A growing body of work has highlighted the importance of political beliefs and attitudes in predicting endorsement and engagement in prosocial behavior. Individuals with right-wing political orientation are less likely to behave prosocially than their left-wing counterparts due to high levels of Right-wing authoritarianism (RWA). Here, we aimed to extend prior work by testing how political values relate to COVID-19 discretionary behavioral intentions (i.e., prosocial and non-mandatory behaviors aimed at controlling the spread of the pandemic). Furthermore, we tested whether identification with the national group would influence the relationship between RWA and prosocial behavior. A cross-sectional study conducted on 350 Italian participants showed that right-wing political orientation had a negative effect on COVID-19 discretionary behavioral intentions via RWA. Furthermore, a moderated mediation model revealed that this effect was only significant for participants who are lowly identified with the national group. The results suggest that highlighting group belongingness might effectively motivate more conservative individuals to engage in prosocial behavior.

The conductivity and the state of the surface of supports are of vital importance for metallization via electrodeposition. In this study, we show that the metallization of a carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) can be carried out directly if the intermediate graphene oxide (GO) layer is chemically reduced on the CFRP surface. Notably, this approach utilizing only the chemically reduced GO as a conductive support allows us to obtain insights into the interaction of rGO and the electrodeposited metal. Our study reveals that under the same contact current experimental conditions, the electrodeposition of Cu and Ni on rGO follows significantly different deposition modes, resulting in the formation of three-dimensional (3D) and free-standing metallic foils, respectively. Considering that Ni adsorption energy is larger than Ni cohesive energy, it is expected that the adhesion of Ni on rGO@CFRP is enhanced compared to Cu. In contrast, the adhesion of deposited Ni is reduced, suggesting diffusion of H+ between rGO and CFRP, which promotes the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and results in the formation of free-standing Ni foils. We ascribe this phenomenon to the unique properties of rGO and the nature of Cu and Ni deposition from electrolytic baths. In the latter, the high adsorption energy of Ni on defective rGO along with HER is the key factor for the formation of the porous layer and free-standing foils.

A conciliação medicamentosa tem como objetivo prevenir erros de medicação resultantes de discrepâncias da prescrição, e associada à anamnese, permite conhecer de forma global a história de saúde do paciente. O início da pandemia pelo novo coronavírus, causador da Covid-19, impôs o isolamento social, circunstância que afetou diretamente o acesso ao serviço de conciliação medicamentosa. Para realizá-la, o farmacêutico precisa entrevistar o paciente ou seus acompanhantes, especialmente quando este possui dificuldades de comunicação e entendimento, ou está em uso de intubação orotraqueal (IOT). O objetivo foi implementar um serviço de conciliação medicamentosa via remota, para obter dados destinados ao desenvolvimento adequado da farmacoterapia,além de garantir a assistência completa, visando a segurança do paciente desde a admissão hospitalar. Após a implementação do serviço remoto, em março de 2021, foi verificada a ampliação do número de pacientes comconciliação medicamentosa realizada nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva de Covid-19, chegando a uma taxa média de 99,2%. O índice garantiu uma melhoria na linha de cuidado do paciente durante a internação hospitalar.

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar o perfil clínico-funcional de idosas residentes de uma instituição de longa permanência por meio do instrumento Índice de Vulnerabilidade Clínico Funcional-20 (IVCF-20). Compuseram a amostra 29 idosas, com idade a partir de 65 anos. Tal instrumento é composto por 20 questões que contemplam aspectos multidimensionais da condição de saúde do idoso e o classifica em robusto, com risco de fragilização ou frágil. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo categorizaram majoritariamente idosas com risco de fragilização.

Problem-based learning (PBL) allows students to learn medical statistics through problem solving experience. The aim of this study was to assess the efficiency of PBL modules implemented in the blended learning courses in medical statistics through knowledge outcomes and student satisfaction. The pilot study was designed as a randomized controlled trial that included 53 medical students who had completed all course activities. The students were randomized in two groups: the group with access to PBL modules within the blended learning course (hPBL group) and the group without access to PBL modules–only blended learning course (BL group). There were no significant differences between the groups concerning socio-demographic characteristics, previous academic success and modality of access to course materials. Students from hPBL group had a significantly higher problem solving score (p = 0.012; effect size 0.69) and the total medical statistics score (p = 0,046; effect size 0.57). Multivariate regression analysis with problem solving as an outcome variable showed that problem solving was associated with being in hPBL group (p = 0.010) and having higher grade point average (p = 0.037). Multivariate regression analysis with the medical statistics score as an outcome variable showed the association between a higher score on medical statistics with access to PBL modules (p = 0.045) and a higher grade point average (p = 0.021). All students in hPBL group (100.0%) considered PBL modules useful for learning medical statistics. PBL modules can be easily implemented in the existing courses within medical statistics using the Moodle platform, they have high applicability and can complement, but not replace other forms of teaching. These modules were shown to be efficient in learning, to be well accepted among students and to be a potential missing link between teaching and learning medical statistics. The authors of this study are planning to create PBL modules for advanced courses in medical statistics and to conduct this study on other universities with a more representative study sample, with the aim to overcome the limitations of the existing study and confirm its results.

OBJECTIVE Cystatin C (Cys-C) concentration has not been examined sufficiently among healthy newborn population, particularly in terms of reference values. This study aimed to establish gender-, postnatal age- and birth weight-specific Cys-C concentration for healthy term newborns. Its objective was also to examine if there were any differences between our measured concentration and the reference interval established by the CALIPER study. METHODS Serum samples from a total of 90 healthy term newborns were used to determine Cys-C concentration. Cys-C was measured within first three days of birth using particle-enhanced turbidimetric immunoassay (PETIA) on the Architect plus ci8200 analyzer. RESULTS Median concentration of the Cys-C was 2.05 mg/L. There were no statistically significant differences in Cys-C concentration regarding gender (p=0.779), birth weight (p=0.505), postnatal age (p=0.512) or Apgar score (p=0.799). The value of the 2.5th and 97.5th percentile for Cys-C concentrations for girls was 0.93-3.15 mg/L and for boys it was 1.5-3.36 mg/L. CONCLUSION Cys-C concentration in healthy term newborns does not depend on gender, birth weight, postnatal age, or Apgar score. Our measured concentration range of CyS-C in healthy newborns turned out to be slightly wider than the interval determined in the CALIPER study.

(JMIR Cardio 2022;6

This paper considers the problem of online optimization where the objective function is time-varying. In particular, we extend coordinate descent type algorithms to the online case, where the objective function varies after a finite number of iterations of the algorithm. Instead of solving the problem exactly at each time step, we only apply a finite number of iterations at each time step. Commonly used notions of regret are used to measure the performance of the online algorithm. Moreover, coordinate descent algorithms with different updating rules are considered, including both deterministic and stochastic rules that are developed in the literature of classical offline optimization. A thorough regret analysis is given for each case. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.

Digital technologies in the modern era are almost mandatory for the presentation of all types of cultural heritage. Virtual depictions of crafts and traditions offer the users the possibility of time travel, taking them to the past through the use of 3D reconstructions of cultural monuments and sites. However, digital resources alone are not enough to adequately present cultural heritage. Additional information on the historical context in the form of stories, virtual reconstructions, and digitized objects is needed. All of this can be implemented using a digital multimedia presentation technique called digital storytelling. Nowadays, an integral part of many museum exhibitions is interactive digital storytelling. This paper gives an overview of the techniques and discusses different means of facilitating interaction on digital storytelling applications for virtual cultural heritage presentations. We describe the ways in which natural interaction and interaction via eXtended Reality (Virtual and Augmented Reality) applications for cultural heritage are made possible. Users will find the stories told through these applications educational and entertaining at the same time. Through user-experience studies, we measure the user edutainment level and present how users react to implemented interactions.

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Background Tobacco tax policy in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) assumes a gradual annual increase in specific excise taxes on cigarettes. However, it is insufficient to reduce significantly consumption. This paper examines effects of the increase in cigarette prices and disposable income on cigarette demand in B&H by different income consumer groups. Methods Based on the Household Budget Surveys and microdata from 2007, 2011 and 2015, we employed logit model to estimate prevalence and Deaton’s model to estimate intensity elasticity of cigarette demand for the sample of 21 424 households (9953 are smoking households) by different income groups. We used obtained elasticities and estimated the impact of tax increase on cigarette consumption and government revenue in three tax increase scenarios. Results Ten per cent price increase would reduce the consumption of low-income households by 14%, as opposed to 9.9% for middle-income and 7% for high-income households. Low-income households would significantly increase the demand for cigarettes compared with high-income households if income increased. Increase in the specific excise tax by 25% would reduce cigarette consumption and increase government revenue, while the low-income group would experience a reduction in tax burden. Conclusions Changes in prices have different impacts on tobacco prevalence and consumption of low-income compared with middle-income and high-income socioeconomic groups. Low-income households are most responsive to changes in prices and income. Thus, the poor in B&H would benefit from an increase in tobacco excise taxes and price.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Neuroactive peptides are peptides produced by neurons and released through controlled mechanisms that bind to specific receptors on nerve, glial, or other cell types, causing biochemical response(s) within these cells. Areas covered This article summarizes and interprets recent advancements in our knowledge of neuroactive peptides with pro- or anti-convulsant action, and about new drugs that use the molecular machinery of neuroactive peptides to suppress seizures. Expert opinion According to the results of preclinical and limited clinical investigations to date, the highest potential to become anti-epileptic drugs with marketing authorization belongs to non-peptide agonists of melanocortin receptors, thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors, ghrelin receptors, galanin receptors, somatostatin and cortistatin receptors, oxytocin receptors, cholecystokinin receptors, and opioid kappa receptors, followed by non-peptide antagonists of the renin-angiotensin system, corticotropin-releasing hormone receptors, NK1 receptors for substance P, arginine-vasopressin receptors, and opioid delta receptors.

Background Diesel engine exhaust causes adverse health effects. Meanwhile, the impact of renewable diesel exhaust, such as hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO), on human health is less known. Nineteen healthy volunteers were exposed to HVO exhaust for 3 h in a chamber with a double-blind, randomized setup. Exposure scenarios comprised of HVO exhaust from two modern non-road vehicles with 1) no aftertreatment system (‘HVO PM+NOx ’ PM1: 93 µg m −3 , EC: 54 µg m −3 , NO: 3.4 ppm, NO 2 : 0.6 ppm), 2) an aftertreatment system containing a diesel oxidation catalyst and a diesel particulate filter (‘HVO NOx ’ PM1: ~ 1 µg m −3 , NO: 2.0 ppm, NO 2 : 0.7 ppm) and 3) filtered air (FA) as control. The exposure concentrations were in line with current EU occupational exposure limits (OELs) of NO, NO 2 , formaldehyde, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and the future OEL (2023) of elemental carbon (EC). The effect on nasal patency, pulmonary function, and self-rated symptoms were assessed. Calculated predicted lung deposition of HVO exhaust particles was compared to data from an earlier diesel exhaust study. Results The average total respiratory tract deposition of PM1 during HVO PM+NOx was 27 µg h −1 . The estimated deposition fraction of HVO PM1 was 40–50% higher compared to diesel exhaust PM1 from an older vehicle (earlier study), due to smaller particle sizes of the HVO PM+NOx exhaust. Compared to FA, exposure to HVO PM+NOx and HVO NOx caused higher incidence of self-reported symptoms (78%, 63%, respectively, vs. 28% for FA, p  < 0.03). Especially, exposure to HVO PM+NOx showed 40–50% higher eye and throat irritation symptoms. Compared to FA, a decrement in nasal patency was found for the HVO NOx exposures (− 18.1, 95% CI: − 27.3 to − 8.8 L min −1 , p  < 0.001), and for the HVO PM+NOx (− 7.4 (− 15.6 to 0.8) L min −1 , p  = 0.08). Overall, no clinically significant change was indicated in the pulmonary function tests (spirometry, peak expiratory flow, forced oscillation technique). Conclusion Short-term exposure to HVO exhaust concentrations corresponding to EU OELs for one workday did not cause adverse pulmonary function changes in healthy subjects. However, an increase in self-rated mild irritation symptoms, and mild decrease in nasal patency after both HVO exposures, may indicate irritative effects from exposure to HVO exhaust from modern non-road vehicles, with and without aftertreatment systems.