Introduction: Laboratory and anthropometric parameters for assessing lipid metabolism disorders are important for atherogenesis and the occurrence of cardiovascular disease. Material and Methods: The study was designed as a prospective longitudinal study, meant to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease, which included initial measurement of lipid status, CRP, and BMI, and repeated measurement after DASH diet and exercise. It was conducted on a sample of 60 female respondents. Results: Following the WHO categorization of BMI, the study found that 62% of respondents were overweight, 26% were obese, and only 12% of respondents were at ideal body weight. After the DASH diet and exercise program, the average value of BMI M = 27.02 was established. Analyzing the values of the CASTELLI 1 index in 95.9% of respondents, high values of M = 5.3 were observed, which indicates a high risk of CVD. The study results indicate that the average value of cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C significantly reduced after two months of adherence to the DASH diet and exercise. With the help of Spearman’s rank, the correlation coefficient indicated the existence of a positive relationship between the CASTELLI 1 index and total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL-C. In the initial analysis, CRP had a high value (M = 10 mg/L). In contrast, after the program, the CRP value decreased to (M = 4 mg/L), and a significant negative correlation (p <0.01) was observed between CRP and HDL-C, indicating that HDL-C value as a protective lipoprotein for blood vessels increased. CRP decreased after two months of DASH diet and exercise. Conclusion: With this research, we aim to draw attention to the importance of promoting healthy lifestyles and creating adequate risk assessment models with a well-developed strategy that will include anthropometric, laboratory and other multidisciplinary aspects to combat cardiovascular

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Objectives: Improved serological detection of specific antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 could help estimate the true number of infections. Methods: A total of 443 serum samples provided by unvaccinated patients of all ages with unknown COVID-19 status that were originally submitted for routine screening or clinical management from outpatient laboratory during the March–April 2021 (third wave) were collected. Seroprevalence of IgM/IgG antibodies was determined by lateral flow immunoassay (Tigsun, Beijing, China). Results: Among 443 serum samples, 186 (42.0%) were positive (incidence of 5.2/1000) with slight predominace of females, 104 (55.9%), highest seropositivity in 25–50 and 51–64 years age groups, 61 (32.8%) and 57 (30.6%), respectively (P < 0.05); rural population was more prevalent, 101 (54.3%) (P < 0.05) and active workers, 86 (41.1%). Almost equal number of patients was with or without symptoms, 48.4% and 51.6%, respectively. For the comparison, in the same period it was registered 296 (out of 855; 34.6%) PCR SARS-CoV-19 positive persons (incidence of 8.2/1000) with the higher gender (females) and the highest age prevalence in 51–64 years age group (36.8%). In the period March 2020–June 2021, it was registered 804 (out of 3323; 24.2%) (incidence of 22.3/1000) PCR SARS-CoV-19 positive persons with no significant gender and significant age difference (25–50 and 51–64 years group, respectively). Conclusion: In the regions with high prevalence/incidence of SARS-CoV-2 in the general population (Bosnia and Herzegovina is on the World top on the number of deaths) seroprevalence measuring can help tracking the spread of disease.

Purpose: The current study is theoretically grounded in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and Social Influence Theory. It attempts to explain how acts of others influence attitudes and behaviors of individuals in the context of the adoption of cloud computing services. Methodology: The present study used the convenience sampling technique to conduct empirical research. Data collection was performed via an online survey. We used Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to test the proposed research model. Results: Our findings suggest that a favorable social norm towards cloud computing services produces a positive and statistically significant effect on perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and willingness to use cloud computing services. In terms of mediating the role of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness, findings revealed that perceived ease of use mediates the relationship between social norms and willingness to use cloud computing services. Conclusion: The present study advances our understanding of the role of social influence and individual perceptions of technology (i.e., usefulness and ease of use) in the intention to use technology in the cloud computing context.

Objective. Diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension are chronic, mass non-communicable diseases that are global health problems with characteristics of epidemiology where complications of these diseases are the common reason for visual handicap and disability in the work productive population. The primary aim of this paper was to analyze the frequency of visual dysfunction, and behavioral habits in diabetic and hypertensive patients and the second aim was to analyze the occurrence of work disability in patients with these diseases. Methods. The research is a cross-sectional study made in two Health Centers in the City of Eastern Sarajevo in a period of July 2018 to July 2019 (12 months). 192 patients with diabetes and 100 patients with hypertension were selected using the random sampling method. A special questionnaire was created for this purpose, and statistic analysis was made by SPSS (IBM, Chicago version 19). Statistical significance was tested with ch2 test. Results. Diabetic patients significantly have more visual disturbances than hypertensive patients according to subjective assessment (ch2=14.21, p< 0.001). Worsening of visual acuity is presented more in diabetic than in hypertensive patients (ch2=6.17, p<0.001). There is no significant difference in behavioral habits between diabetic and hypertensive patients for smoking (ch2=1.778, p=0.411) and alcohol consumption.( ch2=2.158, p=0.142). Patients with diabetes are more frequent in the status of work disability than those with hypertension (ch2=13,46, p<0,001). Conclusion. Mass non-communicable diseases are a common cause of visual dysfunction. Diabetes mellitus is the main reason for visual disability in the adult population from the region of Eastern Sarajevo. Behavioral habits like smoking and alcohol consumption have a serious impact on the prognosis of those patients.

People consumed salt exclusively through food millions of years ago, which amounted to less than 0.5 g/day. Recent researches indicate that the average daily consumption of salt is more than 10 g/day. The general conclusion of studies investigating the relationship between dietary salt intake and blood pressure led to recommendations on reducing salt intake and limiting total intake to 5 g of salt per day by the World Health Organization and the European Safety Agency of Food. Increased salt intake causes suppression of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone system by reducing sodium renal excretion. Also, an increase in salt intake leads to an increase in the concentration of sodium in the blood, which causes high secretion of vasopressin and causes high blood pressure. Namely, bread is a basic food and is high in salt, but the salt parameter is not mandatory in accordance with the regulations. Today, almost every EU country has different strategies that include recommending salt reduction through food reformulation to reduce the salt content of food, including bread and bakery products. Achieving and maintaining the reduction of the population's salt intake will soon give a great benefit in terms of the prevention of cardiovascular events as the first cause of death globally, then great savings for the health system and an individual.

Non-performing loans are loans that do not generate income for banks and represent one of the most sensitive categories of a bank’s balance sheet. Their increase can affect both the liquidity and the solvency of banks. This paper investigates internal (specific) and external (macroeconomic) determinants of non-performing loans of the banking sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina for the period 2008: Q1 - 2020: Q4 including correlation and regression analysis. The results of the research showed that the following independent variables have the strongest impact on non-performing loans as a dependent variable: unemployment rate, provisions to non-performing loans, and real GDP growth rate. On the other hand, the independent variable return on equity had the weakest impact on non-performing loans.

Banks play an important role in a country's economy because increasing savings and capital accumulation has a positive effect on economic growth and employment through the banks' resource transfer function. The purpose of this study is to establish a cause-and-effect relationship between bank profitability and economic growth in three selected countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Croatia. In this research, a panel causality test is applied to examine the cause-and-effect relationship for the time period from the first quarter of 2008 to the fourth quarter of 2020. Empirical findings in this study showed that the profitability of banks in selected developing countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia and Croatia) has a positive effect on economic growth. Also, this research provides insight into in-depth analysis in terms of considering several countries through the use of a panel causality test, for the purpose of studying the relationship between bank profitability and economic growth.

Health care is the most important activity and human kind is dealing with its organization for centuries. Public health policies and functional health care systems have as their primary objectives the preservation and improvement of public health. Problems of intensive aging of the population, continuous growth of health spending, ensuring sustainable financing of health systems and efficient use of resources are present in all world health systems. Health care system reforms have become a global phenomenon for the last twenty years of the last century. The goal of this review paper is to point out the importance and need for timely modifications of the strategy of the health care optimization plan in Serbia by 2035, so that the health care system of Serbia would be ready to respond to potential global health crises in the future. The Plan for optimizing the health care institutions network by 2035 as a key document of the Master Plan will be briefly presented with an analysis of key parameters of health care effectiveness and above all improvement of the implementation of basic principles of health care - uniformity and availability of health services on the territory of Republic of Serbia. In order to present future key changes in the health system, it is necessary to take into account the current situation, as well as the potential consequences of the global pandemic of COVID-19 virus on health systems. Databases were used for analysis: WHO, OECD, World Bank Reports. The tendency of increasing the share of health care costs in GDP, with the problems of efficient use of health care resources, is becoming the most important reason for reforming health insurance and health care in almost all countries in the world. Numerous researches of eminent experts in the field of economy and finance indicate that the introduction of compulsory health insurance with a clearly defined package of health conditions is the most rational choice in the implementation of the World Health Organization project: "Health for all in the 21st century". A health system could be said to be effective if it provides health care of maximum quality in terms of medical outcome, with minimal costs in relation to the allocated funds. Health care systems around the world today face very similar problems, and the COVID-19 pandemic has shown how "vulnerable" it is not only the health system but all of humanity when faced with such challenges.