morphology, and optical properties of as-prepared and annealed composites were analyzed in detail. The (photo)electrocatalytic activity of composites for HER and OER was examined in NaOH and H2SO4 using linear sweep voltammetry. The (photo)electrocatalytic properties of the ZnO/RuO2 composites were correlated with their physicochemical characteristics with emphasize on oxygen vacancies.

Heavy metals ubiquitously found in soil and water, as a serious environmental problem, are disrupting plant mineral nutrition homeostasis, osmotic balance, and metabolism. Application of some biostimulants can alleviate the disruption. Melatonin as a signal molecule, and antioxidant plays an important role in plant growth and stress tolerance due to its ability to directly neutralize reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The reduction or mitigation of heavy metals adverse effects in valerian plants grown in open field conditions using melatonin was investigated in this paper. HPLC-FLD technique was used to identify and quantify melatonin concentration in valerian root extracts. Also, physiological, and biochemical plant status under abiotic stress was examined, especially in 100 ?M melatonin pre-treated plants. Higher concentrations of endogenous melatonin were measured in roots of Cd and Zn treated plants. Melatonin application alleviated the negative effect of Cd, particularly evident in Cd-Melatonin treatment which restored or enhanced bioactive compound levels. Melatonin effectively mitigates Cd and Zn-induced stress in valerian by enhancing both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant systems and promoting the synthesis of protective compounds. These findings highlight melatonin potential as a sustainable biostimulant to support plant resilience and productivity in heavy metal-stressed environments.

Red clover is one of the most important perennial forage legumes in livestock feed production. It also plays a significant role in organic farming, as it enriches the soil with nitrogen through symbiotic fixation by nodule-forming bacteria, reducing the need for excessive use of mineral nitrogen. The application of foliar biofertilizers can have a significant impact on the productivity and nodulation of red clover. Since the productivity and quality of red clover largely depend on soil fertility, environmental conditions, variety selection, and the plant’s developmental stage at the time of mowing, the aim of this research was to determine the influence of red clover variety and foliar biofertilizer (BF0, BF1, BF2, BF4) on dry matter yield, crude protein content, and the abundance of nodule-forming bacteria. The research results showed that variety selection and the application of biofertilizer at higher concentrations had a significant effect on dry matter yield and crude protein content. However, the total number of nodules on red clover roots decreased with increasing biofertilizer concentration. The highest annual dry matter yield was achieved in the BF4 variant for the Una variety (12.71 t ha-1) and the Global variety (11.43 t ha-1). Similarly, the highest crude protein yield was recorded in the BF4 variant for the Una variety (1896.4 kg ha-1) and the Global variety (1678.0 kg ha-1).

Sweet corn (Zea mays L. var. saccharata) is one of the popular varieties of corn in the human diet. Its quality is influenced by various properties such as grain moisture, colour, ear weight, ear length, texture, and sugar content, while its health benefits are attributed to its total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The aim of this research is to determine the impact of N fertiliser application and sowing date on yield indicators, total phenol content and antioxidant capacity of sweet corn. The treatments of the experiment consisted of a combination of two factors, two different nitrogen regimes and two different sowing dates. The results show that the applied treatments significantly influenced the researched traits of sweet corn. Dehusked and husked ear mass, ear length, and yield were higher when sown earlier (385 g, 264 g, and 21 cm, respectively) than later sowing (364 g, 242 g, and 20 cm, respectively). Additionally, higher values of dehusked and husked ear mass, ear length, were recorded with a higher dose of fertiliser. Furthermore, total phenol contents ranged from 57.0 to 80 mg GAE 100 g-1 and depended on sowing date, fertilisation, and year of study.