Introduction: Lumbar pain syndrome (LPS) is defined as pain or discomfort localized between the edge of the twelfth rib and the lower gluteal region, with or without spread to the lower extremities, and, depending on the etiology and degree of symptomatology, can have negative consequences and be one of the main reasons for work disability and absenteeism worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of exercise therapy on the activities of daily living of a person with LPS. Methods: This prospective, longitudinal, and randomized controlled trial was conducted from June 2014 to June 2016. It included 200 subjects with symptoms of LPS, both sexes, aged 30 to 50 years, sedentary and standing occupations, randomized and equally divided into two groups: Examined (n = 100) and the control group (n = 100). In this study, the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire was used after clinical examination. Results: The percentage of disability according to the Oswestry disability index at the first examination was 31.78 ± 14.11% in the participants of the test group and 38.74 ± 17.48% in the participants of the control group (p = 0.002). After the second examination, the percentage of disability was 6.64 ± 3.15% in the test group and 23.92 ± 14.84% in the control group (p = 0.001). At the end of the examination, the percentage of disability was 2.36 ± 0.78% in the subjects of the test group and 13.82 ± 11.25% in the subjects of the control group (p = 0.001). A statistically significant difference was found in all three examinations, and the reduction in the percentage of disability was greater in the study group, p < 0.05. Conclusion: The research conducted showed that motion therapy procedures focused on achieving natural spinal mobility and improving trunk muscle strength are effective in reducing

In Bosnia and Herzegovina, several illegal waste dumps pose a significant threat to soil and water contamination. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of heavy metal contamination of soils and microbiological contamination of water near investigated landfills. The goal was to identify the harmful effects of illegal landfills on the environment and public health, as well as assessing the potential of contaminants to pollute soil and water resources. Using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer, the amounts and distribution of four heavy metals (Cd, Co, Pb, and Cr) in soil at four illegal landfills in Central Bosnia were studied. Three water samples collected near the dumpsites studied were tested for microbes. Bacteriological analyses of water included determination of total mesophilic aerobic bacteria, aerobic heterotrophic bacteria, total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria and fecal enterococci. Quantitative results were analyzed using an analysis of variance and Tukey HSD post hoc test. Concentrations of Cd (4.96 mg/kg) and Pb (206.97 mg/kg) recorded in soil at particular sites were above the limits of maximum allowable concentration. Cr and Pb values in soil samples were relatively higher on average than that of Cd and Co. Enrichment factor and pollution load index indicated high concentration of heavy metals in soil, especially Cd. Based on these results, waste from illegal landfills may release considerable amounts of harmful metals and microbes into the environment.

Introduction: The human heart is in most cases vascularized by two coronary arteries, the right coronary artery (RCA) and the left coronary artery. The supernumerary coronary artery, which arises independently from the right aortic sinus and passes through sub-epicardial adipose tissue of the pulmonary conus and anterior side of the right ventricle is called the third coronary artery (TCA). Methods: This study consisted of 28 formalin-fixed adult human cadaveric hearts. The presence of the TCA was determined. The position of the orifice of the right and excess arteries in relation to the sinotubular junction was determined, and then also the position of the orifice of the excess arteries “on the o’clock level” in relation to the orifice of the RCA. The radius of these orifices and their distance from the orifice of the RCA were measured. The angle between the aorta and TCA, as well as RCA and conus branch, was measured. Results: A total 11 of specimens had supernumerary arteries. A supernumerary artery was found in two hearts. The angle formed by the aorta with the TCA was 60.09 ± 17.57, while the angle between the aorta and the conus branch had an average value of 89.88 ± 15.92. The orifices of all supernumerary arteries were located below the level of the sinotubular junction. The average diameter of the TCA was 1.49 mm ± 0.41. The average distance between the TCA orifice and the RCA orifice was 2.21 mm ± 1.03. In 45.45% cases, the orifice of TCA was located at the 10 o’clock level. Conclusion: The present study highlights the presence of the TCA. It may constitute a significant collateral circulation contributing to apical and septal perfusion. Interpretation of signs and symptoms of coronary occlusion should therefore include possible contribution of this vascular channel.

Aside from significant advancements in the development of optical and quantum components, the performance of practical quantum key distribution systems is largely determined by the type and settings of the error key reconciliation procedure. It is realized through public channel and it dominates the communication complexity of the quantum key distribution process. The practical utilization significantly depends on the computational capacities that are of great importance in satellite-oriented quantum communications. Here we present SarDub19 error key estimation and reconciliation protocol that improves performances of practical quantum systems.

Introduction: Besides cardiovascular, malignant diseases are one of the leading causes of death in Bosnia and Herzegovina. At the top of this list are hematological diseases. This research aimed to identify cytogenetic and molecular biomarkers in patients treated for different types of hematological neoplasms. Methods: The retrospective study included 1600 samples of patients with different hematological diseases in the period from January 2006 to May 2022. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) method was used to determine the presence of genetic rearrangements and to confirm the findings of conventional cytogenetic analysis. Results: Chromosomal aberrations were found in 739 (46,18%) patients. Using the RT-PCR technique, positive cases were increased by 1,5%. The BCR-ABL fusion gene was present in e14-a2 transcript form in 73% of samples, e13-a2 isoform in 21%, e1-a2 in 2%, while e14-a2/e1-a2 transcript coexpression was present in a percentage of 4% of the samples. The PML-RARa fusion gene was found in the form of bcr 1 transcripts in 21%, bcr2 32% and bcr3 59% of the samples. In twelve cases A type of the CBFB-MYH11 fusion transcript was detected. The MLL-AF4 fusion was found in only one case. Conclusion: The obtained percentages of frequency of individual molecular gene isoforms are in accordance with the results of most other researchers. This refers to the Balkan population and the Caucasian ethnic group.

A Western diet comprises high levels of dicarbonyls and advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), which may contribute to flares and symptoms in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We therefore investigated the intake of dietary dicarbonyls and AGEs in IBD and IBS patients as part of the habitual diet, and their association with intestinal inflammation. Food frequency questionnaires from 238 IBD, 261 IBS as well as 195 healthy control (HC) subjects were used to calculate the intake of dicarbonyls methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and 3-deoxyglucosone, and of the AGEs Nε-(carboxymethyl)lysine, Nε-(1-carboxyethyl)lysine and methylglyoxal-derived hydroimidazolone-1. Intestinal inflammation was assessed using faecal calprotectin. The absolute dietary intake of all dicarbonyls and AGEs was higher in IBD and HC as compared to IBS (all p < 0.05). However, after energy-adjustment, only glyoxal was lower in IBD versus IBS and HC (p < 0.05). Faecal calprotectin was not significantly associated with dietary dicarbonyls and AGEs in either of the subgroups. The absolute intake of methylglyoxal was significantly higher in patients with low (<15 μg/g) compared to moderate calprotectin levels (15–<50 μg/g, p = 0.031). The concentrations of dietary dicarbonyls and AGEs generally present in the diet of Dutch patients with IBD or IBS are not associated with intestinal inflammation, although potential harmful effects might be counteracted by anti-inflammatory components in the food matrix.

Even though a verb can assign a variety of thematic roles to the subject, the most typical role for a subject is that of an agent or that of an experiencer for verbs of perception and mental inference. In this paper, we describe constructions where verbs that typically select agent or experiencer subjects occur with subjects expressing thematic roles typical of adverbials: instrument, time or place. We refer to those subjects as permissive subjects. On the other hand, it is argued that in South Slavic languages, non-agents (and non-experiencers) do not show such a strong tendency to occur in the subject position. We performed a translation task to answer the following research question: What range of structures occur in Bosnian translation equivalents of the following English constructions with permissive subjects: Period sees, Money buys, Object seats number, Object sleeps number, Book/ Album/Record sells copies? The quantitative analysis showed that some of the most frequent translation strategies include the following: middle constructions, passive constructions and constructions where the English permissive subject becomes an adverbial in the Bosnian translation equivalent. Moreover, translation equivalents where the English permissive subject is translated as a Bosnian non-agentive/ permissive subject are rather frequent too. Nevertheless, our qualitative analysis shows that the choice of a translation equivalent for the target construction depends on the English target construction itself. For example, in the case of some combinations, we show a correlation between the thematic meaning of a particular permissive subject in English and the choice of a translation equivalent.

Despite the increasing digitization, the traditional foreign language textbook plays a crucial role in the teaching and learning process. It has a direct influence on lesson planning and formulation of objectives, and is the key medium for both teachers and learners. Therefore, this article explores the specificity of the foreign language textbook in the context of foreign language teaching and learning. An attempt is made to clarify the term “foreign language textbook”, with various related terms. Tasks and features of foreign language textbooks are examined, as well as their relation to the target group with regard to age, language level and learning objectives. Global, regional and regionalized textbooks are compared and their advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Finally, the potentials and limitations of foreign language textbooks are explained as well as the outlook on the future of textbooks.

The purpose of this paper is to comprehend the complex ethical picture of Dostoevsky through his great novels Crime and Punishment, The Idiot, Notes from Underground, and The Brothers Karamazov. Along with the numerous topics that Dostoevsky tackles in his novels, which are directly related to the history of European ethics, his idea of absolute humanism – thymos – remains evident in his entire work. In that sense, this paper will try to provide answers as to how Dostoevsky’s work relates to some great philosophers and their ethical systems, what kind of relationship it has with Christian morality, and finally, how it relates to secular humanist ethics. In order to tackle different and conflicting ideas, this paper will show that Dostoevsky’s opus must be read with the awareness that two opposite views on the same subject do not imply reality decomposition, but a statement about its essence, and obvious truth.

The paper presents a simultaneous numerical analysis of the geometric and material nonlinearity of the beams. It describes a process of determining the bearing capacity of a stratified cross-section of a beam made of homogeneous and isotropic material in linear and nonlinear domains of material behaviour. Material nonlinearity is analysed by the variation of the cross-sectional stiffness of the beam on bending EI in the stiffness matrix of the system obtained according to the first-order theory. Geometric nonlinearity is introduced into the calculation using the geometric stiffness matrix of the system. Numerical examples present an application of the procedure for solving problems of nonlinear structure analysis. The calculation results obtained in accordance with the procedure described in the paper are compared with the results of the SCIA software package.

In areas where urban tracks are used as public transportation, dynamic stray currents cause high maintenance costs for the tracks and metal structures near the tracks. S tray currents caused by rail vehicles depend on many factors (traffic density, vehicle speed, acceleration and deceleration, soil and track moisture), so it is very difficult to get a clear picture of the harmfulness of the stray current based on the results of a single field measurement. However, there are several measurement methods that can be used to determine the presence of stray currents and predict appropriate track maintenance actions. Some of these methods are described in this article, namely the use of stray current mapper, measurement of rail potential and rail current, measurement at the stray current collection system, and the use of non-destructive sensors. In track construction, measuring the electrical potential between rail and ground is one of the most common methods of detecting the damaging influence of stray current.

Važan element reforme visokoga obrazovanja u skladu s Bolonjskom deklaracijom je izrada kvalifikacijskog okvira koji omogućuje prepoznatljivost i usporedivost kvalifikacija stečenih završetkom svakog od triju ciklusa studiranja. S obzirom na to da je Bosna i Hercegovina od 2003. godine potpisnica Bolonjske deklaracije, u ovom se radu nastojalo otkriti u kojoj mjeri odabrani programi nastavničkih studija na Sveučilištu u Mostaru udovoljavaju implementaciji bolonjskog procesa u Bosni i Hercegovini. Cilj rada bio je utvrditi jesu li kompetencije i ishodi učenja koji se stječu završetkom drugog ciklusa određenih nastavničkih studija Sveučilišta u Mostaru usklađeni s deskriptorima koji opisuju sedmu razinu kvalifikacija u Osnovama kvalifikacijskog okvira u Bosni i Hercegovini, a samim time i s deskriptorima kvalifikacija drugog ciklusa studiranja Kvalifikacijskog okvira europskog prostora visokog obrazovanja. Na temelju provedene kvalitativne analize sadržaja odabranih programa nastavničkih studija Sveučilišta u Mostaru ustvrđeno je da treba uložiti dodatne napore kako bi se postigla veća usklađenost ishoda učenja i kompetencija tih studija s deskriptorima kvalifikacija navedenih u Osnovama kvalifikacijskog okvira u Bosni i Hercegovini.

INTRODUCTION Pelvic packing (PP) as a simple method of ”damage control surgery” in severe abdominopelvic hemorrhage in gynecological and obstetric surgery after emergency obstetrics or gynecological hysterectomy. OBJECTIVE To present the case of successful PP as a simple and effective method in refractory pelvic bleeding after emergent peripartum hysterectomy and severe obstetric shock with consumptive coagulopathy. CASE REPORT Acording to laboratory findings and clinical condition in a 30-year-old (G2 P2) parturient, it was most likely an obstetric embolism with uterine rupture as the cause of severe postparum hemorrhage with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and obstetrics hemorrhagic shock development in the described case. Pelvic packing after postpartum hysterectomy was the definitive minimally invasive and simple hemostatic procedure. CONCLUSION The use of pelvic packing and obstetrics skills should be included in the protocol as a necessary, life-saving, and uncomplicated vital indication procedure.

One of the key topoi in the work of F. M. Dostoevsky is the images of space, which with their impressiveness and intrigue depict the action like it is happening before our very eyes. This way, Dostoevsky brings hypotyposis of space through which, in addition to clear ideas of concrete spaces, we also get his characters vividly depicted. This paper will explore almost the entire opus of Dostoevsky with a synecdoche approach but pars pro toto to demonstrated that hypotyposis is, in fact, one of the key narrative devices of the Russian writer.

Znanost i razvoj inženjerske industrije osnova su razvoja svake zemlje. Sve zemlje su suočene s nedostatkom osoblja u području znanosti, tehnologije, inženjerstva i matematike. Stoga mlade ljude treba poticati na nastavak školovanja u tim područjima. Jedan od načina je integracija STEM nastave u osnovnim i srednjim školama. Bosna i Hercegovina (BiH) uključila se u svjetske tokove i zajedno sa stranim vladinim i nevladinim organizacijama uvela projekt ENABLE – BiH kojem je cilj jačanje STEM područja u nastavi i obrazovanju. Istraživanje za potrebe ovoga rada je provedeno u 9. osnovnoj školi u Brčko distriktu BiH, koja je sudionica u ovom projektu. Istraženo je postojanje razlike u stavovima učenika o STEM nastavi u odnosu na način pohađanja nastave, je li riječ o razrednoj ili predmetnoj nastavi. Korištene su 4 varijable koje su grupirane faktorskom analizom. Analizom je obuhvaćeno 117 učenika koji su ispunili anketni upitnik preko 80 %. Rezultati su pokazali da jedino u varijabli vrijednost STEM nastave postoji značajna statistička razlika između ocjena učenika razredne i predmetne nastave. Rezultati provedenog istraživanja pomoći će u daljnjem razvoju STEM nastave u BiH jer istraživanje pruža temelj za razumijevanje učeničke prihvaćenosti STEM nastave.