Polymeric materials have an important role in gluing technology due to their broad application in the wood industry, metal industry, glass, and ceramics industry as well as medicine. This article discusses the basic physicochemical aspects of bonding with adhesives and also, the mechanisms of action of the adhesive materials during bonding based on polymerization processes and different types of polymerization. It was emphasized that depending on the material used in gluing, various adhesives with different physicochemical characteristics facilitate and contribute to the quality of the bonded joints. In this way, it is an insured procedure that is suitable for materials that are sensitive to the effects of heat, because welding and soldering would deform the base material and often the total degradation of its mechanical properties.

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Although there is considerable evidence suggesting a strong association of glucose, glycated hemoglobin and fatty acid levels with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), a limited number of studies have examined the association of individual fatty acids with disease progression. Acutely elevated plasma fatty acids stimulate insulin secretion while chronically elevated plasma fatty acids alter and disrupt insulin secretion. Furthermore, free fatty acids (FFA) are known to interfere with normal glucose homeostasis and affect pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. The study included 24 patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes and 27 healthy controls, and analysis of the level of glucose and glycated hemoglobin was done by routine methods. The concentration of individual FFA was determined by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. The results showed statistically significant differences in glucose, HbA1c, lipid profile, palmitic, linolenic, arachidonic, arachidonic, behenic acid as well as in DHA levels in all participants. In healthy subjects, no significant correlation was found between glucose and individual free fatty acids but a negative correlation was observed between DHA and glycated hemoglobin (p<0.05). Newly diagnosed diabetics showed a negative significant association between glucose and lauric acid concentrations, and also the association of glycated hemoglobin with myristic acid levels (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). These data indicate the association of different types of free fatty acids with glucose levels and their control in the serum of healthy and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics, and therefore indicate the importance of monitoring glucose levels as well as glycated hemoglobin with concentrations of individual free fatty acids in the progression of diabetes.

The aim of this study was to study the impact of crop load on the yield and grape quality of ‘Merlot’ and ‘Vranac’ (Vitis vinifera L.) in Trebinje vineyard. The crop load levels studied in this trial were 9 buds (V1) and 12 buds (V2) per vine at each variety trained on Lenz-Moser bilateral cordon system. The impact was determined by measurements of yield per vine and grape quality characterized by the contents of total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenolics, total flavonoids and by total antioxidant capacity. The measured parameters of grape quality of ‘Merlot’ and ‘Vranac’ were not influenced significantly by crop load levels. V2, compared to the V1, showed the potential for increasing grape yield only for Merlot variety under experimental conditions. The results of this study also showed a positive correlation between total phenolics/flavonoids and total antioxidant capacity of grape berries in both varieties, regardless of crop loads applied.

Bilirubin represent a natural end-product of heme metabolism and is used as as a marker in diagnosis off hepatobiliary diseases. Recent studies demonstrated that serum bilirubin levels are related to the risk of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) development and subsequent complications. The aim of this study was to analyzed serum total bilirubin concentrations and its relationship with biochemical and clinical characteristics in T2D patients. Total of 109 participants were included in this study, 54 controls and 55 diabetic patients, both gender, while ages ranged from 35 to 70 years. Biochemical parameters were analyzed by standard IFCC methods while serum total bilirubin concentrations was determined by the method of Jendrassik/Gróf. All analyses and measurements were provided by using the chemical analyzer VITROS 350. Results showed a significant difference in concentrations of glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol) and bilirubin between T2D patients and controls (p<0.05). Also, significant association was found between bilirubin and glucose concentrations in two investigated populations (p<0.05). It appears that elevated concentration of bilirubin and biochemical characteristics are associated with the progression development of Type 2 diabetes and its related vascular complications. Therefore, total serum bilirubin concentrations could be used as potential T2D biomarker and therefore, as new therapeutic target.

Both essential and heavy metals play important roles in human health and diseases. The aim of the present study was to determinate concentrations of essential and heavy metals, such as Na, K, Ca, Mg, Cu, Cr, Mn, Ni, Fe, Pb, Zn, and Cd, in the leaves of Mentha longifolia L. and Mentha × piperita L. The plant material samples were collected from six different locations in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H), at selected distances from heavy metal pollution sources. Wet digestion was applied for the dissolution of samples and essential and heavy metals concentrations were analysed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry and (FAAS). Results of the analysis (expressed as mg g–1) were obtained as follows: Na 2.08–4.12; K 14.85–22.54; Ca 9.06–15.53; Mg 1.93–3.12; Cu 0.01–0.05; Cr 0.70–0.90; Mn 0.02–0.09; Ni 1.10–7.00; Fe 0.06–1.11; Pb 0.10–0.90; Zn 0.01–0.04. The cadmium concentration in all samples was below the detection limit by FAAS. Strong correlation between Ni and Pb, as well as Ni and Fe, confirmed mostly environmental and processing influence/impact. In conclusion, Mentha longifolia L. and Mentha × piperita L. can be used in daily consumption considering the high content of essential metals Fe, Cu, Mg, and Zn, and their beneficial effects on normal body function. In addition, there is no risk of heavy metals to human health after consuming these samples due to lower concentrations.