Background: Covid-19 primarily manifests itself as a respiratory disease, but also with numerous extrapulmonary symptoms and complications. The clinical form of the disease before hospitalization, has a great influence on the further course and occurrence of complications of the disease. Objective: To analyze the clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with moderate and severe clinical form of the disease, the complications that developed in these patients during hospitalization and the outcome of the disease. Methods: The retrospective study included 520 patients from the Tuzla Canton, treated in the COVID-19 Hospital at University Clinical Center Tuzla in the period from March 27 to October 1, 2020. The source of data were the medical records of hospitalized patients. The clinical and laboratory characteristics of patients with moderate and severe clinical form of the disease and the complications that developed in these patients during hospitalization were analyzed. Results: The number of hospitalized men was statistically significantly higher, p=0.000. Most patients were in the age group of 60-69 years: 152 (29.3%), then in the age group of 50-59 years: 119 (22.9%). Women <70 years had more often a moderate, and women >70 years more often a severe clinical form of the disease, p<0.01. Patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic lung diseases, cardiovascular diseases, hematological diseases and tumors of solid organs, with leukopenia and lymphopenia, elevated LDH, CRP, transaminases and serum ferritin, significantly more often had a clinically severe form of the disease (p<0.01). Patients with a severe clinical form of the disease on admission to the hospital had more frequent complications and death as outcome (p<0.01). Conclusion: Patients who were hospitalized with a severe form of COVID-19 had significantly more frequent disease complications and death as outcome.

Background: Cognitive dysfunctions are considered as a poor prognostic factor that influence health-related quality of life in multiple sclerosis. Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of cognitive impairment on the quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients. Methods: This study included 60 MS patients treated at the Department of Neurology, Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. Inclusion criteria were clinically definite diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, 18 years of age or older and were able to give written informed consent. Cognitivefunction was evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCa) screening test. Quality of life was evaluated by SF36 questionnaire. Results: 88.33% of patients had cognitive impairment with 68.33% with mild cognitive impairment. Abstraction (60,83%), language (56,66%), executive functions (53.66%) and delayed recall (28.33%) were rated the worst. The median value of SF-36 score was 54.1 (27.7-70.01). The lowest results were achieved in the QOL domains of psycial limitation with a median value of 12.5 (0-75) and emotional limitation 33.3 (0-100). It is found statistically significant correlation of the MoCa score with social functioning, energy, vitality and general health (p<0.05) and physical functioning (p<0.001) domains of quality of life, as well as with SF -36 total scores (p<0.05). Among group of patients with cognitive impairment, statistically significant positive correlation between cognitive status mental health HRQOL domain (rho=0.427; p<0.001) was found. Conclusion: Cognitive impairment is very often presented in patients with multiple sclerosis with significant contribution to a poorer quality of life. It is associated with physical and emotional limitations, as well as poorer mental health. Further studies are needed, especially when we take into account very important clinical and prognostic role of cognition in multiple sclerosis.

Knjiga “Stanje tradicionalnih znanja o biodiverzitetu u Bosni i Hercegovini” predstavlja sveobuhvatno istraživanje koje se fokusira na važnost očuvanja tradicionalnih znanja i praksi lokalnih zajednica u kontekstu zaštite biodiverziteta i održivog razvoja. Autori knjige pružaju detaljan pregled različitih aspekata tradicionalnih znanja, uključujući upotrebu biljaka, životinja i prirodnih resursa, kao i načine na koje su lokalne zajednice kroz generacije prenosile ta znanja i vještine. Ova publikacija naglašava važnost uključivanja tradicionalnih znanja u suvremene strategije zaštite biodiverziteta i očuvanja prirode. Kroz brojne primjere i studije slučaja, knjiga ilustruje kako ova znanja mogu doprinijeti očuvanju biološke raznolikosti, prilagodbi na klimatske promjene i promociji održivih lokalnih zajednica. Također ističe potrebu za jačanjem suradnje između naučnih istraživača, donositelja odluka i nositelja tradicionalnih znanja, kako bi se osigurao holistički pristup zaštiti prirode.

Aim: To present a very rare case of empyema cavuma septi pellucidi. Case report: A 5-year-old male child was admitted to the Department of Infectious Diseases Cantonal Hospital Zenica because of fever (38.30C), headache and vomiting. The patient developed intracranial hypertension as a result of a compressive purulent collection formed due to meningitis between the lamine of the septum pelucidum with consequent intracranial hypertension. Conclusion: The decision regarding the modality of treatment was not easy. We considered that empyema evacuation using the transcallosalinterhemispheric approach allows the complete removal of purulent collection and the placement of drainage, which allows additional emptying of the empyema cavity and prevents empyema recurrence. Empyema evacuation with drainage and antibiotic therapy have shown beneficial results.

We present a resistance switching device that exhibits analogue potentiation and depression of conductance under the same voltage polarity. This contrasts with previously studied devices that potentiate and depress under opposite polarities. We refer to this mode of operation as the subthreshold regime due to it occurring at voltage or current biases that are insufficient to produce discrete or non-volatile switching. This behaviour has the potential to reduce the complexity of neuronal and synaptic circuitry in neuromorphic computing by removing the need for voltage pulses of both positive and negative polarities. The characteristically long timescales may also help replicate bio-realistic timings. In this article, we detail how to induce this unique behaviour, how to tune its properties to a desired response, and finally, we demonstrate one potential application.

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Background: Medical decision making represent a branch of medical informatics. Our decisions and actions are based not only on relevant information but also on our knowledge of the nature of problem that is being solved. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe and explaine the importance of medical decision making in physician's practice with information technology support. Methods: This is cross-sectional study based on reviewing of apropriate scientific literaure stored in scientific databases like PubMed, PubMed Central, Scopus, Embase, Hinary, etc, Results and Discussion: The reality is that the physician very often makes the decisions on the basis of the incomplete information. Besides that, the value of the available information for the processes of decision making is always relative regarding to the basis on the base of knowledge of the decision carrier. Medical decision making certainly be continuously exposed to it, which is the reason why it could not be of more important. The intricate aspects of medical decision making has been discussed in this article. A decision is a choice varying between several different courses of action that may be pursued. Each decision comes as a result of complex processes which provide two or more options providing results, as well as intro and retrospection, and examination or perspective into the future. As is in everyday life, the principles of decision making are present in medicine as well. Conclusion: Medical decision-making is a process of continuous balancing of concrete risks in which doctors show "loss aversion". Medical decisions are vital - to medical professionals, patients and society. They are difficult, and may provide positive outcomes, or poor complications. They test doctors maximally, and provide insight into the effectiveness of doctors. Doctors do not enter into a “business but social contract” with the patient. Additionally, it may ease and expedite the process of medical decision making, a luxury which was not always present for physicians.

Background: Everyday, doctors and individuals in the field of healthcare must make calculated decisions which have important consequences, impacting patients on the individual level, and communities and nations on a more global level. Healthcare professionals must at times make these choices with limited information, resources, and knowledge, and yet is is expected that these decisions are highly calculated and accurate. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe and explaine the importance of medical decision making in physician's practice. Methods: It is cross-sectional study based on reviewing of apropriate scientific literaure stored in scientific databases like PubMed Central Scopus, Embase, Hinary, etc, Results and Discussion: Medical decision making certainly be continuously exposed to it, which is the reason why it could not be of more important. The intricate aspects of medical decision making has been discussed in this article. A decision is a choice varying between several different courses of action that may be pursued. Each decision comes as a result of complex processes which provide two or more options providing results, as well as intro and retrospection, and examination or perspective into the future. As is in everyday life, the principles of decision making are present in medicine as well. In the world of biomedicine, decisions may rely on the available systems of information provided to the decision maker through medical documentation. Additionally, it may ease and expedite the process of medical decision making, a luxury which was not always present for physicians. Conclusion: Medical decision making is highly important to doctors and patients alike, as well as the broader population. Medical decisions are vital - to medical professionals, patients and society. They are difficult, and may provide positive outcomes, or poor complications. They test doctors maximally, and provide insight into the effectiveness of doctors. And finally, from the presented strategy, we can conclude that the mathematical models provides support in diagnosis and therapeutic selection in patients with heart damage by cardiovascular diseases and its helped to pysician, as decision maker, to decide which and when appropriate decision will be used. In health care, shared decision-making is increasingly embraced and recommended. It is important to involve patients in health care decisions, to communicate with them, and to provide patient-centered care, however formal models and evaluations in cardiovascular care are still in their infancy.