The security of SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) systems is critical due to their key role in managing and controlling industrial processes. This paper explores the security aspects of SCADA systems, with a particular focus on the implementation of paired internal and external firewalls as a primary protective measure. SCADA systems are often exposed to various types of threats, including malware, unauthorized access, and targeted attacks, which can lead to serious consequences for production processes and infrastructure. Internal firewalls serve as the first line of defense within the network, filtering traffic between different segments of the SCADA network and preventing potentially malicious activities within the network itself. External firewalls, on the other hand, provide protection at the network perimeter, filtering incoming and outgoing traffic and preventing unauthorized access from external threats. The paper analyzes different threat scenarios and vulnerabilities, best practices for firewall system configuration and management, including network segmentation, traffic rules, and activity monitoring. It also considers the importance of regular updates and maintenance of firewall rules to respond to new threats. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of an integrated approach to SCADA system security, where firewalls represent a critical, but not the only, component of a comprehensive protection strategy. Establishing layered security through a combination of technological solutions and operational procedures is essential for effectively maintaining the integrity, confidentiality, and availability of SCADA systems.

For the assessment of the hydrological regime, the impact of natural or anthropogenic changes on the watershed, and the evaluation of flood events in gauged and ungauged watersheds, hydrological models are increasingly being used. The HEC-HMS model for rainfall-ruoff events was utilized to model three distinct events from different periods prone to floods at the hydrological station in Drvar on the Unac River. Considering that this is a karst watershed, modeling runoff presents a unique challenge. This study examined the applicability of a relatively simple model, parsimonius in parameters and input data, as well as the transfer of model parameters from one event to another. The input data for the calibration and validation of the model consisted of hourly discharge and precipitation data. The study performed manual calibration by adjusting one parameter at a time. Based on efficiency measures (PBIAS, NSE, RSR), a set of parameters was selected for each rainfall event. The final calibration results demonstrated a good agreement between the observed and computed hydrographs according to all efficiency measures. In the validation process, the efficiency measures were poorer, and the transfer of parameters from one event to another was partially successful.

Radikalne promjene u političkom životu Bosne i Hercegovine krajem 19. i početkom 20.stoljeća, uzrokovane turbulencijama evropskog društvenog bića, neposredno su inducirale tematskaopredjeljenja tadašnjih avangardnih pisaca. Književnost je svojom obuhvatnošću postala najpogodnijinačin za popularisanje naprednih ideja o demokratizaciji postojećih društvenih i državnih struktura.Dogovorom velikih evropskih sila na Berlinskom kongresu (1878), pod silnicama povijesnihpromjena, nestajalo je Otomansko carstvo, a na njegovim i drugim teritorijama formirale su se novenacije i države. Pravo upravljanja u civilnim poslovima pripalo je Austro-Ugarskoj monarhiji, avjerska pitanja ostala su u nadležnosti sultana u Carigradu. Bosna je postala “corpus separatum”,zbog kompleksnog dualističkog usoja K. u. K. monarhije, kojim je upravljalo Ministarstvo finansija.Nova vlast, uspostavljena vojnom silom, provodila se krutim administrativnim aparatom s upotrebomnjemačkog jezika. Anomija društva, sekularizacija i prisila, kao globalne kategorije u periodu krutevladavine K. u. K. dovela je do radikalnih promjena u kojoj je na udaru bila najsiromašnija kategorijetadašnje popoulacije – seljaci. Nametanje poreza, kazne, hapšenja, nasilno oduzimanje zemlje i stoke,pravo na život i egzistenciju pobudili su interese u avangardnih književnih krugova koji su započeliliterarnu borbu za poboljšanje takvog stanja i težnju za uspostavom demokratskih jednakosti.Bosanskohercegovački pisac iz srpskog naroda, Petar Kočić, svoje napredne liberarne, stavove onepravdi koju trpi njegov narod, izravno je prenio u satiru “Jazavac pred sudom”. Idejna porukaskrivena u postupcima izgradnje fabule, karakterizacije likova i indirektnog inkorporiranjahumoresknih dijelova rezultirala je suprotstavljanjem i ironijskim odnosom prema nasilnomponašanju vlasti. Cilj ovog rada je, metodom istraživanja, analize i dokazivanja, potvrditi kolikosatira kao žanrovska kategorija pogoduje umjetničkom izražaju neposredno povezanom sa kritičkimstavovima o političkom nasilju. Namjera nam je objasniti stav pisca, koji u svojoj krajnjoj konstanticijiplasira ideju o reakciji rezigniranog čovjeka postavljenog na rub egzistencije.

The paper presents the monitoring of biotic damage agents over a five-year period (from 2018 to 2022) at bio-indication point BIT I Štubik near Negotin, which includes oak trees (7/8 of all trees) and maple trees (1/8 of the total number of trees at the site). The presence of several types of biotic damage agents was recorded, some of which are very dangerous and significant. The most common were harmful insects, among which the most notable was the gypsy moth Lymantria dispar. At the end of the study in 2022, the highest number of undamaged trees was recorded (83.3%), while the most damage was present in 2019 when only 1/4 of the trees were undamaged. It can be said that the condition of the crowns is directly related to the percentage of biotic damage agents.

This manuscript explores the significance of state estimation methods in electric power systems, with a particular focus on the role of Phasor Measurement Units. In the manuscript is presented the basic principles and advantages of state estimators in the absence of PMU measurements, followed by an analysis of how PMU measurements significantly enhance the accuracy of state estimations. Through a detailed review, we highlight the key characteristics of PMUs and how their synchronized data contributes to improved state estimation quality. The paper investigates the security aspects of state estimation, specifically focusing on malicious attacks through the injection of false measurements (FDIA). Using a concrete example, it is demonstrated how an FDIA attack can significantly impact the accuracy of state estimations by introducing inaccurate data into the system. The manuscript also considers a strategy for detecting such attacks through residual analysis

In this paper, the authors used multi-criteria decision-making to select among the offered types of tractors with the aim of determining the possible effects of certain weight coefficients on the final ranking of alternatives. For the purpose of determining the weights of the given criteria, three objective decision-making methods were used (Entropy, MEREC, and CRITIC), while the MABAC (Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison) method was used for the final ranking. The results of the research show that different weights were obtained for individual criteria, but this did not significantly affect the choice of the best alternative. In all three cases of objective criteria evaluation, the X8 660 tractor was the best alternative in the final ranking. The results are important as they confirm the effective use of the mentioned methods. However, future research should compare these methods with a group of subjective methods to make the final decision in this field as rational as possible.Key words: Tractors, MABAC method, Entropy method, MEREC method, CRITIC method

This paper explores the intricate balance between safeguarding the rights of minors and ensuring effective criminal justice in the examination of juvenile testimony within legal proceedings. Focused on the intersection of criminal law and juvenile justice, the study delves into the challenges and ethical considerations surrounding the interrogation and testimonial processes involving minors. The evolving landscape of juvenile criminal justice necessitates a nuanced approach that considers both the developmental vulnerabilities of young individuals and the imperative to uphold justice. The article addresses the fundamental tension between the rights of minors to fair treatment and the societal interest in uncovering the truth. The examination of minors in criminal proceedings requires a delicate balance, considering factors such as cognitive development, susceptibility to coercion, and the potential impact of trauma. The paper critically evaluates existing legal frameworks and proposes innovative strategies to enhance the protection of juvenile rights without compromising the pursuit of justice.

The contemporary landscape of global security is profoundly influenced by the phenomenonof terrorism, constituting a paramount concern of unparalleled magnitude. While terrorism hashistorically permeated the annals of state formations, its contemporary manifestation has witnessed amarked escalation and proliferation in recent decades. Contrary to popular belief which may confinethe specter of terrorism to the confines of the Old Continent or to nations characterized by democraticgovernance paradigms, its reach extends far beyond such boundaries, impacting diverse geographicallocales and transcending conventional societal demarcations. Indeed, terrorism in the present eraexacts a heavy toll, manifesting in myriad forms and encroaching upon all facets of communalexistence. In its deleterious wake, terrorism undermines the foundational tenets safeguarded by globallegal frameworks, thereby imperiling the bedrock principles that underpin civilizational norms. Thisscholarly exposition endeavors to scrutinize the multifaceted dimensions intrinsic to the phenomenonof terrorism, elucidating the intricate interplay of factors that precipitate recourse to violent means inthe pursuit of political objectives.

Komunikacija odraslih osoba je tema brojnih istraživanja što ne iznenađuje uzimajući uobzir važnost komunikacije i njen utjecaj na svakodnevni život. Uspješno komuniciranje možemosvrstati među izrazito značajne životne vještine. Biološke razlike među spolovima dokazano utječu narazličitu podložnost određenim bolestima, ali i na primjetne bihevioralne razlike. Osim biološkihrazlika izvjesno je i da odgoj osoba muškog i ženskog spola, kao i društveni tretman, nisu u potpunostijednaki, kako zbog tradicijskih tako i kulturalnih vrijednosti, a sve navedeno ostavlja posljedice naponašanje i interpersonalne vještine pojedinca. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati pecepcijubosanskohercegovačke javnosti o postojanju razlika u komunikacijskim vještinama odraslih osoba uodnosu na spol. Rezultati istraživanja govore u prilog tvrdnjama da postoje značajne razlike upercepciji komunikacijskih vještina odraslih osoba u odnosu na pripadnost određenom spolu. Slabijerazvijene komunikacijske vještine, ali i različita komunikacijska očekivanja mogu dovesti doakumuliranja stresa i pojave konflikata odnosno neprimjerenih obrazaca ponašanja uključujućiagresivne i/ili nasilne ispade. Aplikativna vrijednost ovog rada se ogleda u ukazivanju na važnostkreiranja adekvatnih komunikacijskih pristupa prilagođenih komunikatorima, kao i pravovremenog iodgovarajućeg tretiranja nasilne komunikacije kao vida ponašajne patologije.

The UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a global call for action to end poverty, protect our planet's environment and climate, and provide opportunities for all people to enjoy peace and prosperity. Decarbonizing the transport sector is key to achieving the UN and EU climate goals. Under the Paris Agreement, EU countries have committed to making the EU climate-neutral by 2050. To achieve the goal of net neutrality, EU countries have set a goal to reduce net greenhouse gas emissions in all sectors (especially transport) by at least 55% by 2030 compared to 1990 levels and to continue to gradually reduce emissions by 2050, when there should be zero greenhouse gas emissions from all sectors. The Regional Development Strategy, i.e. the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans, aims to respond to the challenges of climate change and green transition and to help the countries of the Western Balkans harmonize environmental regulations with European standards and norms. Electric mobility and management of E mobility is becoming a decisive element in the smart and sustainable development of cities and local communities as one of the UN Sustainable Development Goals. The transition to electric mobility (e-mobility) in urban areas requires a combination of infrastructure, smart grid technologies, vehicle advances, and digital platforms to ensure efficiency, accessibility, and sustainability. Several cities around the world have successfully integrated e-mobility technologies into their urban transport systems. The paper analyses cities that showcase different aspects of electric mobility transformation, with a detailed analysis of the financial investments and economic benefits associated with e-mobility projects in each of the selected cities. Western Balkan cities are gradually adopting e-mobility solutions through subsidies for electric vehicles, expansion of charging infrastructure, electrification of public transport, and integration of micro-mobility. This paper analyses cities in Southeast Europe and the Western Balkans, the challenges in fully adopting e-mobility, and their efforts to implement smart and sustainable urban transport solutions.

Summary:The process of state succession, according to the rules of classical international law and the dominant theory of universal succession taken from Roman law, is inconsistent due to the sources of international law that regulate it. To standardize the practice of dealing with predecessor states and successor states in cases of succession, two international conventions were adopted: the Convention on the Succession of States concerning international treaties in 1978 and the Convention on the Succession of States concerning state property, archives, and debts in 1983. Although the former convention entered into force in 1996, the latter one never did. However, both conventions attempted to standardize the way succession cases are handled following international law. In the case of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY), the process of succession following unconstitutional secession became highly politicized, particularly after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. The instrumentalization of international public law for political purposes in this case is still relevant today, as it highlights the politicization of international relations and legal norms. The Succession Agreement signed in 2001 was a positive step towards fairly dividing the assets and liabilities of the SFRY among the successor states. However, even 23 years after its signing, this process has not been completed. Furthermore, there have been violations of basic human rights by Croatia and Slovenia regarding the succession of acquired rights of former citizens of the SFRY, despite these countries now having the status of EU members. The conclusion suggests the necessity of further cooperation and solving key issues to achieve stability and prosperity in the region.