Summary Introduction The aim of the study was to establish the association between oral health and malnutrition in people over the age of 65. Material and Methods Cross-sectional study included 146 respondents residing in gerontology center, and 300 respondents who lived in their own homes or with their families. Nutritional status was evaluated using the Mini Nutritive Scale and standardized questionnaire. Dental status was evaluated by clinical examination using inspection method. The presence and absence of teeth was evaluated in each dental arch (third molars were not taken into consideration). Also, the presence of prosthetic restorations (total and partial dentures) was noticed without analyzing their adequacy and functionality. Self-assessment of health with categorical components assessed the overall health status. The research was conducted in 2018. Results Most of respondents who had malnutrition or were at risk of malnutrition had worse dental status; they were completely or partially edentulous. There was high statistically significant difference in dental status of the upper (χ2=47,797; p < 0,001) and lower jaw (χ2 = 66,680; p < 0,001). The number of lost teeth had an impact on self-assessment of general health (χ2 = 47,270; p < 0,001). Conclusion Oral health status in elderly people had significant influence on nutritional status.

Introduction: The depression is a common mental disorder, especially after a stroke, which further aggravates the recovery. Aim: To analyze depression within 48 hours and fifteen days after ischemic stroke in relation to gender and location (brain hemisphere and brain circulation). Methods: We analyzed 40 patients (65.3±10.3 years), half of them were women. Mean age of women was 66.35±7.31 years and men 64.2±12.68 years (p= 0.5). Ischemic stroke was verified by computed tomography. Levels of depression were measured with self-estimated Zung’s scale. On the tests, score of 50 and higher verified depression. Criteria made by Domasio were used to determine location of the IS. Results: Mean value on depression scale in acute phase of ischemic stroke was 46.85 ± 8.6 and in subacute phase 43.4 ± 8 (p =0.06). In 19 (47.5%) patients (55% of women, 40% of men; p=0.3) depression was found during the first and in 10 (25%) patients (35% of women, 15 % of men; p=0.06) during the second evaluation (p<0.019). Mean value on depression in acute phase of illness in women was 49.1 ± 7.38, as well as in men 44.6 ± 9.22 (p=0.088) and in subacute phase in women 45.25 ± 8.04, as well as in men 41.5 ± 7.75 (p=0.16). Concerning location of ischemic stroke, there were no significant differences in levels of depression. Conclusion: Number of patients with post-stroke depression is significantly lower in subacute phase of ischemic stroke. Although the number of depressive women and their depression scores are higher, gender differences are not statistically significant. There is no correlation between post-stroke depression and location of lesion in acute and subacute phase of illness.

Introduction: Cancelling elective procedures on the day of surgery presents a constant problem in all higher-level medical facilities, and the research of causes, consequences and possible solutions is the duty of every facility in order to enhance the quality of healthcare services. Methods: This prospective study included all patients that were scheduled for surgery from March 2016 to November 2018 in the operating rooms at our Department of Surgery, including both performed and cancelled cases. Cases by different surgical departments (general surgery, gynecology, orthopedics, urology, plastic surgery, ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology) were all included. Results: Out of 8201 planned elective procedures from March 2016 to November 2018 at the General Hospital “Abdulah Nakas”, 7825 cases were performed and 376 cases (4.58%) were cancelled on the day of surgery. The most common reasons for cancelling a surgical procedure on the day of surgery were: lack of time to perform surgery, (33.51%), surgery cancelled due to medical/anesthetic reasons, (31.38%), surgical procedure cancelled by the surgeon on the day of surgery, (11.97%). Conclusion: This study has shown that the percentage of elective cases cancelled on the day of surgery at our institution stands at an acceptable 4.58%. The most common reasons for case cancellation on the day of surgery were identified. The majority of reasons for cancellation were avoidable, which means that appropriate steps could contribute to lowering the percentage of cancelled elective cases and an improved quality of healthcare services.

When companies sell goods/services, they may request cash prior to or at the delivery or they may offer deferred payment. The decision on credit policy is a trade-off between the benefits gained from increased sales and the costs of approving credit. Based on the appropriate analysis of reports, controlling should help the management to bring such business decisions aimed towards customers and to take all the necessary measures for obeying the appropriate legal regulations. This way, controlling may influence better liquidity of a company, which includes faster cash turnover, payment to its suppliers, lower outstanding accounts, and better profitability. Apart from the general importance of controlling credit sales and collection of receivables, the article examines the position and the role of controlling in the companies operating in wood processing as the fastest growing industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Abstract: To date, many questions about the extent and cause of pharmacokinetic (PK) variability of even the most widely studied and prescribed &bgr;1-adrenergic receptor blockers, such as metoprolol and bisoprolol, remain unanswered. Given that there are still no published population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) analyses of bisoprolol in routinely treated patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the aim of this study was to determine its PK variability in 71 Serbian patients with ACS. PopPK analysis was conducted using a nonlinear mixed-effects model (NONMEM), version 7.3.0 (Icon Development Solutions). In each patient, the same formulation of bisoprolol was administered once or twice daily at a total daily dose of 0.625–7.5 mg. We separately assessed the effects of 31 covariates on the PKs of bisoprolol, and our results indicated that only 2 covariates could have possible influence on the variability of the clearance of bisoprolol: the mean daily dose of the drug and smoking habits of patients. These findings suggest that possible autoinduction of drug metabolism by higher total daily doses and induction of cytochrome P450 isoform 3A4 (CYP3A4) by cigarette smoke in liver could be the potential causes of increased total clearance of bisoprolol in patients with ACS.

Introduction: Cancelling elective procedures on the day of surgery presents a constant problem in all higher-level medical facilities, and the research of causes, consequences and possible solutions is the duty of every facility in order to enhance the quality of healthcare services. Aim: The aim of the research was to determine the percentage and reasons for cancelling elective procedures and provide adequate measure to reduce this number in the future and to identify ways to improve the patients’ satisfaction level. Material and Methods: This prospective study included all patients that were scheduled for surgery from March 2016 to November 2018 in the operating rooms at our Department of Surgery, including both performed and cancelled cases. Cases by different surgical departments (general surgery, gynecology, orthopedics, urology, plastic surgery, ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngology) were all included. Results: Out of 8201 planned elective procedures from March 2016 to November 2018 at the General Hospital “Abdulah Nakas”, 7825 cases were performed and 376 cases (4.58%) were cancelled on the day of surgery. The most common reasons for cancelling a surgical procedure on the day of surgery were: lack of time to perform surgery (33.51%), surgery cancelled due to medical/anesthetic reasons (31.38%), surgical procedure cancelled by the surgeon on the day of surgery (11.97%). Conclusion: This study has shown that the percentage of elective cases cancelled on the day of surgery at our institution stands at an acceptable 4.58%. The most common reasons for case cancellation on the day of surgery were identified. The majority of reasons for cancellation were avoidable, which means that appropriate steps could contribute to lowering the percentage of cancelled elective cases and an improved quality of healthcare services.

Introduction: Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an imaging method for displaying anatomical structures of the fetus without ionizing radiation and it has been in use since the MRI has been used for the analysis of the adult human body. Aim: The aim of our paper is the two-year retrospective analysis of fetal MRI examinations for the purpose of presenting various pathological conditions of the fetuses. Methods: A total of 59 fetal MRI examinations were performed on pregnant women in the time period 2016 to 2018 at the Radiology Clinic at Sarajevo University Clinical Center, on Siemens and Toshiba 1.5 Tesla scanners. All cases were referred by gynecologists who suspected a fetal pathology. The comparison of the fetal age at which the congenital anomalies are usually detected is performed using the univariate analysis of variance and the Student t test, at the 95% level of confidence. Results: Of the total of 59 fetal MRI examinations, 2 fetuses (3,4%) were healthy, while pathology of the head and CNS was found in 26 fetuses (44,2%), thoracic cavity pathology in 5 fetuses (8,5%), abdominal cavity pathology in 18 fetuses (30,6%), pathology of extremities in 2 fetuses (3,4%), spinal cord pathology in one fetus (1,7%), and in 3 fetuses associated anomalies were found (5,1%). The pathology of the uterus and placenta was found in two pregnant women (3,4%). Conclusion: Prenatal MRI provides extremely useful information in cases where the ultrasound examination of the fetus is insufficient due to the size and position of the fetus. MRI is a key tool in deciding whether to continue or stop the further development of the fetus.

* Correspondence: suljevic.damir@gmail.com A great success in the evolution of animal behavior and physiology is the ability to survive seasonally unfavorable conditions, especially when it comes to variable and extremely low temperatures (Roots, 2006). Environmental variations lead animals to a state of hibernation, which causes depression of metabolic and physiological processes, as well as a slow development and reproduction so that the animal can survive (Dugbartey and Henning, 2013). Life activities of the gastropods depend on environmental factors throughout the whole year. Shells have great importance because they reduce water loss during summer days. The formation of the calcareous epiphragm, with which they bind to substrates, is an additional protection mechanism of evaporation (Elmslie, 1998). Snail hibernation includes shell closing by the secretion of the epiphragm, while energy is gained from stored food reserves during this process (Holtz and Von Brand, 1940). In experimental conditions, aestivation can last for years, which suggests that the metabolic rate depends on both exogenous and endogenous factors (Nowakowska, 2011). Respiration is reduced during hibernation and about 10% of the fluid is lost, which affects heart rate, oxygen consumption, and energy requirements (Nicolai et al., 2011). Metabolic changes during hibernation affect the value of circulating hemocytes. The phagocytic activity of hemocytes and lectins, as a defense mechanism, takes place thanks to the presence of calcium ions in the snail hemolymph. Consequently, the changes in the values of calcium ions affect the hemocyte number (Saleddin and Wilbur, 1984). Many studies confirmed the importance of hemocytes in immune responses, antibody recognition, phagocytosis, encapsulation, and cytotoxic reactions (Yoshino et al., 2001). Two types of hemocytes, granulocytes and hyalinocytes, have been identified in the hemolymph of Biomphalaria (Ratcliffe, 1985). Seasonal factors and different experimental tests affect the total number, type, and behavior of hemocytes (Oliver and Fisher, 1995). The role of hemocytes today is most widely considered as an immunological response to infections. Seta et al. (1996) reported that the phagocytic potential of hyalinocytes is questionable and that only granulocytes are crucial in the immune response. Vinaud et al. (2008), Delgado et al. (2001), and Matricon-Gondran and Letocart (1999) identified four types of hemocytes based on their size (small, medium, large, and gigantic cells) in the hemolymph of Biomphalaria glabrata. According to morphological criteria, there are two types, round cells and spread cells (Sminia, 1981), while in the study of Adamowicz and Bolaczek (2003), they refer to these cells as type I and type II. Wojtaszek et al. Abstract: The total number of hemocytes and their morphological characteristics were analyzed in Helix pomatia Linnaeus, 1758, by light microscopy during different phases of hibernation. Three types of hemocytes were identified: hyalinocytes, agranulocytes, and granulocytes. Total number of hemocytes decreased significantly during hibernation. Most intensive changes in cell size, morphology, and appearance of special structures in granulocytes happened during the hibernation period itself. Termination of hibernation coincides with very important granulocyte transformation and the appearance of specific gigantic short-lived cells. All of the changes in cell number and morphology are characteristics of different hibernation phases and have a major role in adaptive hypothermia. Granulocytes are hemocytes of great importance in immune response while specific functions of hyalinocytes and agranulocytes remain largely unexplored.

Abstract Emperipolesis is considered a physiological phenomena often present in various pathophysiological conditions, but its etiology is still unknown. In this study, we analyzed the number of megakaryocytes and the percentage of emperipoletic cells in the sternal and femoral bone marrow of Wistar rats. Five types in the thrombopoiesis lineage (megakaryoblasts, promegakaryocytes and megakaryocytes - acidophilic, basophilic and thrombocytogenic) were determined. Except for basophilic megakaryocytes, significant differences were found for number of thrombopoietic cells in the sternal and femoral bone marrow. A larger number of thrombocytogenic megakaryocytes were present in the sternal bone marrow. Emperipoletic cells were significantly present in the femoral compared to the sternal bone marrow. Emperipolesis was typical for lymphocytes and neutrophils individually, while emperipolesis with two or more cells within thrombopoietic cell was also present (1-7 %) and significant differences between the sternal and femoral bone marrow were detected. Emperipolesis was found in all analysed rats and it most commonly occured within mature megakaryocytes and rarely megakaryoblasts, while it was not recorded in the promegakaryocytes. The high incidence of megakaryocytes with emperopolesis in rats could be a consequence of “normal” cell retention in the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes while passing blood cells to circulation or related to haematopoietic response due to high incidence of inbreeding.

Software-Defined Networks (SDN) simplify tasks performed by the network switches and centralize the network management by clearly separating networking processes into an application, control, and data plane. An OpenFlow, the flagship of SDN implementation, has reduced the innovation of such networks by diminishing switching tasks to the simple lookup of packet flow tables. A novel hybrid architecture of a deeply programmable packet-switching node (DPPSN), based on field-programmable gate array (FPGA) and central processing unit (CPU) technologies, is proposed, with the aim of overcoming OpenFlow’s limitations regarding the ability to implement new protocols and advanced packet processing functionalities. It has been demonstrated, through the implementation and experimental evaluation of the DPPSN, that it is justified to use hybrid FPGA/CPU architecture for this purpose.

Apical periodontitis represents a chronic inflammatory process within periapical tissues, mostly caused by etiological agents of endodontic origin. Progressive bone resorption in the periapical region represents the hallmark of apical periodontitis and occurs as the consequence of interplay between polymicrobial infections and host response. The Notch signaling pathway is an evolutionary conserved cell-signaling system that plays an important role in a variety of cell functions including proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. In recent years its involvement in bone homeostasis has attracted a significant consideration. We hypothesized that Notch signaling pathway, which has a complex interplay with proinflammatory cytokines and bone resorption regulators, contributes to alveolar bone resorption via increased Notch receptors on immune cell surface and stimulates Notch receptor intracellular domain (NICD) translocation into the nucleus. The potential benefit of medications aimed to down-regulate these pathways in apical periodontitis treatment remains to be assessed.