Several haematological parameters in Herzegovinian donkeys based on gender and age were analysed in this study. The study included 30 clinically healthy donkeys (12 males and 18 females), between one and twenty years of age. Donkeys were grouped in three age classes: young (1-2 years, n=10), adult (3-6 years, n=12) and old donkeys (7-20 years, n=8). A total of seven haematological parameters were analysed. In both genders and in all age groups, the mean values of MCHC were slightly above the recommended reference intervals for donkeys in general. The mean values of HCT in females and in adult donkeys were lower than the reference intervals. The PLT mean values in female, and in young and old Herzegovinian donkeys were lower than the reference intervals. Gender significantly affected HCT and Hb values (p=0.049; p=0.046, respectively), which were significantly higher in males. Age significantly affected WBC and LYM count, which were lowest in young donkeys.

Abstract Urinary tract infections can be uncomfortable, painful and even dangerous for most dog breeds. Clinical signs are often nonspecific and insufficient for diagnosis. Urinalysis in combination with biochemical parameters and urine culture is the best combination of clinical findings for diagnosis of urinary tract infections. The incidence of urinary tract infections in dogs population is growing and 27% of dogs develop an urinary tract infection through their life. Urinary infections occur more often in the elderly than in younger dogs. More than 70% of all urinary tract infections are infections with one bacterial species. Biochemical profile is important aspect for diagnosis establishment, but due to the nature of action infection by different agents may be considered as individual case. The main aim of this research was to analyse biochemical parameters of Maltese and Belgian Shepherd (Malinois) dog breed, who were affected by urinary tract infections. Urea concentration was elevated in Malinois, while urea, phosphates, albumins and alkaline phosphatase activity were elevated in Maltese dogs. Statistical analysis showed differences in concentrations of urea, creatinine, phosphates, so as alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and amylase activity between compared breeds during acute urinary infections. Maltese dogs are less resistant to bacterias, that causes urinary tract infections, and have lower chance to maintain homeostasis of biochemical parameters in blood during urinary bacterial infections, in comparison to Maltese dogs.

Abstract Adaptation mechanisms as response to water content, oxygen level and pollutants are very important and they can be interpreted by hematological analysis. The aim of this study was the analysis of hematological and immune adaptations of common carp (Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758) to thermal stress. All specimens were divided into a control and experimental group. The control group of fish was exposed to a constant water temperature of 10°C. We induced thermal stress in experimental fish by gradually heating water to 28°C, held for 30 minutes and then comparing the obtained results with the control fish. Short-term hyperthermia lead to an increase of the number of leukocytes, especially pseudoeosinophilic granulocytes and monocytes, while the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes was reduced. The analysis of the leukocyte number and differential blood count in the control group showed high individual variation of segmented granulocytes, monocytes and pseudoeosinophilic granulocytes. Statistically significant differences (p=0.00) were found for the white blood cells, nonsegmented neutrophils and pseudoeosinophils between the control and experimental group. The experimental group of males had an increased number of white blood cells, monocytes and pseudoeosinophils, where significant differences were found for nonsegmented and total neutrophils and also for pseudoeosinophils (p=0.00), lymphocytes (p=0.01) and monocytes (p=0.03). Females had an increased total number of white blood cells, lymphocytes, monocytes and pseudoeosinophils, while significant differences (p=0.00) were obtained in the number of white blood cells, nonsegmented and total neutrophils and pseudoeosinophils between the control and experimental group. Adaptation mechanisms in carp after water temperature heating are mostly reflected in the increase of pseudoeosinophils and the decrease of neutrophils.

This research provides the first data on the morphological identification of the leukopoietic lineages (leukopoies) in the bone marrow of the Wistar rats. Seven types of cells were identified: myeloblasts, promyelocytes, myelocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils), metamyelocytes and band granulocytes. It was necessary to apply standard staining by using Pappenheim and cytochemical peroxidase method protocol for the proper cellular identification. Because of the consistency of the tissue, bone marrow isolation is not possible by the standard methods, it is only possible by the use of the touch technique. Mature neutrophils had high prevalence in the bone marrow, followed by the neutrophilic myelocytes. The largest among observed cells were the myeloblasts and promyelocytes. Identified cells showed great resemblance to human bone marrow cells, which is very important for any future experimental research.

1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina 2 Department of Internal diseases, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina ABSTRACT. Urinary tract infections can be uncomfortable, painful and even dangerous for most dog breeds. Clinical signs are often nonspecific and insufficient for diagnosis. Urinalysis in combination with biochemical parameters and urine culture is the best combination of clinical findings for diagnosis of urinary tract infections. The incidence of urinary tract infections in dogs population is growing and 27% of dogs develop an urinary tract infection through their life. Urinary infections occur more often in the elderly than in younger dogs. More than 70% of all urinary tract infections are infections with one bacterial species. Biochemical profile is important aspect for diagnosis establishment, but due to the nature of action infection by different agents may be considered as individual case. The main aim of this research was to analyse biochemical parameters of Maltese and Belgian Shepherd (Malinois) dog breed, who were affected by urinary tract infections. Urea concentration was elevated in Malinois, while urea, phosphates, albumins and alkaline phosphatase activity were elevated in Maltese dogs. Statistical analysis showed differences in concentrations of urea, creatinine, phosphates, so as alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and amylase activity between compared breeds during acute urinary infections. Maltese dogs are less resistant to bacterias, that causes urinary tract infections, and have lower chance to maintain homeostasis of biochemical parameters in blood during urinary bacterial infections, in comparison to Maltese dogs.

The focus of this study was on genetic diversity of TB horse population raised in B&H. Genomic DNA was genotyped by using 17 microsatellite markers. A total of 103 alleles were detected. The average number of alleles per locus was 6.059 and effective number of alleles was 3.293. Means of observed and expected heterozygosity were calculated 0.645 and 0.696, respectively. The average PIC values was 0.649 and inbreeding coefficient was 0.090. Based on all observed parameters, ASB2 locus showed the highest genetic diversity while locus HMS2 was the least diverse. These results suggest that the population of TB horses from B&H is not affected by substantial loss of genetic diversity, indicating the presence of reasonably high level of genetic variability.

The serum concentrations of hormones are widely used to diagnose thyroid and adrenocortical diseases in animals. The objectives of the present study were, for the first time, to determine serum thyroxine (T4) and cortisol values in Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain horses, and to investigate the influences of age and gender on T4 and cortisol levels. Blood samples were collected on the stud farm Borike from 23 apparently healthy horses of both sexes aged between two and twenty-three years. Horses were grouped in three age classes: young mature horses, middle-aged horses and old horses. Serum samples were analyzed for T4 and cortisol concentrations. The T4 values ranged from 6 to 45 nmol/L with a mean ±SD of 22.83±8.32 nmol/L. The cortisol values ranged from 149 to 190 nmol/L with a mean ±SD of 171.57±11.46 nmol/L. Values of T4 decreased with increasing age (p=0.021). Mean value of T4 in young mature horses was 27.60 nm/L, in middle-aged horses was 19.40 nm/L and in old horses was 18.33 nm/L. Values of T4 were significantly higher (p=0.031) in females (24.88 nm/L) than in males (18.14 nm/L). Negative significant correlation between age and hormone concentration was observed for T4 (r = -0.431; p = 0.040). Differences between gender or age classes for cortisol values were not significant. The mean total serum T4 and cortisol values in Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain horses were in the normal reference ranges for horses, and both age and gender significantly affected T4 levels.

Herzegovinian donkey is a very important animal resource of Bosnia and Herzegovina. There have been no works attempted at determining the normal values of hematological parameters of Herzegovinian donkey. For this reason, the objective of the present study was to investigate some hematological parameters in Herzegovinian donkey. The research was performed on 30 apparently healthy donkeys (18 female and 12 male) of ages from 1 to 20 years. Blood samples (3 ml) were obtained by jugular vein puncture (vena jugularis externa) in vacuum tubes with EDTA. The mean value of hematocrit was 29.19 %, hemoglobin concentration 10.6 g/dl, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration 36.33 g/dl, white blood cells 9.33 x109/L, granulocytes (109/L) 5.45 x109/L, granulocytes (%) 59.47%, lymphocyte/monocyte (109/L) 3.89 x109/L, lymphocyte/monocyte (%) 40.53% and platelet cells 148.97 x109/L. Parameters were determined using an automated analyzer IDEXX QBC VET AutoRead. Data were analyzed by SPSS V 15. All hematological parameters (except platelet cells) were consistent with the recommended reference ranges for donkeys, and the values found in literature so far. Platelet cells values were much lower than in the literature for the other donkey breeds and the recommended reference ranges for donkeys. The slight differences found between our results and those reported in the previous works confirm the need for further studies to investigate the reference values of hematological parameters of Herzegovinian donkey. This work is a contribution to the study of hematological parameters of Herzegovinian donkey, and we expect these data to be applied to the further studies.

21 RRJVS| Volume 2 | Issue 1 | March, 2016 Genetic Diversity of Arabian Horse from Stud "Borike" (Bosnia and Herzegovina) Using Microsatellite Markers Dunja Rukavina1*, Danica Hasanbašić1, Adaleta Durmić-Pašić2, Belma Kalamujić2, Amir Zahirović3, Jasmin Ramić2, Naris Pojskić2 1Department for Biology, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90. Bosnia and Herzegovia. 2Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 8. Bosnia and Herzegovia. 3Department for Internal Diseases, Veterinary Faculty, University of Sarajevo, Zmaja od Bosne 90, Bosnia and Herzegovia.

In the present study, for the first time we investigated the genetic diversity among horse breeds from Bosnia and Herzegovina: potential Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain horse, Arabian horse, Thoroughbred horse and crossbreeds, with special emphasis on the gene pool of potential Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain horse. In total, 138 animals were genotyped for 17 microsatellite loci. Compared to the other breeds, potential Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain horse showed quite a high genetic variability. The mean number of alleles was 14.1765. The average observed heterozygosity was 0.6589 and the expected heterozygosity was 0.8451. The mean value of polymorphic information content was 0.8286. The results of AMOVA test showed 8,44% of genetic variation among populations. The highest genetic variation within population was showed by potential Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain horse (27.13). The same breed showed the highest individual variation (17.35). Overall FST value showed high level of the genetic differentiation among breeds (8.87 %), and the pairwise FST values were all significant. Highest inter-group genetic differentiation was observed among Arabian horse and Thoroughbred horse (groups of pure breeds) and potential Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain horse. The results show that the potential Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain horse has a high in-breed variability, more than could be expected. In the gene pool of potential Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain horse, a part of the gene pool of other breeds is present. Also, these results show that there are very good preconditions for the revitalization of the gene pool of potential Bosnian and Herzegovinian mountain horse. Keywords: Horse, genetic diversity, microsatellites

Farming fallow deer (Dama dama) is fairly recent but progressing over the last decade. Quantitative progression though has not been followed by quality management, especially in its health management part. This is mostly due to the owners willing to gain results with minimum investment. Instead, what ensues is low quality with poor results. Taking all this into account, in our country there has not been systematic research on health status of the fallow deer. Our aim is to record biochemical parameters of clinically healthy animals. We observed 32 animals of both sexes with different body masses and in good condition. Our research resulted in statistically relevant information on AP, ALT, AST, glucose, creatinine and urea. By doing this, we were the first in Bosnia and Herzegovina to gain results to set reference values for crucial biochemical parameters. Comparing similar researches in the region, our results will constitute the base for the future research as well as for regular health monitoring of fallow deer farms in BiH. Key words: fallow deers, farms, biochemical parameters

Wild boars are present in the country as game freely living in the nature, but in a controlled breeding as well, for the purposes of training hunting dogs. Monitoring the health status of animals is important both from the clinical and epidemiological stand points. Studies of the health status of wildlife in Bosnia and Herzegovina are very rare, and we do not know any earlier information on the study of biochemical parameters of blood of these animals in our country. Our aim was not only to establish starting results but also to affirm similar research. The study was conducted on two farms with 23 and 16 young wild boars. The animals were in good health condition and housed in a controlled, enclosed part of the natural habitat. After fixing and restraint of animals, blood was sampled from V. auricularis magna into vacutainers, without anticoagulant. The serum values of the following biochemical parameters were determined: potassium, sodium, calcium, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase. The differences as regards activities of certain parameters were evidenced among farms as well as in comparison with the results obtained by other authors. These and other studies aiming the protection of game health are important steps toward understanding the pathology and the pathological physiology of these animals. This research may be considered a pioneering step in that direction for Bosnia and Herzegovina and should be continued in order to reach the most credible results with an aim of improving the protection of health of wild but also of the domestic animals and humans.