Introduction. The Nursing Activities Score is used to quantify, assess, and identify the workload of nurses in intensive care units, and is widely considered a very effective, simple, standardized measurement scale, sufficiently detailed to be implemented in everyday hospital practice. The aim of the study is to evaluate the workload of nurses using the results of the Nursing Activities Score and compare the nurse-to-patient ratio with regulations in our country. Material and Methods. The study included 131 patients who underwent cardiac surgery in the period from November 1 to November 30, 2021. Surgical data and corresponding Nursing Activities Score values were obtained from hospital information system. In the intensive care unit, nursing activities were monitored and scored daily. Results. Using the Nursing Activities Score, 344 measurements were recorded in the study sample. The mean Nursing Activity Score was 88.27 ? 3.63, and the highest was 102.97 ? 1.89 on the first postoperative day. The nurse-to-patient ratio was 1.03:1 on the first postoperative day, and about 0.8:1 on the second and third postoperative days. There was a statistically significant difference in the mean Nursing Activities Score between postoperative days (p < 0.0005) between the first and second day (102.96 vs. 79.46) and the first and third day (103.46 vs. 83.58). Conclusion. On the first postoperative day, the optimal number of nurses according to the Nursing Activities Score is higher compared to the State Regulations, while for the rest of the days in the intensive care unit the nurse-to-patient ratio corresponds to the regulations.

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Introduction: Ascaris lumbricoides is a widely spread helminthic infection, predominantly affecting children, making them the most commonly infected population group. The objective of this study is to assess the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides infestation in two municipalities, Tešanj and Maglaj, and to investigate the occurrence of Ascaris lumbricoides infections in the pediatric population, focusing particularly on preschool children. Materials and Methods: The study involved the collection of 1409 fecal samples from the Tešanj and Maglaj areas, gathered over a 6-month period, spanning from September 2018 to February 2019. The processing of these samples was conducted in the Microbiology Laboratory of Tešanj General Hospital. Results: Out of the total 1409 samples, 129 (9.16%) tested positive for Ascaris lumbricoides infestation. In Tešanj, where 1198 samples were collected, 106 (8.85%) tested positive, while in Maglaj, 211 samples were collected, with 23 (10.9%) testing positive. Notably, the majority of positive cases in both Tešanj and Maglaj were preschool-age children, accounting for 88.68% and 86.96%, respectively. The study did not identify any statistically significant correlation between age and gender distribution among those with positive test results in either Tešanj or Maglaj. Conclusion: Based on the study results, which have highlighted the infestation of preschool children with Ascaris lumbricoides in two municipalities in our country, it is imperative to implement preventive measures aimed at reducing the incidence of infection.

Background: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a wide group of diseases that severely affect work productivity and quality of life. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the differences in the prevalence of MSDs among laboratory professionals (LPs) and to assess their association with individual, psychosocial, and occupational risk factors. Methods: In a multicenter, cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was distributed online through professional association networks. Participants were divided into two groups based on their territorial affiliation - European Union (EU) and non-EU member states. Descriptive and inferential statistics were included in the analysis, and statistical significance was set at ≤0.05. Results: A total of 640 LPs from 20 European countries participated in the study, predominantly females (78.4%), with university degree (59.4%) and a mean age of 41.2 ± 10.1 years. Statistically significant differences between groups were confirmed for several variables studied: neck flexion > 15° (p = 0.008), hands at chest level (p = 0.000), prolonged screen time, and sitting (p = 0.000). One-third of participants reported wrist (35.6%), shoulder (32.7%), and elbow (31.6%) pain, while low back pain was more common (48.9%). A statistically significant association was confirmed between the incidence of MSDs and stress at work, repetitive motions, and prolonged standing (p = 0.000). Several variables showed significant correlations with MSDs in different body parts (p <0.05). Conclusion: Our results show a higher prevalence of MSDs in LPs and we recommend urgent development of targeted prevention programs and additional measures to modify the work environment and organizational activities.

Cardiomyopathies are diseases of the heart muscle, and present a heterogeneous group of myocardial diseases with mechanical or electrical dysfunction, characterized by ventricular hypertrophy or dilatation. They can be strictly related to the heart muscle (primary), or as part of a systemic disease (secondary), and represent a factor that leads to a reduced quality of life, the occurrence of heart failure and mortality. The primary ones are those that are genetic conditioning, the mixed ones include dilated and restrictive cardiomyopathy, and the acquired ones are caused by myocarditis, stress-induced, peripartum, tachycardia-induced and those caused by endocrine pathology (primarily in newborns of mothers with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus). Etiologically, they can arise as a result of a genetic mutation, an inflammatory process, and they are also divided into metabolic, toxic and those caused by some other cause. The aim of the article was to present the characteristics of cardiomyopathies themselves in relation to the etiological factor, with review of the diagnostic and therapeutic modality.

Uspostava SFR Jugoslavije nakon Drugog svjetskog rata označila je početak formiranja jedne nove srpske i hrvatske emigracije čiju su okosnicu predstavljali kadrovi poraženih kvislinških režima kao što su Nezavisna Država Hrvatska ili Nedićeva Srbija. Nakon vojnog poraza mnogi vojni i politički predstavnici ustaških i četničkih vlasti uspijevaju pobjeći u zapadnoevropske zemlje, Ameriku, Australiju i druge države, gdje se postepeno organiziraju i počinju nacionalno-političko djelovanje. Među tim emigrantima bili su i aktivisti za koje se nedvojbeno može tvrditi da su imali muslimanske korijene. O njihovom vlastitom nacionalnom i vjerskom izboru teško je govoriti jer u nekim konkretnim slučajevima bilježimo otklone od nacionalnih i vjerskih korijena, odnosno identitarno poistovjećivanje sa srpskom ili hrvatskom emigracijom, ovisno o ranijem političkom opredjeljenju. Časopis Bosanski pogledi, glasilo bošnjačke političke emigracije, obrađivao je različite teme koje su se pokazale izuzetno značajnim za izučavanje historije bošnjačkog naroda. U tom smislu se i polemike s pripadnicima srpske i hrvatske emigracije muslimanskih korijena na stranicama tog lista pokazuju vrijednim izvorom za razumijevanje složenosti i višeslojnosti razvojnog puta njegovog nacionalnog i religijskog identiteta.

Background/Aim: The aim of the research was to examine the general attitude, knoweledge and practice of pediatricians about caries in children of preschool age. Material and Methods: The research was conducted from November 2019 to the end of January 2020. The research consisted of a survey of pediatricians. The questionnaire consisted of 4 modules and 37 questions, which related to the attitude, knowledge and practice of pediatricians on the prevention of early childhood caries. Results: The majority of pediatricians (84.9%) stated that they assess the nutrition of their patients, while 32.1% of them always do oral health assessment, and half of them in the second month of the child's life; and 39.6% assess oral health only if there is a problem. The majority of pediatricians (86.8%) recommended the first dental examination, most often in the first year of the child's life (79.5%), and then every 6 months (43.5%). The majority of respondents did not required information about the dental health of their patients' mothers, fluoride toothpastes and topical application of fluoride as well (62.3-75.5%). The majority of pediatricians (79.2%) have never provided or sometimes provided educational material on caries prevention and control to the parents of their patients. The most accurate answers and the highest percentage of correct answers that the pediatricians had were about attitudes (Z=8.98, 66.63%), while the fewest correct answers and the lowest percentage of correct answers regarding the practices on the prevention of early childhood caries (Z=11.91, 58.90%). Conclusions: The research showed that pediatricians have the good attitudes and knowledge, but do not implement prevention of early childhood caries in practice. The basic deficiency of attitude, knowledge and perception of the importance of prevention is a consequence of insufficient education of pediatricians.

Background/Aim: Deep carious lesions on primary teeth usually have been causing infectious dental pulp changes. If indicated, traditional endodontic root canal treatment for these kinds of pulpal infections in primary teeth usually should involve the performing of pulpectomy methods, but often with questionable prognosis. The lesion sterilization and tissue repair (LSTR) approach is one of the good endodontic therapeutic alternatives for affected primary teeth with a poor prognosis, which could otherwise be condemned to premature extraction. Aim was to evaluate the medium-term clinical success in everyday practice of the LSTR method applied in affected primary teeth with irreversible pulpal tissue infections by observation of reduction/absence of their clinical symptoms. Material and methods: The study sample included child patients who had one or more of their affected primary molars with irreversible pulpal tissue changes of poor prognosis treated with the LSTR method. For each patient whose primary molar tooth was endodontically treated with the LSTR method a clinical evaluation of treated tooth was performed at intervals of 1 and 12 months afterwards. Results: Study sample was consisted of 40 child patients aged 4 to 9 years, with 45 primary molars included in total. It was obvious that the symptoms related to affected sample teeth have already been decreased almost immediately after initial action of triple antibiotic paste. Final outcome after 12-months follow-up period was success of applied LSTR method in 43 (95.6%) affected sample teeth in a way that initial clinical symptoms completely decreased and disappeared. Conclusions: LSTR method has been shown as successful pulpotomy technique for noninstrumental endodontic approach in non-vital pulp treatment of primary molar teeth in a 12-months follow-up period.