The importance of minimum capital adequacy ratios in preventing banks from going bankrupt and losing depositor money is underscored by their ability to absorb a reasonable amount of losses. This work contributes to the literature on bank capital and, in particular, delivers a thorough analysis of bank capital in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia contexts. This analysis refers to the strand of literature on non-performing loans and bank capital that has been of continuous interest to researchers. It is a relevant area of research because it discusses the most important part of the banking business, especially in the context of increasing global competition and crises. In this scientific area, we inquire whether and how leverage rate, gross domestic product rate, and return on equity affect the capital adequacy ratio. In this respect, this study advances the literature of effects on bank capital that have not been analysed by other scholarly contributions, especially as it discusses the impact of leverage rate, gross domestic product rate, and return on equity in the context of the entire banking systems of Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia. The study is limited to a six-year period from 2016 to 2021. Empirical evidence based on the application of a model suggests that both countries resulted in different correlations between countries. Modelling was done to determine the relationship between the independent variables LR, GDP Growth, ROE, and effect on CAR. In addition, the capital adequacy ratio proves to be more and more important for banks.

The main goal of this research is to evaluate the returns and risks of the following types of assets: Bitcoin, EUR Stoxx 50, gold, bonds: government bonds ICE Bof A 1-10 Year excluding Italy and Greece and the corporate bond index ICEB of A 1-10 Year AA. The paper tested a total of ten portfolios according to different scenarios for digital and financial assets. Also, in the paper, greater measures of risk and return were calculated with the aim of forming an optimal portfolio with minimal risk. The results of this research revealed that the correlation between Bitcoin and other forms of financial assets is generally low and negative, which can be a good instrument for portfolio diversification, and positively affect portfolio performance. Also, the results of this study showed that in terms of volatility and return measure of a total of ten portfolios, the second portfolio (whose structure consists of Bitcoin, Euro Stoxx 50, gold, government bonds ICE Bof A 1-10 Year - excluding Italy and Greece and the corporate index bond ICEBof A 1-10 Year AA) is the most optimal portfolio. The findings of this research can serve in risk and loss assessments of portfolio managers, investors, and regulators.

Background: In the last two decades diagnostic criteria for acute kidney injury (AKI) were developed: Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss of Kidney Function, End-Stage Kidney Disease (RIFLE), Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN), and Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) classifications. Objective: The study aimed to determine the incidence of AKI based on the RIFLE, AKIN, and KDIGO criteria, as well as analyze their predictive value for mortality and renal function outcome. Methods: This was a single-center prospective study of patients diagnosed with AKI. Acute kidney injury was defined and classified according to the RIFLE, AKIN, and KDIGO criteria. The outcomes were renal function outcome and in-hospital mortality. Results: The incidence rates of AKI based on the RIFLE, AKIN, and KDIGO criteria were 13.4%, 14-36%, and 14.64%, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that higher stages of AKI according to the KDIGO criteria were independently associated with non-recovery of renal function (p=0.011). However, the predictive ability of RIFLE, AKIN and KDIGO classifications for renal function recovery was poor (Area Under the Receiver Operating Characteristics-AUROC=0.599, AUROC=0.637, AUROC=0.659, respectively). According to the RIFLE and AKIN criteria, in-hospital mortality was statistically significantly higher in stage Failure/3 (p=0.0403 and p=0.0329, respectively) compared to stages Risk/1 and Injury/2. Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) analysis showed that all three classifications had poor predictive ability for in-hospital mortality (AUROC=0.675, AUROC=0.66, AUROC=0.681). Conclusions: KDIGO classification is an independent predictor of renal function non-recovery. However, by ROC analysis, all three classifications have poor predictive ability for renal function outcome and mortality.

Background: The lumbar spinal canal consists of 5 interconnected lumbar vertebrae through which the final part of the spinal cord passes and the lumbar and sacral spinal nerves that form the cauda equina. The lumbar canal stenosis can directly affect neurological symptoms and pain in the lumbar region and lower extremities. Due to the frequency of such symptoms, lumbar stenosis has been the subject of research around the world. Objective: The objective of this study was to measure, analyze and compare the mediosagital and interpeduncular diameters of the lumbar spinal canal in the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina to other populations around the world. Methods: We conducted a retrospective descriptive study on patients (n=200) who underwent Multi-slice computer tomography (MSCT) performed on a 40-slice CT scanner (Siemens Somatom Definition AS) for lumbar pain between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2014. Age, gender, midsagittal (MSG) and interpeduncular (IP) diameters of the lumbar spine were recorded for each patient. Results: Results of our study show that the largest MSG diameter is at L1 level for both sexes, with an average length of 19,06mm, and the smallest at L3 level, with an average length of 16,66mm. Our study shows that the MSG diameter is significantly larger in females than males on all levels from L1 to L5. In both sexes, MSG diameter shows the form of an hourglass with narrowing at L3 level. IPD is largest at L5 level for both sexes, with an average length of 31,94mm, and the smallest average length at L1 level, at 24,78mm. IPD diameter is significantly larger in males than females on all levels from L1 to L5. IPD shows a tendency of growth from L1 to L5 in both sexes. Conclusion: There were significant differences in the dimensions of the lumbar spine canal between female and male patients. We found significant difference in MSG and IP diameters measurements between Bosnian and Herzegovinian population compared to other populations. The dimensions of the lumbar canal provide a baseline of normative data for the evaluation of patients presenting with lower back pain and lumbar canal stenosis in study population.

Introduction:The diagnosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in preterm newborns with perinatal asphyxia based on increased serum creatinine (sCr) value and oliguria/anuria is usually delayed. The Aim of this paper is to evaluate serum cystatin C as an early predictor of AKI. Materials and methods:The study included 42 preterm newborns (24-37 weeks) with perinatal asphyxia (Apgar score (AS) ≤ 3 at 5 minutes of life or blood pH on admission ≤ 7.00). The sCr and sCysC levels were measured on the 1st, 3rd, and 7th day of life. According to KDIGO criteria, the newborns were classified into groups, and sCr and sCys-C values were compared. Results:The mean gestational age was 29.9 ± 3.0 weeks. AKI was diagnosed in 62.8 % of patients. Of these patients, 81.5% belonged to AKI 1 group, and 18.5 % to AKI 2 group.No newborns had the criteria for AKI 3. On day 7 the mean sCr values were significantly higher in AKI (65.4± 21.8) compared with the non-AKI group (168.4±38.2) (p<0.001), but not on day 1 and 3 (p = 0.322, 0.012, respectively). The sCys-C values were significantly higher in the AKI group on day 3 ( AKI vs. non-AKI group, 0.69 ±0.22 vs. 1.22 ±0.20; p <0.001) and day 7 (AKI vs. non-AKI group, 0.62 ±0.41 vs. 1.68 ±0.20; p <0.001). The sCys-C was also an earlier marker of a more severe stage of AKI than sCr. Conclusion:The sCys-C was elevated earlier than sCr, making it a valuable diagnostic tool for AKI in preterm newborns.

Understanding the responses of animals to seasonal heat stress on the genomic level has led to the identification of genes implicated in thermal stress reaction mechanisms. In this study, the relative gene expression of Interleukin-10 (IL-10), an anti-inflammatory cytokine and biomarker for heat stress-mediated immune modulation, was observed during the summer and winter seasons in continental and tropical sheep breeds, namely, Hungarian Indigenous Tsigai and White Dorper, employing quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Temperature-humidity indices (THI) were calculated to assess heat stress levels. The results indicate that IL-10 CT-values were significantly higher during the summer, when heat stress prevails, in both sheep breeds compared to winter. While the White Dorper exhibited a higher numerical value for the summer relative gene expression ratio (16.2) compared to the Hungarian Indigenous Tsigai (12.3), no significant differences in CT values were observed between breeds or among sexes. These findings suggest the immune-adaptive characteristics of the two sheep breeds during seasonal heat stress. The variation of IL-10 gene expression levels between the two breeds can be attributed to their geographical origins; the White Dorper emerging from arid subtropical South Africa and the Hungarian Indigenous Tsigai Sheep thriving in the seasonally harsh Carpathian climate for centuries.

The paper provides general information and guidelines for the development of Mobility the Hub’s Action Plan of the City of Sarajevo. The action plan will cover a short-medium term time frame and vision, establishing a series of actions and measures to look for a visible and different concept of mobility through five basic components, such as: infrastructure, electromobility, auxiliary services, renewable energy sources and digital solutions. The main purpose of the work is to reduce the negative effects of traffic on citizens and the environment, encourage the transformation of urban mobility and direct the way of thinking towards sustainable development. Above all, defining the criteria for locating mobility hubs in urban areas. The conclusion is that mobility nodes are built in places of high concentration of people, which are places of exchange of passengers and places to which a large number of people gravitate. The Mobility Hub’s concept represents an attractive location/facility that offers users options for environmentally clean and practical modes of travel. It unites infrastructure and services in one place, creating a reliable model for a new way of moving around the city that saves money, is healthier, and increases involvement in green city transportation.

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Quality of experience (QoE) is a multidimensional concept that has been in the focus of the research community for quite some time, especially after the rapid development of information and communication technology (ICT). It has been examined in many contexts (web, telecommunications, economy, medicine, etc.), for different media types (text, audio, video, augmented/virtual reality, etc.) and systems in various domains. Given that logistics and transport is a potent ICT-based domain for research activity in the future, in order to ease and improve the investigation of QoE in the contexts of logistics and transport, we aim to sum the recommendations and lessons learned for the investigation of QoE on the basis of our existing research. These suggestions cover how to treat the concept of QoE and relate it to other fields, techniques and environments to examine and treat QoE, as well as future technologies that need to be included. We provide insight into how these challenges can affect examination of QoE in logistics and transport and discuss ways to overcome them.

Given that, in the realization of the mission of a non-profit organization, employees play the most important role, in this research we questioned the employees' job satisfaction and their dedication to the organization. The problem question was aimed at examining the influence of job satisfaction on organizational commitment. Data were collected through a questionnaire from respondents in the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The sample consisted of employees of the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The statistical software package for data analysis -SPSS -was used to analyze the collected attitudes of 602 employees. The main research hypothesis was: H1. Job satisfaction has a direct impact on the organizational commitment of employees of the Islamic Community in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The obtained results confirmed the main hypothesis. The research also confirmed that within the framework of the functioning of the aforementioned non-profit organization, it would be important to research other topics in the field of human resource management.

Capacity discharge percussion welding is nonconventional welding process where heat source is an electric arc obtained by discharging of capacitor bank. The arching time is very short, around 10 ms, and depends on a few parameters such as: capacity of capacitor bank, voltage, movement speed of welded pieces during welding. During arching a certain amount of material is melted and after that squeezed out by applied force used in welding process. Quantity of squeezed material depends upon heat input, intensity of the force pressing the wires during welding and many other parameters. Mechanical properties of welded joints depend on welding parameters. In this paper is described the influence of capacity discharge percussion welding parameters on mechanical properties of welded joints.

Background: Rhinophyma represents an advanced stage of rosacea, chronic cutaneous inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit with unknown etiology and primarily affects the central face, predominantly the nose region. Significant psychosocial effects are associated with the disease. The diagnosis is made according to the physical exam and pathohistological findings. Rhinophyma occurs more often in middle aged and older male patients. Objective: The aim of this article was to present the cause of rhinophyma, clinical characteristics, surgical treatment and postoperative results. Case report: We present the case of a 60-year-old male patient with rhinophyma, who was successfully treated surgically at the Clinic of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Conclusion: There is no gold standard treatment for rhinophyma. However, surgical treatments, such as scalpel excision, dermabrasion, cryosurgery, argon laser, carbon dioxide laser, and electrocautery, have been used.

Background: Compression of the ulnar nerve at the level of Guyon’s canal is a very rare compressive neuropathy. Due to the vast range of symptoms that can manifest depending on the degree of ulnar nerve compression, the clinical picture is not consistent. Objective: The aim of the study is to outline the diagnostic techniques and therapeutic options. Case report: We reported a case of ganglion cyst-induced compression of the ulnar nerve in Guyon’s canal. A 45-year-old female patient underwent surgical ulnar nerve release in Guyon’s canal at the Clinic for Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Discussion: After a thorough medical history and physical examination, the diagnosis of the syndrome is made, and ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) testing are used to determine the origin of the neuropathy. A ganglion cyst was identified pathohistological one month following the surgical excision of the soft tissue tumor. In order to hasten the patient’s nerve recovery, physical therapy was recommended, and the patient was monitored for the following two years. After two years of treatment, the patient has made a very good recovery of the functionally damaged hand, as determined by a modified Bishop scoring method for evaluating functional ulnar nerve recovery. Conclusion: In virtually all cases, early surgical intervention can lead to an outstanding functional recovery. If the symptoms are more severe and continue or get worse for more than three months, early surgical intervention is the gold standard for treating Guyon’s canal syndrome. If soft tissue formations are compressing the ulnar nerve in Guyon’s canal, MRI is thought to be the gold standard for diagnosis.

This study presents the results of volumetric and viscometric measurements of caffeine solutions in an equimolar mixture of ethylene glycol – water, known as antifreeze. Measurements were made in the temperature range T = (283.15 – 313.15) K and up to a caffeine molality of 0.12 mol∙kg-1. Experimental results are supported by molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations. The obtained results indicate that water molecules have a dominant role in the solvation of caffeine. At the same time, ethylene glycol acts as a dehydrating agent and promotes the self-aggregation of caffeine and the investigated mixture.

The aim of this work was to get a detailed insight into the ion’s interactions along with the structure-making/structure-breaking tendency that has been retrieved through the perusal of calculated parameters from volumetric measurements for aqueous solutions of three newly synthesized ionic liquids: 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorite, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chlorate and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium perchlorate. Further, the antimicrobial activity of synthesized and commercial (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride) ionic liquids on certain strains of bacteria and fungi was obtained. Antimicrobial tests were performed using the in vitro microdilution method against isolated strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus bacteria, and the fungus Candida guilliermondii. This method is a rapid, quantitative method for the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) using small amounts of samples (µl) and test compound. Based on the obtained results, the influence of the homologous series of chloride oxyanions on hydration and antimicrobial properties of imidazole-based ionic liquids will be discussed.