The contemporary landscape of global security is profoundly influenced by the phenomenonof terrorism, constituting a paramount concern of unparalleled magnitude. While terrorism hashistorically permeated the annals of state formations, its contemporary manifestation has witnessed amarked escalation and proliferation in recent decades. Contrary to popular belief which may confinethe specter of terrorism to the confines of the Old Continent or to nations characterized by democraticgovernance paradigms, its reach extends far beyond such boundaries, impacting diverse geographicallocales and transcending conventional societal demarcations. Indeed, terrorism in the present eraexacts a heavy toll, manifesting in myriad forms and encroaching upon all facets of communalexistence. In its deleterious wake, terrorism undermines the foundational tenets safeguarded by globallegal frameworks, thereby imperiling the bedrock principles that underpin civilizational norms. Thisscholarly exposition endeavors to scrutinize the multifaceted dimensions intrinsic to the phenomenonof terrorism, elucidating the intricate interplay of factors that precipitate recourse to violent means inthe pursuit of political objectives.

This paper explores the intricate balance between safeguarding the rights of minors and ensuring effective criminal justice in the examination of juvenile testimony within legal proceedings. Focused on the intersection of criminal law and juvenile justice, the study delves into the challenges and ethical considerations surrounding the interrogation and testimonial processes involving minors. The evolving landscape of juvenile criminal justice necessitates a nuanced approach that considers both the developmental vulnerabilities of young individuals and the imperative to uphold justice. The article addresses the fundamental tension between the rights of minors to fair treatment and the societal interest in uncovering the truth. The examination of minors in criminal proceedings requires a delicate balance, considering factors such as cognitive development, susceptibility to coercion, and the potential impact of trauma. The paper critically evaluates existing legal frameworks and proposes innovative strategies to enhance the protection of juvenile rights without compromising the pursuit of justice.

In this paper, the authors used multi-criteria decision-making to select among the offered types of tractors with the aim of determining the possible effects of certain weight coefficients on the final ranking of alternatives. For the purpose of determining the weights of the given criteria, three objective decision-making methods were used (Entropy, MEREC, and CRITIC), while the MABAC (Multi-Attributive Border Approximation Area Comparison) method was used for the final ranking. The results of the research show that different weights were obtained for individual criteria, but this did not significantly affect the choice of the best alternative. In all three cases of objective criteria evaluation, the X8 660 tractor was the best alternative in the final ranking. The results are important as they confirm the effective use of the mentioned methods. However, future research should compare these methods with a group of subjective methods to make the final decision in this field as rational as possible.Key words: Tractors, MABAC method, Entropy method, MEREC method, CRITIC method

Geopolymer is a type of inorganic polymer which hardens after being synthesized at ambient temperature. Geopolymers are synthesized by the reaction of poly-condensation of the geopolymer precursor and alkali activator. Ecologically, it would be more favourable to use industrial by-products since the hazardous waste is being taken care of. The most frequently used raw materials for geopolymer production are: kaolin clays, meta-kaolin, fly ash, blast furnace slag, fly ash and slag mixture, fly ash and meta-kaolin mixture and so forth. Fly ash from the Stanari Termal Power Plant, granulated slag from ArcelorMittal Zenica and quarc sand from Tuzla were used as initial raw material for the purpose of the study presented in this work. Based on the results obtained through research carried out in laboratory conditions at the Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences in Zenica and at the "Kakanj" Cement Factory, it can be concluded that fly ash from the TPP Stanari together with granulated blast furnace slag from ArcelorMittal Zenica can successfully use for the production of geopolymer. This test determined that the best compressive strength results were obtained by samples with a ratio of water glass/NaOH=2.0 and that the optimal heat treatment temperature was 60°C.

The discovery and introduction into practice of various substances that have a harmful effect on insects, known as insecticides, have undoubtedly achieved great, and one might even say grandiose, results in protecting people, animals and plants from numerous insects. As is known, their application eradicated certain infectious diseases, facilitated the suppression and treatment of ectoparasitises in humans and animals, and improved and increased agricultural production. In order to increase agricultural production, a large amount (millions of tons) of these funds are used in the world on an annual basis. This is primarily due to the prevailing opinion that agricultural production has become practically impossible without the use of insecticides and other pesticides. The facts just mentioned, that is, this kind of application of insecticides, which is often irrational, is causing increasing concern. In addition to the increasing development of resistance, and thus the decrease in the effectiveness of insecticides, there is also a growing concern about environmental pollution. There are not rare cases everywhere, even here in our country, that non-target insects, that is beneficial insects, ie. bees, but also other organisms in soil and water. The goal of this paper is to point out not only the possible harms of irrational use of insecticides, but also to list some of the insecticides that appeared on the market at the end of the last and the beginning of this century, and those of plant origin as potential substitutes for insecticides that are currently used.

The study investigates how the main characters Alexander (Daniel Brühl) and Christiane (Katrin Sass) and their complex and dynamic relationships are characterized through film dialogue in the German film Good Bye, Lenin! directed by Wolfgang Becker in 2003. Since dialogues often serve as carriers of socio- historical circumstances and interpersonal relationships, which is also evident in this film, the aim of the study is to analyze the gradual revelation of the protagonists’ personal identities, their psychological “currents,” perception of reality, and motives for their actions based on three selected dialogues. In order to follow the emotional depth as well as the internal conflicts in the context of the socio-political upheavals of that time (for example, Christiane’s comatose alertness can be interpreted as a powerful metaphor for the collapse of East Germany), the discourse analysis will also include the linguistic-stylistic features that permeate and contribute to its development.

U radu su prikazane interpretacije rodno zasnovanog nasilja kroz međunarodnopravne, a sprimarnim fokusom na standarde UNa i Vijeća Evrope. Koristeći primarno logičku i lingvističkumetodu u pravu prikazani su načini na koje se tumači rod u sintagmi 'rodno zasnovano nasilje' i kako,u odnosu na ova tumačenja, varira i opseg pojma. Specifičan fokus rada su kontekstualneinterpretacije u lokalnom, bosanskohercegovačkom diskursu. Ovakav pristup motiviran je prvenstvenoanti-rodnim kampanjama u 21. stoljeću u Evropi i Americi (Paternotte i Kuhar, 2017, str. 7; Sosa,2021, str. 3) strukturiranih kao desničarski populizam koji redefinira i demonizira značenje riječi rod(Graff i Korolczuk, 2022, str. 4, 7). Anti-rodne kampanje imaju svoje refleksije i u Bosni i Hercegovinii državama u regionu koja posebno dolazi do izražaja kroz tumačenje 'rodno zasnovanog nasilja' uprevođenju međunarodnih standarda u nacionalno zakonodavstvo.

Nasilje u partnerskim odnosima već dugo je predmet istraživačkog interesa sa fokusom naodrasle osobe. Od 90-ih godina prošlog stoljeća pokazuje se povećani interes za nasilje u vezamamladih kao i njihov kvalitet veze. Prve emotivne veze u ljudskim životima u pravilu se i javljaju zavrijeme adolescentnog perioda, i donose sa sobom nova iskusva i doživljaje. Važna komponentaodnosa sa suprotnim spolom je osjećaj zaljubljenosti. Mladi se u ovom periodu suočavaju s vrlovažnim razvojnim izazovom – pokušavaju uspostaviti novi oblik bliskog odnosa sa osobom koja im jeprivlačna na potpuno novi način. Cilj istraživanja je ispitati percepciju kvalieta emotivnih veza kodmladih i utvrditi prisustvo nasilja sa posebnim osvrtom na njegove pojavne oblike. Uzorak ispitanikasu činili mladi u dobi od 18 do 25 godina. Zadovoljstvo emotivnom vezom predstavlja stepen u kojempojedinac svoju romantičnu vezu procjenjuje kvalitetnom, a ova procjena zadovoljstva ovisi od odnosadobitaka i gubitaka u vezi. U svrhu procjene korištena je Skala procjene kvalitete veze (RelationshipAssesment Scale – RAS) (Adaptirana prema Šunjiić i Penezić, 2014). Za potrebe istraživanjakonstruisan je i Upitnik vezan za prisustvo nasilja u mladenačkim vezama.Rezultati istraživanjaobrađeni su detaljnom deskriptivnom analizom. Rezultati pokazuju da mladi imaju različitupercepciju kvaliteta emotivne veze. Također se pokazalo da su mladi u svjesni postojanja problemanasilja u vezi i da prepoznaju nasilne obrasce ponašanja. U nasilna ponašanja najčepće ubrajaju onakojima se nastoji dominirati i kontrolisati partner. Rezultati istraživanja mogu poslužiti kao baza zakreiranje programa za prevenciju nasilja u mladenačkim vezama.

The research was conducted on a sample of 102 respondents (teachers/professors) employed in elementary schools in the Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main goal of the research is to determine the attitudes and possible differences in the attitudes of teachers and professors regarding the early recognition and development of athletically gifted students who transition from classroom to subject classes, in the activities that the student engages in with regard to the gender, work status, age and level of education of the respondents. As a measuring instrument in the research, a questionnaire with a five-point Likert scale was used, in which each statement has 5 answers (I do not agree at all, I do not agree, I have no opinion/I am neutral, I agree, I completely agree). The survey questionnaire contained seven indicators for the assessment of early recognition and support for the development of sports gifted students, as well as questions related to the respondent’s gender, workplace/position, age and level of education. The results of the t-test and the analysis of variance of the different groups with LSD Post Hoc comparison tests were used to determine any statistically significant differences between the groups of respondents with regard to gender, workplace/position, age and level of education. The obtained results indicate that there are no statistically significant differences in the attitudes of teachers/professors regarding the early recognition and development of athletically gifted students in the activities that the student engages in with regard to gender and age, and the differences in the attitudes of the respondents were determined with regard to work status and level of education of the respondents.

The ratio of concentrations of total nitrogen and five-day biochemical oxygen demand in the sanitary wastewater of an energy infrastructure facility in Serbia is many times higher than usual, resulting in only half of the total nitrogen being eliminated in wastewater treatment plants (membrane bioreactor with anoxic and aerobic reactors) by denitrification. The first step of analysis was mathematical modelling of the composition and origins of the input wastewater. The model was developed based on the scientific literature data on composition of human excrement and the data on composition of water used for sanitary purposes. Next, it was successfully verified by comparisons to the experimental data of the wastewater composition. In the next step, a model for wastewater treatment simulation was created by using the BioWin software (Envirosim Associates, USA) in order to examine functioning of the plant and test the effects of several possible modifications of the process. A good agreement with the qualities of the influent and effluent determined by laboratory analyses was achieved after model calibration. The results of simulations showed a tenfold decrease in the total nitrogen concentration and a fortyfold decrease in the total phosphorous concentration in the effluent after introducing the following modifications to the simulated process: ferric chloride dosing, increasing dosing of acetate in the anoxic reactor by a factor of seven, increasing of the waste activated sludge rate by a factor of four and increasing the recirculation flow rate by a factor of three.

The aim of this research was to determine the structure of football through indicators of situational efficiency in world championship matches. The research sample consisted of 370 soccer players who played all 90 minutes of the Round of 16 matches of the three world soccer championships WC2010 (N = 124), WC2014 (N = 126) and WC2018 (N = 120). 30 variables of situational efficiency were used, which were taken from the official website of the World Football Federation (www.fifa.com). To determine the structure of football, we used factor analysis, the method of principal components with oblique direct oblimin transformation was used, and the Kaiser-Gutman criterion was used to determine the significance of the extracted factors. Analyzing the results, the explanation of the common variance was the highest at WC 2010 (83.52 %), followed by WC 2014 (81.97 %), and the lowest explained variance was at WC 2018 (76.30 %). In the structure of football at WC 2010 and WC 2014, 6 latent factors were singled out, and at WC 2018, 4 latent factors were singled out, which are differently saturated with situational indicators. We conclude that changes have occurred in the structure of football over a period of 8 years, which is shown by the number and structure of factors that have been fished out. The structure of football has changed in such a way that the number of factors has been reduced from 6 to 4, and the structure of isolated factors clearly defines modern football. Based on the results, the guidelines and standards on which football training should be based can be clearly determined, while using certain training tools, training stimuli and appropriate training loads in order to achieve a high level of physical preparation, a high level of technique in movement, a high rhythm of the game and tactical maturity of football players.

The introduction of artificial intelligence into the education system provides new opportunities for improving the quality of teaching and learning. This paper investigates the application of artificial intelligence in the teaching of mathematics, focusing on different approaches, tools and methods that can contribute to a better understanding and mastering of mathematical concepts. Through an analysis of relevant literature and case studies, this paper examines how VI can personalize the learning process, enable adaptive teaching, and support teachers in evaluating and monitoring student progress. The research results show that the integration of artificial intelligence into the teaching process can significantly improve educational outcomes and student motivation, but also pose challenges related to the implementation and ethical aspects of using AI in education.

This paper examines the legal and practical aspects of Article 266 of the Serbian Criminal Code, which criminalizes the import, as well as illegal processing, disposal, and storage of hazardous materials in Serbia. The study explores the conceptual underpinnings of the law, emphasizing its role in safeguarding public health and environmental safety. It scrutinizes the application of Article 266, highlighting notable cases and enforcement strategies employed by Serbian judicial authorities, as well as a study cases related to problems of hazardous waste. The paper also delves into the inherent challenges in the legislation`s implementation, including the identification and classification of dangerous substances, the evolving nature of hazardous materials, and jurisdictional issues. Moreover, the study critically analyzes the impact of international conventions and European Union standards on Serbian law, exploring how global trends influence domestic legal frameworks. The paper concludes by offering recommendations for enhancing the efficacy of Article 266, suggesting legislative reforms, raising public awareness, and improving inter-agency collaboration to effectively combat the illegal handling of hazardous materials in Serbia. U radu se analiziraju pravni i praktični aspekti člana 266.