Abstract Objectiv: Anatomic characterization of the nutrient artery of upper extremity long bones differs among the several textbooks on human anatomy. To elucidate the anatomical features of the nutrient foramen (NF) through which the nutrient arteries pass, we examined the morphology and topography of the NF on the diaphysis of the long bones of the upper extremities. Methods: A total of 150 (50 humeri, 50 radii, 50 ulnae) macerated and degreased adults, long bones of the upper extremities, unknown age, and gender were used as material in this study. The following parameters were determined for each bone: total number of NF, foramina index (FI), total bone length, position of the NF based on the FI value and the surface of the shaft/body of the bones, and obliquity of the nutritional canal (NC). Results: The largest number of NF was found on the middle third of the anteromedial side of the humerus diaphysis, with NC directed distally, that is, towards the elbow. Radius and ulna had predominantly one NF, on middle third of anterior surface, with NC directed proximally. Conclusion: This study provides additional and important information on the location and number of NF in the long bones of the upper and lower extremities in the Bosnian and Herzegovinian population.

This article reports on the use of a Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platform for local ultra-stable optical frequency distribution through a 90 m-long fiber network. This platform is used to implement a fully digital treatment of the Doppler-cancellation scheme required by fiber links to be able to distribute ultra-stable frequencies. We present a novel protocol that uses aliased images of a digital synthesizer output to directly generate signals above the Nyquist frequency. This approach significantly simplifies the setup, making it easy to duplicate within a local fiber network. We demonstrate performances enabling the distribution of an optical signal with an instability below 10-17 at 1 s at the receiver end. We also use the board to implement an original characterization method. It leads to an efficient characterization of the disturbance rejection of the system that can be realized without accessing the remote output of the fiber link.

One of the cornerstones of a reliable transmission and distribution (T&D) grid operation is fully functional components that can operate robustly and with a low outage rate under all specified operating conditions. Dependable maintenance strategies are thus indispensable and are applied by grid operators around the world. One of the present key challenges in many countries with a widely developed T&D grid system is aging components that reach their anticipated end of life. Asset management faces the question of whether the lifetime of components could be prolonged and the replacement could be delayed. For this, the health of the components needs to be assessed and is ideally continuously monitored. In addition to this, the currently ongoing transition of the entire energy system leads to a change and increase of stress on the T&D equipment. The integration of new renewable energy sources on all voltage levels leads to bidirectional power flows and increased variability. The higher demand for electric power not only increases power-flow levels on average, but also in particular, peak flows. The result of this changed and increased stress on the equipment is an accelerated aging component and the need for maintenance strategies to be adopted for this new situation.

High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are considered risk factors in the origin of several human malignancies, such as breast, cervical, head and neck, as well as colorectal cancers. However, there are no data reported on the HPV status in colorectal cancer in the State of Qatar. Therefore, we herein examined the presence of high-risk HPVs (16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 45, 51, 52, and 59), using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a cohort of 100 Qatari colorectal cancer patients, and their association with tumor phenotype. We found that high-risk HPV types 16, 18, 31, 35, 45, 51, 52, and 59 were present in 4, 36, 14, 5, 14, 6, 41, and 17% of our samples, respectively. Overall, 69 (69%) of the 100 samples were HPV positive; among these, 34/100 (34%) were positive for single HPV subtypes, while 35/100 (35%) of the samples were positive for two or more HPV subtypes. No significant association was noted between the presence of HPV and tumor grade, stage, or location. However, the presence of coinfection of HPV subtypes strongly correlated with advanced stage (stage 3 and 4) colorectal cancer, indicating that the copresence of more than one HPV subtype can significantly worsen the prognosis of colorectal cancer. The results from this study imply that coinfection with high-risk HPV subtypes is associated with the development of colorectal cancer in the Qatari population.

Syneresis represents the appearance of separation of whey on the surface of the product and is considered an important parameter of the quality of fermented dairy products. For the production of the fermented milk drink, kombucha was used as a non-traditional starter. Two sweeteners were used, honey and sucrose.The aim of the work was to examine the influence of starter and sweetener on changes in the subsequent acidity and intensity of syneresis of the samples during storage. The results were compared with a control sample obtained by inoculation with a conventional starter culture. During storage, there was a drop in pH value and an increase in titratableacidity, as a resultof the constant metabolic activity of the microflora and the production of lactic acid in the produced samples. Honey, as a sweetener, had an effect on the lower pH value of the fermented milk drink samples. The analysis of variance showed a statistically significant difference in the titratable acidity results and the intensity of syneresis of the samples during storage.Samples that were produced with kombucha as a starter showed better structure stability during storage and better quality. During storage, sample kb4 showed the best structural stability and the lowest intensity of syneresis. KEYWORDS:stinging nettle extract;bioactive components;extraction;antioxidant

This study aims to test the inhibition potency of new thienobenzo/naphtho-triazoles toward cholinesterases, evaluate their inhibition selectivity, and interpret the obtained results by molecular modeling. The synthesis of 19 new thienobenzo/naphtho-triazoles by two different approaches resulted in a large group of molecules with different functionalities in the structure. As predicted, most prepared molecules show better inhibition of the enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), considering that the new molecules were designed according to the previous results. Interestingly, the binding affinity of BChE for even seven new compounds (1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, and 13) was similar to that reported for common cholinesterase inhibitors. According to computational study, the active thienobenzo- and naphtho-triazoles are accommodated by cholinesterases through H-bonds involving one of the triazole’s nitrogens, π-π stacking between the aromatic moieties of the ligand and aromatic residues of the active sites of cholinesterases, as well as π-alkyl interactions. For the future design of cholinesterase inhibitors and search for therapeutics for neurological disorders, compounds with a thienobenzo/naphtho-triazole skeleton should be considered.

The aim of this study was to investigate sensory properties of industrial and homemade mayonnaise. Results showed that homamade mayonnaise contained higher level of oil, NaCl and egg yolk. Industrial mayonnaise had slightly higher scores for all sensory properties and overall acceptability. Mayonnaise samples have scores between 5.21 and 8.57 with no samples rated as unacceptable. Homemade mayonnaise vs. industrial samples had following average values: fat 71.08% vs. 67.20%, egg yolk 18.28 vs. 4.74% and NaCl 2.17% vs. 1.17%, overall acceptability scores 6.90 vs. 7.31. The best sensory properties have Thomy classic mayonnaise and homemade sample with 250 mLof oil, 2 egg yolks and lemon juice.

Food-grade siloxanes are inert and therefore do not emit dangerous substances. Due to these properties, it is completely harmless, unlike technical silicone. FTIR spectroscopy was used to confirm the assumed mechanism of the crosslinking reaction of siloxane. The addition of highly active silicon (IV) oxide leads to an increase in hardness and tensile strength and affects the final properties of the cross-linked materials. The analysis of the thermal properties of the synthesized siloxane materials and their nanocomposites with the addition of hydrophilic and hydrophobic particles of silicon (IV) oxide was performed using a DSC device, which showed that the increase in the proportion of nanofillers significantly affects the values of the melting temperatures of silicone elastomer materials.