Throughout history, built environment developed intuitively on empirical experience led by trial and error. Such approach provided resilience and evolvement of patterns that guided spatial organization. Newer interventions in the rural environment resulted in disconnected spatial fragments. By comparing vernacular and contemporary planning and construction practice in the natural park Blidinje, the authors tried to identify the reason for which contemporary interventions resulted in new patterns in spatial planning, ones completely unfamiliar for this geographical area. They identified the reason in the fact that men started to treat the natural space as a commodity, forcing stakeholders to be led primarily by economic principles. Such principles are rigid and linear, instead of contextual in this matter. At the same time, the environmentally sound approach should respect complexity of whole endeavor aiming to achieve diversity and variability. The models developed based on complexity theory and self-organization should preserve continuity and integrity of the place and man. Contemporary Rural Settlements: New Paradigm for Planning and Constructing Rural Settlements Based on Complexity Theory

Introduction. Deja vu (franc. Déjà vu) is a phenomenon experienced by two thirds of all people. However, this phenomenon can follow aura during the temporal lobe epilepsy. It is believed that it originates from hippocampus, which plays a major role in generating epileptic discharges. Some authors emphasize that in these patients déjà vu phenomenon is not an aura but rather it sometimes refers to the attack itself. Method. In this case report, an eightyear-old girl suffering from repeated crisis of consciousness is described. Case report. The aim of the study was to present the case of an eightyearold girl who underwent three crisis of consciousness, headache behind the forehead as well as the repeated déjà vu phenomenon. The girl was hospitalized, after which medical history was taken and physical examination, as well as other diagnostic tests, were performed. EEG recording revealed an increased electrocortical epileptic activity above the right frontotemporal region. An antiepileptic therapy (Karbapin) leading to attack control was introduced. Conclusion. It is necessary to give temporal lobe epilepsy in children with déjà vu phenomenon serious consideration.

As youth find it easier to embrace new ways of thinking, this research sought to send important lessons/messages and develop awareness of the importance of energy efficiency and the use of renewable energy. Therefore, by continuing to educate and inform youth about these issues, they would directly influence both their own and the awareness of their parents or households in which they reside, with the aim of encouraging proper energy management, so that at the end, each family, through proper behavior and implementation of appropriate measures, with little additional cost, could save on energy costs. According to the foregoing, the main objective of the research is, in fact, to investigate knowledge levels of students in the 1 st cycle of studies at the Faculty of Economics and Business of University of Tuzla, in the field of energy efficiency and renewable sources. The methodology used in the paper is based on the use of primary (survey questionnaire) and secondary (desk research) data sources. The research results have shown a very low levels of knowledge and awareness of youth about the importance of energy efficiency and using renewable sources of energy, about the lack of informative and promotional activities in this field, as well as about the interest in environmental protection and energy consumption. Finally, insufficient involvement of youth in the decision-making process regarding energy efficiency and renewable energy was detected.

On the occasion of the 11th Days of Academy of Medical Sciences of Bosnia and Herzegovina and 3rd Seminar about Writing, Editing and Publishing (SWEP) at Holiday hotel in Sarajevo was organized webinar about COVID-19 Pandemic experiences in Bosnia and Herzegovina. During the webinar members of the Academy from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, North Macedonia, Poland, and USA participated with very interesting presentations (1-5). We also presented lecture about our institution and our professional experiences during pandemic time. Some of important facts which we presented are mentioned in this letter to editor. Medical Institute Bayer (MIB) is a continuation of the BH Heart Center Tuzla, which was founded in 2008. The goal of establishing the Center was to build a modern, functional hospital that will meet all prescribed norms and standards, and eliminate all limiting factors in the development of cardiac surgery, interventional cardiology and vascular surgery (Figure 1).

This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: the diatom alga Eunotia boreoalpina; the saprotrophic fungus Clitocybe truncicola; the liverwort Haplomitrium hookeri; the moss Leptodon smithii: the monocots Epipactis purpurata, Stipa tirsa, Typha laxmannii and T. shuttleworthii; and the dicots Krascheninnikovia ceratoides, Polygonum albanicum and Sorbus latifolia.

Leaf and shoot characteristics of the following four European barberry taxa from the Balkan Peninsula and Sicily were investigated in the present study: Berberis croatica, B. vulgaris, B. aetnensis and B. cretica. Analyses were based on 10 populations of B. croatica, five of B. vulgaris and two populations of both B. aetnensis and B. cretica. Populations were randomly selected within the natural distribution area of these species. Eight leaf traits, three shoot traits and the blade length/width ratio were analysed. Multivariate analysis (principal component analysis, canonical discriminant analysis and cluster analysis) distinguished B. cretica and B. aetnensis populations and, to a lesser extent, the populations of B. croatica and B. vulgaris. ANOVA showed that the analysed populations of both B. aetnensis and B. cretica were homogeneous within the species. All populations of both B. croatica and B. vulgaris showed different degrees of intraspecies variability. Lack of complete separation, the observed grouping of populations and high intraspecies variability in B. vulgaris and B. croatica may reflect the fact that the sampled B vulgaris and B.croatica populations were located at environmentally variable sites (unlike B. aetnensis and B. cretica), resulting in high phenotypic plasticity in those populations. Even though the observed patterns of morphological variation support the idea of four barberry taxa on the Balkan Peninsula and in Sicily, because of suspected adaptive phenotypic plasticity of the analysed Berberis taxa, the true taxonomic status of these taxa needs to be additionally confirmed by molecular methods.

Background/Aim: The World Health Organization (WHO) declared the spread of a novel disease COVID-19 as a pandemic on 11 March 2020. As of 12 June, there have been more than 7.4 million COVID-19 cases and more than 418,000 COVID-19 deaths globally. This paper represents epidemiological analysis of the first 100 days of COVID-19 epidemic in the Republic of Srpska. Methods: Data of all COVID-19 cases confirmed in the Republic of Srpska between 4 March and 12 June were collected from epidemiological and laboratory testing reports obtained from the Public Health Institute of the Republic of Srpska. This cross-sectional analysis was carried out on a sample of 1,607 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases, which included: summary of patient characteristics, examination of age distributions and sex ratios, calculation of case fatality and mortality rates, incidence rates analysis, epidemiological curve construction and subgroup analysis. Results: Over 100 days after the first case was confirmed, the total number of infected patients in the Republic of Srpska rose to 1,607 (31,471 persons had been tested). As of 12 June, 69.9 % of those cases has recovered. During that period there were 117 confirmed deaths (average age 72 years; 60.7 % males; 86 % older than 60 years; 94 % with at least one comorbidity). The sex ratio among the confirmed cases was 0.95:1 (48.7 % men vs 51.3 % women). Infections were less common in persons below 20 years of age (7.3 % of all confirmed cases) and the majority of the affected persons were in the group 40-69 years of age. As much as 86 % of all death cases occurred in persons older than 60 years (average age 72 years) and 94 % of all death cases had at least one underlying condition (mostly cardiovascular diseases, 79.5 %). Conclusion: Evaluating the clinical data of COVID-19 patients, finding the source of infection and studying the behavior of the disease is crucial for understanding of the pandemic.

Background/Aim. After having established an indication for surgery, some patients experience sense of fear, unpleasantness and embarrassment due to the expectance of adverse consequences of surgical intervention. Recently an instrument for measuring fear of surgery - the Surgical Fear Questionnaire (SFQ) - was developed and validated on a sample of Dutch patients awaiting surgery. The objective of this study was to translate the SFQ to Serbian language, make cultural adaptation of the translation and test its reliability and validity in a sample of outpatients in Serbia. Methods. The SFQ was translated and adapted according to the accepted international standards (double forward translation, harmonization, backward translation, and piloting). The study was multicentric, involving patients from 7 cities in 3 countries: Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Hercegovina. It was conducted at state-owned health facilities. The sample was of consecutive nature and consisted of 330 outpatients who visited specialists of either internal medicine or general surgery. Results. Translated SFQ showed excellent reliability, both when rated by the investigators (Cronbach’s alpha 0.915), and by the patients themselves (Cronbach’s alpha 0.917). It is temporally stable, and both divergent and convergent validity tests had good results. Factorial analysis revealed one domain on the whole study sample and two domains like in original on the subsample of patients without experience with surgery in general anesthesia. Conclusion. Identification of patients with high level of fear of surgery by this questionnaire should help clinicians to administer measures which may decrease fear and prevent avoidance of absolutely necessary surgery by such patients.