This paper examines the level of payment for ecosystem services (PES) concept implementation in the financing of water-related forest ecosystem services (ES) in the Republic of Croatia, the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FB&H), the Republic of Slovenia, and the Republic of Serbia. The focus is on water-related forest ES recognised by the millennium ecosystem assessment (MEA). For the purpose of this paper, the term pure PES describes schemes that comply to all five conditions set by Wunder definition and term PES like for those schemes that miss some of those conditions. In the first step, the most important legislative documents related to forests, water, and environmental protection were selected. The second consists of a content analysis; focusing on the definition of ES; the definition of fees or payments; the establishment of ‘forest funds’, ‘water funds’, or ‘environmental funds’; and the way these funds were spent. Here we looked at the flow of funding into the forestry sector recognising forest management as the main water-related forest ES provider. Research revealed existence of well-established payments schemes in forestry in Croatia for almost 30 years and in FB&H for some 20 years which were assessed as closest to pure PES. In Serbia and Slovenia, there were no PES or PES like schemes in the forestry sector. In the water sector the well-established PES like payments schemes existing in all four countries. The environmental protection sector, however, rely more on the tax like rather than on the PES like schemes. Legislation in general recognised the link between forests and water, but this was much more evident in the forestry than in the water or environment sector. The role of the state is strongly pronounced in all countries studied, and was the main driving force behind all payments. However, this position of the state represents also the main obstacle for the development of pure PES schemes, together with underdeveloped private forestry and complex socio-economic conditions. Nevertheless, there is room for further development of pure PES and PES like schemes based on EU or global experiences.

Functional activation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) has been shown to strongly promote carcinogenesis, leading to the investigation of HER2-directed agents in cancers with HER2 genomic alterations. This has been best documented in the context of HER2 gene amplification in breast and gastric/gastroesophageal junction carcinomas for which several HER2-directed agents are available and have become a part of standard treatment regimens. Somatic HER2 gene mutations have been recently described at low frequency in a variety of human cancers and have emerged as a novel predictive biomarker for HER2-directed therapies. Preclinical data also indicate that activating HER2 mutations are potent oncogenic drivers in a manner that is analogous to HER2 amplification. HER2 mutations may clinically confer sensitivity to HER2-directed agents as recently shown in a phase II clinical trial with antibody-drug conjugate against HER2 trastuzumab deruxtecan in patients with non-squamous non-small cell lung carcinoma.

The present study investigated the impact of English as the global language on Bosnian with a particular focus on the use of English words among adult Bosnian speakers. Thus, the survey was administered to 200 participants to get an insight into their preferences for native Bosnian words, foreign English words and adapted English words. The analysis revealed that English has gained a prominent status in Bosnia and Herzegovina, not rarely being preferred over the native structures with a similar or equivalent meaning. Furthermore, filling lexical gaps does not seem to motivate borrowing, but rather a wish to transmit a message of a more modern lifestyle.

Even though the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) technologies have been significantly addressed in managerial literature, few studies investigated the topic in context of Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). This study explores the ERP technologies adoption using a Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Accordingly, effects of Perceived Ease of Use and Perceived Usefulness on Behavioral Intention and Actual Use of ERP technologies in B&H will be investigated. Valid and reliable structured survey has been prepared and delivered to companies in B&H which are using ERP technologies. Based on the recent literature, first order structural equation model has been proposed and tested. In total, 82 questionnaire responses have been collected from companies in B&H which are using ERP technologies. Factory data analysis has been performed to purify scales through items’ loadings and Cronbach’s Alpha values. The scales were also tested for Convergent validity through partial least-square path modelling using Smart PLS 3 software. Results indicated that effects of Perceived Ease of Use on Behavioral Intention and Perceived Usefulness are significant and positive. Business Innovativeness has significant effects on Actual ERP System Use while Perceived Usefulness does not appear to be predictor of Behavioral Intention.

U organizaciji Drustva arhivskih zaposlenika Tuzlanskog kantona održana je 27. i 28. septembra 2019. godine u hotelu ''Mellain'' u Tuzli Međunarodna konferen-cija pod nazivom ''Tuzlanski arhivski dani''. Konferencija je okupila strucnjake iz oblasti arhivistike, historije i informaciono-komunikacijskih tehnologija iz Slovenije, Hrvatske, Bosne i Hercegovine i Srbije. Izloženo je 19 naucnih radova sa okvirnom temom ''Elektronski zapisi kao historijski izvori cetvrte generacije – znacaj, zastita i koristenje''. Rijec je o veoma aktuelnoj temi s obzirom na cinjenicu da u arhive vec godinama stiže sve vise digitalne građe.

U ovom radu se analizira uloga provajdera bezbednosti na nacionalnom nivouu kontroli zločina mržnje. Poseban osvrt je dat na ulogu policije i tužilaštva, ali i drugihsubjekata koji imaju društveni značaj u stvaranju pogodnog ambijenta za prevenciju ovihkrivičnih dela. To su prvenstveno vaspito-obrazovne institucije, političke elite, i mediji.Efi kasna kontrola zločina mržnje je sveobuhvatan proces u kome aktivno treba da buduuključeni različiti subjekti u društvu, ne samo organi formalne društvene kontrole. Integalniprisup ovom problemu dugoročno može dati pozitivne rezultate, bilo da je reč orepresivnom delovanju ili o prevenciji.

In this paper is analysed the role of security providers at the national level in the control of hate crimes. The special particular reference is given on the role of the police and prosecutor’s offi ce but also the other entities which have a social signifi cance in the creation of the suitable environment for the prevention of these criminal offences. Those are primarily educational institutions, political elites and media. Effi cient control of the hate crimes is a comprehensive process in which should actively be involved different entities in the society, not only the authorities of the formal social control. Integral approach to this problem can give positive results in the long run, whether it is about the repressive action or the prevention.

Alpha defensins are anti-microbial peptides of the innate immune system. The defensin A1 and A3 genes are located in a repeat array of variable copy number (the DEFA1A3 locus) and encode the human neutrophil peptides 1, 2 and 3. The possibility that copy number variation (CNV) may be associated with infection susceptibility and autoimmune pathology motivated the study of DEFA1A3 CNV across populations. We enhanced two existing methods (one qPCR-based and one sequencing-based) to enable copy number estimation that discriminates between DEFA1 and DEFA3 genes. We used these methods to quantify A1/A3 copy number variation in 2504 samples from the 1000 Genomes high-coverage dataset as well as performing FiberFISH assays on selected samples to visualize the haplotypes. These methods produce accurate estimates and show that there are substantial differences between populations. The African population is a clear outlier with a high frequency of the ancestral pure DEFA1 haplotype, but also harbours exceptionally long haplotypes of 24 copies of both DEFA1 and DEFA3, whilst the East Asian population displays the highest mean level of DEFA3 copy number. Further, our findings demonstrate that qPCR can be an accurate method for CNV estimation and that defensins substantially extend the known range of copy number variation for a human protein-coding gene.

Alpha defensins are anti-microbial peptides of the innate immune system. The defensin A1 and A3 genes are located in a repeat array of variable copy number (the DEFA1A3 locus) and encode the human neutrophil peptides 1, 2 and 3. The possibility that copy number variation (CNV) may be associated with infection susceptibility and autoimmune pathology motivated the study of DEFA1A3 CNV across populations. We enhanced two existing methods (one qPCR-based and one sequencing-based) to enable copy number estimation that discriminates between DEFA1 and DEFA3 genes. We used these methods to quantify A1/A3 copy number variation in 2504 samples from the 1000 Genomes high-coverage dataset as well as performing FiberFISH assays on selected samples to visualize the haplotypes. These methods produce accurate estimates and show that there are substantial differences between populations. The African population is a clear outlier with a high frequency of the ancestral pure DEFA1 haplotype, but also harbours exceptionally long haplotypes of 24 copies of both DEFA1 and DEFA3 , whilst the East Asian population displays the highest mean level of DEFA3 copy number. Further, our findings demonstrate that qPCR can be an accurate method for CNV estimation and that defensins substantially extend the known range of copy number variation for a human protein-coding gene.

Upper esophageal sphincter is an important anatomical landmark of the swallowing process commonly observed through the kinematic analysis of radiographic examinations that are vulnerable to subjectivity and clinical feasibility issues. Acting as the doorway of esophagus, upper esophageal sphincter allows the transition of ingested materials from pharyngeal into esophageal stages of swallowing and a reduced duration of opening can lead to penetration/aspiration and/or pharyngeal residue. Therefore, in this study we consider a non-invasive high resolution cervical auscultation-based screening tool to approximate the human ratings of upper esophageal sphincter opening and closure. Swallows were collected from 116 patients and a deep neural network was trained to produce a mask that demarcates the duration of upper esophageal sphincter opening. The proposed method achieved more than 90% accuracy and similar values of sensitivity and specificity when compared to human ratings even when tested over swallows from an independent clinical experiment. Moreover, the predicted opening and closure moments surprisingly fell within an inter-human comparable error of their human rated counterparts which demonstrates the clinical significance of high resolution cervical auscultation in replacing ionizing radiation-based evaluation of swallowing kinematics.