Aneurysms represent bulging of the weakened blood vessel area, as a result of cystic medial degeneration. Aneurysms chance of rupturing increases over time, resulting in bleeding and death. Therefore, patients with aortic aneurysms require frequent monitoring with magnetic resonance and computed tomography angiography, as well as undergoing open repair surgery and endovascular aneurysm repair. We present a case of ruptured thoracic aortic aneurysm in conjunction with bilateral superficial femoral occlusion, as incidental findings in Covid-19 positive patient. The patient, a 62-years-old female, presented with cough, shortness of breath, fever and leg claudication. Doppler ultrasonography of the lower limbs was conducted to rule out thromboembolism, revealing bilateral superficial femoral arteries occlusion. The patient was administered high doses of parenteral anticoagulants. Hemoptysis ensued, prompting an MSCT scan, that showed right pleural effusion, atelectasis, and right active perihilar infiltrates with inter-lobar pleurisy. Due to inflammatory changes on the lung parenchyma, the patient got tested for Sars-Cov-2, and resulted positive. Contrast-enhanced MSCT also revealed thoracic-abdominal aortic aneurysm with its highest diameter measuring 10 cm, and massive per-aortal thrombus and/or hematoma of 5 cm, which was further ruptured and patient died untreated in the fourth day of hospitalization. Questions arise whether Covid-19 was the primary cause of bilateral superficial femoral artery occlusion and whether high doses of parenteral anticoagulants were the primary cause of thoracic aortic aneurysm rupture. Thus, a careful balance must be made between the detrimental and protective contributions of anticoagulants in the patients presenting with Covid-19 and thoracic-abdominal aortic aneurysm.

ABSTRACT Background Data on renal replacement therapy (RRT) for end-stage renal disease were collected by the European Renal Association (ERA) Registry via national and regional renal registries in Europe and countries bordering the Mediterranean Sea. This article provides a summary of the 2019 ERA Registry Annual Report, including data from 34 countries and additional age comparisons. Methods Individual patient data for 2019 were provided by 35 registries and aggregated data by 17 registries. Using these data, the incidence and prevalence of RRT, the kidney transplantation activity and the survival probabilities were calculated. Results In 2019, a general population of 680.8 million people was covered by the ERA Registry. Overall, the incidence of RRT was 132 per million population (p.m.p.). Of these patients, 62% were men, 54% were ≥65 years of age and 21% had diabetes mellitus as primary renal disease (PRD), and 84% had haemodialysis (HD), 11% had peritoneal dialysis (PD) and 5% had pre-emptive kidney transplantation as an initial treatment modality. The overall prevalence of RRT on 31 December 2019 was 893 p.m.p., with 58% of patients on HD, 5% on PD and 37% living with a kidney transplant. The overall kidney transplant rate was 35 p.m.p. and 29% of the kidney grafts were from a living donor. The unadjusted 5-year survival probability was 42.3% for patients commencing dialysis, 86.6% for recipients of deceased donor grafts and 94.4% for recipients of living donor grafts in the period 2010–14. When comparing age categories, there were substantial differences in the distribution of PRD, treatment modality and kidney donor type, and in the survival probabilities.

This article discusses the use of prepositions zbog and radi in the Bosnian language as translation equivalents of the German preposition wegen based on a selected literary corpus. It is often the case in everyday speech that the difference in the meaning between these two prepositions is not noticed and often not understood by the native speakers of the Bosnian language. However, this sometimes also happens in the literary language, i.e., in the translation of literature, to which this paper pays attention. The starting point for the contrastive analysis between the two languages is the use of the preposition wegen in the prepositional phrase functioning as an adverb phrase in German, when it shows several nuances of meaning. Namely, the primary meaning of the preposition wegen is causal, but it is also used with the meaning of goal or intention. Consequently, in the translation to the Bosnian language we follow the difference in the use of the preposition zbog with the meaning of cause and radi with the meaning of goal or intention. Keywords: prepositions, meaning of prepositions, genitive case, prepositional-case phrase, position of the preposition, contrastive analysis.

Educational approach known as Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) has become one of the most popular approaches in foreign language teaching, especially in countries with developed educational systems. One of its main aims is to help learners develop thinking skills through their simultaneous studying of the foreign language and the content of a particular subject. Since CLIL promotes the development of cognitive skills, many researchers and psychologists proposed a variety of techniques and activities which could be used for this purpose. Some of these techniques shall be discussed in this paper, along with the ways of applying them at different levels of education. Key words: CLIL, education, thinking skills, techniques

The subject of the research is the application of GIS in geoecological evaluation of terrain–case study Nature Park Hutovo blato. Geoecological evaluation of terrain is strongly relevant methodological procedure, which can be used for acquiring results about real value of particular areas. Method of terrain evaluation is also used, through five categories: hypsometric characteristics, angle of slopes, vertical dissection, terrain mobility and vegetation cover. The aim of the research is to clarify how valuable and useful certain segments of the terrain are for the purpose of spatial planning–for the tourism valorization, construction of various objects etc.Paper consists of several parts. First part defines the exact area of exploration. In the second part geomorphological characteristics of the researched area were analyzed. Geoecological evaluation of terrain, performed in third part was based onprevious geomorphological analysis as well as bonity categories. Methods used in this paper are: analysis, synthesis, statistical method and cartographic method. Complete analysis was conducted using GIS.

Ḥasan ibn Muṣṭafā al-Būsnawī al-Madanī, Hasan Bošnjak, was born in Medina in the last decade of the 12th century AH, and he wrote in the first half of the 13th century (the end of the 18th and the first half of the 19th century). With regards to the year of Hasan Bošnjak’s death, we might assume that he died in the mid-13th century AH. Analyzing his Divan, we come to the conclusion that he wrote tarihs in different periods of life from 1215/ 1800 to 1247/1831 – approximately in the period of thirty years. We do not come across any tarih written after the year of 1247 H, so based on that we assume that the author died in 1247 H/ 1831 or a year or two after. As a famous muhaddith (an expert on hadith, the tradition of the Prophet) he sang, among other things, about Buhari and Muslim, saying that the Mufti of Medina and later Shaykh al-Islam Ahmed Arif Hikmet commented on the works. The most significant source, after the Qur’an, is the Prophet’s tradition (al-sunnah) based on the Prophet’s words, acts, and tacit approval. From the time of the Prophet s.a.w.s. the writing down of the al-sunnah began, and in the 2nd century AH the intensive work on the codification (al-tadwin) of the Prophet’s tradition based on written and oral sources began. It was the time of flourishing the hadith sciences and in the first half of the 3rd century the greatest hadith experts lived and worked. Hundreds of works were written, among which the best-known are two hadith collections called ṣaḥīḥim. The authors are Abū ‘Abd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Ismā‘īl al-Buẖārī (194 / 810-256 / 870) and Abū al-Ḥusayn Muslim ibn al-Ḥağğāğ ibn Muslim al-Qušayrī al-Naysābūrī (- - 261/875). In Divan by Hasan Bošnjak there are, among other things, four songs, one dedicated to Buhari and three to Muslim. Keywords: Hasan Bošnjak, Buhari, Muslim, hadith, poetics, Islamic tradition.

Labelling products as “mountain products” provides producers in hilly and mountainous areas with effective tools to improve marketing of their products and reduce the risk of confusion among consumers regarding the hilly and mountainous origin of products on the market. The European Union has adopted legal framework regarding optional quality schemes for hilly - mountain products. The definition of a hilly-mountainous area should be based on the general classification criteria used to identify the hilly-mountainous area. For third countries, mountain areas include areas that third countries have officially designated as mountainous or that meet the same criteria as those in the European Union (EU). Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH), as well as some other countries in its vicinity, has not yet normatively prescribed criteria for the possibility of protecting the optional quality label “mountain product”. The main aim of this paper is to analyse and propose criteria for “mountain product” label in BiH and to evaluate potential of this scheme for three traditional cheeses. The authors used the desk research method and secondary data for this research, as well as the results of empirical research and comparison with regional countries. Taking into account the experiences of countries with similar geographical characteristics, but also following the production of the three most widespread indigenous cheeses, Herzegovina cheese in a skin sack, Livno cheese, and Vlašić/ Travnik cheese, an attempt was made to find the best model for Bosnia and Herzegovina where the label “mountain product” can be used for agricultural and/ or food products originating from mountainous areas.

The heat transfer performances of ionic liquids [C4mpyrr][NTf2] and ionanofluids with Al2O3 nanoparticles under a laminar flow regime, and with constant heat flux on the tube wall is numerically modeled and analyzed for three values of initial/inlet temperature and for two Reynolds numbers. Heat transfer characteristics were considered by analyzing the temperature distribution along the upper wall, as well as by analyzing the Nusselt number and heat transfer coefficient. The results obtained numerically were validated using Shah’s equation for ionic liquid. Thermophysical properties were temperature-dependent, and obtained by curve-fitting the experimental values of the thermophysical properties. Furthermore, the same set of results was calculated for the ionic liquid and ionanofluids with constant thermophysical properties. It is concluded that the assumption that thermophysical properties are constant has a significant influence on the heat transfer performance parameters of both ionic liquid and ionanofluids, and therefore such assumptions should not be made in research.

https://doi.org/10.31952/amha.19.2.6 This review describes the first medical article written by an author from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The article was published by Fr. Franjo Gracić (1740-1799), in Latin, under the title: "Analysis theorico-practica de viribus virus febriferi, pestiferi, atque serpentin", and printed in Padua in 1795, translated as: "A Theoretical and Practical Presentation of the Effects of Fevers, Infectious Diseases, and Snake Poison". From today's standpoint, it may be said that it was a review article about some of the most frequent diseases of that time. The paper is of exceptional importance for the history of medicine in Bosnia and Herzegovina because it is the first documented medical article whose author was from Bosnia and Herzegovina. The paper contains observations of the course of diseases and treatment, in line with the medical insights of the time. The author refers to the authorities of that time, such as Samuel Auguste André Tissot, the Swiss physicist and doctor, Georg Bauer, the German doctor, and Lodovico Antonio Muratori, the Italian scholar, which makes this article a link between Bosnia and Herzegovina and the knowledge of the Europe of that time. This paper represents the beginning of medical writing in Bosnia and Herzegovina and has a very important place in the history of medicine in this country.

Background: Negative symptoms are core features of schizophrenia and very challenging to be treated. Identification of their structure is crucial to provide a better treatment. Increasing evidence supports the superiority of a five-factor model (alogia, blunted affect, anhedonia, avolition, and asociality as defined by the NMIH-MATRICS Consensus); however, previous data primarily used the Brief Negative Symptoms Scale (BNSS). This study, including a calibration and a cross-validation sample (n = 268 and 257, respectively) of participants with schizophrenia, used the Clinical Assessment Interview for Negative Symptoms (CAINS) to explore the latent structure of negative symptoms and to test theoretical and data-driven (from this study) models of negative symptoms. Methods: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out to investigate the structure of negative symptoms based on the CAINS. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) tested in a cross-validation sample four competing theoretical (one-factor, two-factor, five-factor, and hierarchical factor) models and two EFA-derived models. Result: None of the theoretical models was confirmed with the CFA. A CAINS-rated model from EFA consisting of five factors (expression, motivation for recreational activities, social activities, vocational, and close/intimate relationships) was an excellent fit to the data (comparative fix index = 0.97, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.96, and root mean square error of approximation = 0.07). Conclusions: This study cannot support recent data on the superiority of the five-factor model defined by the NMIH-MATRICS consensus and suggests that an alternative model might be a better fit. More research to confirm the structure of negative symptoms in schizophrenia, and careful methodological consideration, should be warranted before a definitive model can put forward and shape diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia.