The world is facing an unprecedented outbreak affecting all aspects of human lives which is caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Due to the virus novelty, healthcare systems are challenged by a high rate of patients and the shortage of medical products. To address an increased need for essential medical products, national authorities, worldwide, made various legislative concessions. This has led to essential medical products being produced by automotive, textile and other companies from various industries and approved under the emergency use authorizations or legal concessions of national regulatory bodies. This paper presents a narrative commentary of the available documentation on emergency use authorizations and legal concessions for medical products during COVID-19 pandemic. The basis for narrative commentary includes scientific articles published in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Embase databases, official publications of international organizations: Food and Drug Agency (FDA), World Health Organisation (WHO), World Bank and United Nations (UN), and national regulatory agency reports in native languages (English, German, Bosnian, and Croatian) published from November 1, 2019 to May 1, 2020. This paper focuses on three types of essential medical products: mechanical ventilators, personal protective equipment (PPE) and diagnostic tests. Evidence-informed commentary of available data and potential identified risks of emergency use authorizations and legal concessions is presented. It is recognized that now more than ever, raising global awareness and knowledge about the importance of respecting the essential requirements is needed to guarantee the appropriate quality, performance and safety of medical products, especially during outbreak situation, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Emergency use authorizations for production, import and approval of medical products should be strictly specified and clearly targeted from case to case and should not be general or universal for all medical products, because all of them are associated with different risk level. Presented considerations and experiences should be taken as a guide for all possible future outbreak situations to prevent improvised reactions of national regulatory bodies.

ABSTRACT High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPV) can be present and cooperate with Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) to promote the onset and/or progression of various cancers including cervical, breast, head and neck as well as colorectal. In this investigation, we explored the co-prevalence of high-risk HPV and EBV in 74 breast cancer tissues from Qatari women using polymerase chain reaction. We found that high-risk HPV and EBV are present in 48/74 (65%) and 36/74 (49%) of the cases, respectively. While we noted that the presence of HPV presence is associated with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) (p = .008), however, the presence of EBV did not correlate with any breast cancer subgroup. Moreover, our data revealed that high-risk HPV and EBV are co-present in 35/74 (47%) of the samples and their co-presence is significantly associated with tumor grade (p = .04) and tumor stage (p = .04). These data indicate that HPV and EBV are commonly co-present in breast cancer and their association could be linked with a more aggressive tumor phenotype. Thus, further investigations are essential to understand the underlying mechanisms of HPV and EBV cooperation in breast carcinogenesis.

: The main objective of this study was to examine the characteristics and the relationship between walnuts in the Una-Sana Canton based on phenotypic properties. This is the first study of preselection of walnut variability in this area. In this study, we evaluated the phenological and morphological characteristics of 75 selected genotypes during 2014 and 2015. Twenty-four phenotypic traits were monitored throughout 2 years on different sites. The results of the PCA analysis showed a very high heterogeneity of walnut seedlings on the examined sites, from the aspect of observed parameters. A limited number of superior genotypes were found, but individual genotypes with high nut and kernel weight, as well as the colour of the kernel were determined, which would classify them as high-ranked parents in hybridization programs. Certain number of genotypes with high values of traits such as: nut weight, kernel weight and a high percentage of kernel were selected for future studies. Amongst the selected trees, genotype G25 had the highest weight of nuts and kernel, as well as a satisfactory color of the kernel. This genotype could be used as a superior tree for further breeding programs in the future. A highlevel of phenotypic variability in this studyrevealed the existence of a rich genetics pool of nuts variation. The genetic diversity of walnuts obtained from our studies will represent a valuable source of information for breeding programs of Persian walnut in future.

Immersion tests with different stainless steels have been performed, while the pH was stepwise decreased and then increased again. During 8.5‐day exposure, the depassivation and repassivation pH values as a function of pitting resistance equivalent number were determined. There is always a gap between both pH values (depassivation and repassivation), indicating that for every steel, there are conditions where an existing passive layer can be maintained but cannot be rebuilt after depassivation. In such environments, the passive layer is thicker, consisting mainly of molybdenum and iron rich oxides, while chromium is dissolved. Usually, depending on conditions, the passive layer is more chromium‐rich, especially the inner layer. This is relevant, for example, for acidizing jobs in oil and gas industry, proving that repassivation after acidizing will happen promptly, when the pH is increased again.

Surf-riding/broaching failure mode is one of the Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria (SGISC) dealt by IMO. The SGISC are structured with a multi-tiered approach: Level 1, Level 2 and Direct Stability Assessment (DSA). When a ship does not verify one level, the next once must be applied, or the ship design must be modified. If ship changes are not feasible, Operational Measures (OM) can be provided to avoid dangerous situations and reduce the likelihood of stability failures. The OM are divided into Operational Limitations (OL) related to areas or routes and related to maximum significant wave heights and Operational Guidance (OG). The surf-riding criterion has been applied on the parent hull of the Systematic Series D, a fast semi-displacement naval hull with forms typically vulnerable to surf-riding phenomenon. The 90 m length ship results vulnerable to Level 1 and 2, therefore Operational Measures have been discussed and provided for a hypothetical route in the Mediterranean Sea (Area 26). Following the OL, in considered Area 26 the ship operations are limited when significant wave heights exceed 3.8 m. The simplified OG define critical ship speeds to be avoided for each considered sea state.

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) finalized the Second Generation Intact Stability Criteria (SGISC), in February 2020. They are intended to be included in Part A of the 2008 International Code on Intact Stability in the following years. The SGISC consider five modes of dynamic stability failure in waves: parametric roll, pure loss of stability, surf-riding/broaching to, dead ship condition and excessive acceleration. In this paper, two semi-displacement, round bilge and transom stern hull forms, the parent hull of the Systematic Series D and the ONR Tumblehome, i.e. typical naval hull forms, are examined. Although naval ships are not directly impacted by SGISC, they are sensitive to dynamic stability failure phenomena due to their geometry and range of service speeds. The procedures to assess the ship vulnerability to the dead ship condition and excessive acceleration criteria, referring to the latest drafts of the criteria (SDC 7/5, 2019), were implemented in Matlab®,. The limiting KG curves associated with this set of criteria were obtained for each vessel. The minimum allowable KG curve associated with the excessive acceleration criterion was compared with the maximum allowable KG curve associated with dead ship condition, to investigate the existence of a safe operational area.

This paper contains results from ichthyofaunal research of freshwater fish in Bosnia and Herzegovina during 20th and at the beginning of twenty-first century. We found presence of more than 100 parasitic species from different groups in 52 freshwater fish species from Black Sea and Adriatic basins and some breeding ponds. Detected parasites belong to Trematoda – 25 species, Monogenea – 15, Cestoda – 16, Nematoda – 15, Acanthocephala - 11, Oligohymenophorea - 5, Phyllopharyngea - 3, and Copepoda – 2 species. Other detected parasite groups are Kinetoplastea, Trepomonadea, Myxosporea, Myxoza, Ichthyostraca, Clitellata and Bivalvia with one species each. This study shows the necessity of research of complete parasitic fauna of freshwater fish in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Abstract The Bosnian Islamic community has led the Islamic affairs of most Slavic Muslims in the Balkans since 1882. While authoritarian and secularist states represented considerable dangers for its survival, freedom in independent Bosnia brought its set of challenges. Since the 1990s, is faced three major dynamics: efforts of the dominant Bosniak Party to involve the Islamic Community in spearheading the nation-building drive among the Bosniaks; the pluralisation of Islamic authorities and influences coming in from the Islamic world (especially from Iran, Saudi Arabia and the Persian Gulf, and from Turkey); and the increasing pluralisation of the Islamic scene within the country. All have variously challenged the Bosnian Islamic community’s practice, authority and monopoly. The Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina (IZ BiH) has met those challenges by gradually detaching itself from national politics, by balancing foreign influences and by building up its institutional capacities.

Abstract The aim of this paper is to analyse the stand-alone operation of the microgrid located in Umoljani, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The analysis was performed for two scenarios; one representing a summer day and the other a winter day. The analysed network was modelled using the DIgSilent PowerFactory. The Photovoltaic (PV) system, Wind Generator (WG) and battery sizing were performed using the HOMER software tool. The load data for the location was obtained from JP Elektroprivreda Bosne i Hercegovine. The analysis showed that the network was able to operate in stand-alone mode. Voltage levels were under the voltage limit defined by EN 50160. Line loading was decreased compared to loading in grid-connected mode. As given by the obtained results for the two scenarios, the consumer demand could be satisfied without the inclusion of WG. However, different input data (wind speed data measured on the location) could change the sizing of the production facilities as the results of the optimization calculations in HOMER, which needs to be considered in microgrid configuration.