In clinical practice, there is a very common discrepancy between the clinical findings of patients with lumboischialgia and the radiological findings. This research aimed to determine the degree of correlation between the ODI index and the VAS scale with degenerative changes in the lumbar spine found using MRI. The study included 100 patients, who were referred for an MRI of the lumbar spine and who had a clear clinical picture of lumboischialgia. Patients underwent MRI. Degenerative changes in the lumbar spine and discs were analysed. Patients were asked to answer the questions in the questionnaire about the subjective feeling of pain and functional status, and ODI and VAS scores were calculated. There has been a statistically significant correlation found between the answers to the survey questions and the VAS score (p < 0.001). There was a significant correlation obtained between the level of degeneration and the disability index (p = 0.022), while the correlation with the VAS score has not been found to be significant (p = 0.325). This study has demonstrated a significant correlation between the VAS pain score and the ODI, as well as a significant correlation between the level of degeneration on MRI scans and the disability index; however, the correlation of MRI scan results with VAS score has not been found to be significant.

The identification of vulnerabilities is a continuous challenge in software projects. This is due to the evolution of methods that attackers employ as well as the constant updates to the software, which reveal additional issues. As a result, new and innovative approaches for the identification of vulnerable software are needed. In this paper, we present VULNERLIZER, which is a novel framework for cross-analysis between vulnerabilities and software libraries. It uses CVE and software library data together with clustering algorithms to generate links between vulnerabilities and libraries. In addition, the training of the model is conducted in order to reevaluate the generated associations. This is achieved by updating the assigned weights. Finally, the approach is then evaluated by making the predictions using the CVE data from the test set. The results show that the VULNERLIZER has a great potential in being able to predict future vulnerable libraries based on an initial input CVE entry or a software library. The trained model reaches a prediction accuracy of 75% or higher.

Joint safety and security analysis of cyber-physical systems is a necessary step to correctly capture inter-dependencies between these properties. Attack-Fault Trees represent a combination of dynamic Fault Trees and Attack Trees and can be used to model and model-check a holistic view on both safety and security. Manually creating a complete AFT for the whole system is, however, a daunting task. It needs to span multiple abstraction layers, e.g., abstract application architecture and data flow as well as system and library dependencies that are affected by various vulnerabilities. We present an AFT generation tool-chain that facilitates this task using partial Fault and Attack Trees that are either manually created or mined from vulnerability databases. We semi-automatically create two system models that provide the necessary information to automatically combine these partial Fault and Attack Trees into complete AFTs using graph transformation rules.

Background: Video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) for both minor and major thoracic procedures has become routine practice worldwide. In this study, we present our experience with multiportal and uniportal VATS (MVATS and UVATS) in Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H). MVATS and UVATS procedures were performed in two B&H Clinical Centers: Tuzla and Sarajevo. The first MVATS procedure at Tuzla Clinical Center was conducted in 2004, and the first UVATS lobectomy was performed in 2019. At Sarajevo Clinical Center, the initial MVATS took place in 2005, and the first UVATS lobectomy was carried out in 2020. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 401 VATS procedures with prospective data, collected between 06/2017 and 04/2023. The VATS technique was employed for wedge resections, partial resections, lobectomies, and other types of resections, including metastasectomy. Results: Out of the 401 patients, 242 (60.34%) were male, and 159 (39.66%) were female, with a mean age of 57.2±23 years. The procedures consisted of 231 UVATS and 170 MVATS. Lobectomy was performed in 61 (15.21%) cases, wedge resections in 216 (51.37%), partial resections in 85 (21.19%), and other types of resections in 39 (9.72%) patients. The median duration of the procedure was 210 minutes for lobectomy, and 77.5 minutes for wedge and other types of resections. Major complications, such as bronchopleural fistula in 22 (5.49%) cases, wound infections in 20 (4.99%), atelectasis in 19 (4.74%), lung infiltrations in 15 (3.74%), and bleeding in 15 (3.74%) patients, were observed. The overall mean hospital stay for all procedures was 6.45 days. Conclusion: Uniportal and multiportal VATS techniques are feasible and safe for various indications in thoracic surgery. VATS can be performed in middle-income countries such as Bosnia and Herzegovina with acceptable results, by thoracic surgeons experienced in general thoracic surgery

Introdução: A Doença de Osgood-Schlatter é uma condição ortopédica comum em adolescentes ativos, caracterizada por dor e inflamação na tuberosidade da tíbia, onde o tendão patelar se insere. Apresentação do Caso: Adolescente, 14 anos, comparece à clínica de ortopedia acompanhado pelo pai, com queixas de dor e inchaço no joelho direito.  Discussão: Essa doença ocorre durante os períodos de crescimento rápido, quando a tração repetida dos músculos quadríceps na tuberosidade da tíbia resulta em lesões e irritação. Neste artigo científico, apresentamos uma revisão abrangente sobre a Doença de Osgood-Schlatter, abordando sua epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, apresentação clínica, diagnóstico e opções de tratamento. O diagnóstico geralmente é feito com base nos sintomas e no exame físico, mas a radiografia pode ser útil para descartar outras patologias.O tratamento da Doença de Osgood-Schlatter é principalmente conservador, com ênfase na redução da atividade física, uso de gelo para alívio da dor e fisioterapia para fortalecer os músculos da coxa e melhorar a biomecânica do joelho. Conclusão: Foi observado a carência da literatura que aborda tal condição. Portanto, são necessários futuros estudos que tratem sobre  qual tratamento a ser utilizado.

Introdução: A doença de Meige é uma distonia segmentar que afeta os músculos da face, sendo caracterizada, por blefaroespasmos associados a deturpação da musculatura oromandibular. Apresentação do Caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 46 anos, relata edema persistente em membros inferiores desde a adolescência, acompanhado por episódios frequentes de infecções cutâneas na área afetada. O paciente faz uso frequente de antibióticos e anti-inflamatórios, com melhora apenas temporária. Informa que cinco outros membros da família sofrem de edema crônico nos membros inferiores, mas com sintomas menos severos. Discussão: Podem ser usados para seu tratamento relaxantes musculares, benzodiazepínicos, aplicações de toxina botulínica e, se necessário, cirurgia para modulação cerebral. Todavia, ainda não há relatos de cura da doença, sendo o tratamento baseado em melhora dos sintomas. Conclusão: A doença de Meige provoca um sofrimento imensurável àqueles que vivem com ela. Conhecer seu tratamento é indispensável para dar um pouco mais de conforto à vida dessas pessoas.

The presence of pharmaceuticals in natural waters has been the subject of numerous studies in the last decade due to their potential negative effects on human health and the environment. Indeed, the intensive use of pharmaceuticals leads to their presence in municipal wastewater. Unfortunately, international and national regulations still do not require continuous monitoring of the presence of pharmaceuticals in natural waters and drinking water, so wastewater treatment plants do not focus on removing them from wastewater. Diclofenac, 2-[2-(2,6-dichloroanilino)phenyl]acetic acid (DCF), is a nonsteroidal compound used as an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic drug and is therefore commonly found in wastewater. Due to its properties, DCF remains biologically active in the aquatic environment and easily enters the food chain. Therefore, DCF should be removed from wastewater before it is discharged into water bodies. Adsorption is an efficient and simple method that can be used to remove DCF from water. In this study, the possibility of removing DCF by adsorption on activated carbon is investigated. Modified hazelnut shell (MHS), modified commercial activated carbon Cullar (MC) and unmodified commercial activated carbon Cullar (C) were batch tested as adsorbents. The tested adsorbents were characterised by FTIR, zeta potential and pH pzc , while the adsorbent efficiency was tested in the pH range from 2 to 10 and described by isothermal studies. Among the tested adsorbents, the maximum uptake of 48.7 mg g −1 was found when modified activated carbon Cullar was used, while both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models fitted well to the data. Modified activated carbon from hazelnut shells showed effective removal of DCF.

Citizens of the city of Sarajevo and of other industrial cities are faced with a record number of days of increased pollution. In the winter months, the city of Sarajevo faces a large number of days of pollution caused mainly by the use of fossil fuels in individual houses for heating purposes. The current situation can be changed by the massive use of energy from renewable sources such as solar energy. This paper aims to evaluate the potential of solar energy in the city of Sarajevo. The use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) represents the most significant technological and conceptual approach to spatial data analysis. Using existing models for calculating incoming solar radiation integrated in the GRASS GIS and SAGA GIS software, we achieved the goal and calculated the results for solar energy potential in the city of Sarajevo and presented them for the specific settlements. The model was implemented on the basis of created Digital Elevation Model (DEM) from Google Earth – free datasets, using techniques to collect and convert data with different software. Comparative results of selected model research are evaluated using the collected solar irradiance values from the meteorological stations, other research results, and the solar energy potential estimated via the Photovoltaic GIS Information System (PVGIS).

OBJECTIVE Canine hip dysplasia (CHD) is a global disease and an improved diagnostic approach to this orthopedic condition is needed, with an emphasis on inexpensive and minimally invasive techniques. This research aimed to determine the differentiating potential of selected biochemical markers in serum between healthy dogs and dogs with hip dysplasia in a breed-specific study that involved the Tornjak dog population. ANIMALS 99 Tornjak dogs radiographically categorized (Federation Cynologique Internationale procedure and scoring scheme) between December 2019 and April 2021, as having no sign of hip dysplasia or near normal hip joints (nondysplastic group; n = 51) vs mild, moderate, or severe hip dysplasia (dysplastic group; 48). METHODS Serum concentrations and enzyme activity of the biochemical markers hyaluronic acid (HA), procollagen II C-terminal propeptide (PIICP), and metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) were compared among adult dogs with or without radiographic hip dysplasia. Statistical tests used to examine the differentiating potential of biochemical markers in Tornjak dog groups were assessed using the Mann-Whitney U test, logistic regression, and receiving operating characteristics (ROC) analysis. RESULTS Tornjak dogs with radiographic CHD had significantly lower serum concentrations of HA and higher concentrations of PIICP and MMP9 activity compared to dogs with radiographically normal hips (P < .05). Selected biochemical markers could distinguish dogs with radiographic CHD from those without CHD with high sensitivity and specificity. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data suggest that the diagnostic technique of measuring serum concentrations of HA, PIICP, and MMP9 activity has a selective ability to distinguish dogs with dysplastic from dogs with normal hips.

BACKGROUND Parents play a central role in the treatment of childhood stuttering. Addressing parental attitudes toward stuttering is helpful therapeutically. The extent to which differences in attitudes toward stuttering exist on the basis of sex, geographical region and parental status (e.g., parent of a stuttering child, parent of a nonstuttering child, nonparent) is unclear. Many studies investigating such factors have used the Public Opinion Survey of Human Attributes-Stuttering (POSHA-S) questionnaire. A large POSHA-S database has collected responses from over 20 000 people from 49 countries. AIMS The aim of this study was to use the POSHA-S database to examine the extent to which the following variables influence attitudes toward stuttering: (a) parents' sex (mothers vs. fathers), (b) geographic region (Middle East vs. Europe and North America), (c) parents' children (stuttering vs. nonstuttering) and (d) parental status (parents versus nonparents). METHODS & PROCEDURES Data used in this study were extracted from selected, relevant studies that administered the POSHA-S to respondents. The Overall Stuttering Scores were compared on the basis of sex and parent status (i.e., mothers and fathers; nonparent women and men) and were then compared within and across the two geographical areas. Group comparisons were performed using analysis of variance followed by independent t tests, and Cohen's d was calculated to determine effect sizes. OUTCOMES & RESULTS Statistically significant differences were observed upon the basis of geographical region. In general, male parents and nonparents tend to have more positive stuttering attitudes among the Middle Eastern samples while female parents and nonparents tend to show more positive attitudes in European and North American samples in the POSHA-S database. Effect sizes were small for all comparisons. CONCLUSIONS & IMPLICATIONS The effect of geographic region and culture may predict sex-based differences among mothers' and fathers' attitudes toward stuttering; however, the clinical significance is unclear. Additional research is needed to better understand how children who stutter are affected by their parents' attitudes toward stuttering. WHAT THIS PAPER ADDS What is already known on this subject The research clearly indicates that attitudes toward stuttering vary according to geographical region. Less clear is whether mothers and fathers from geographically diverse backgrounds hold different attitudes toward stuttering and the extent to which parental status (being a parent, parent of a child who stutters or nonparent) affects attitudes toward stuttering. What this study adds This study's findings confirm that geographical differences do influence attitudes toward stuttering. Male parents and nonparents tend to have equal or more positive attitudes toward stuttering in Middle Eastern samples, whereas non-Middle Eastern female parents and nonparents tend to show hold more positive attitudes. What are the clinical implications of this work? In addition to being culturally sensitive when working with parents of children who stutter, clinicians should also consider that mothers and fathers may have some differences in attitudes and behaviours toward their child's stuttering. These differences should be considered when designing treatment plans. It should also be noted that, despite statistical significance, the effect sizes in this study were low, suggesting that further research as well as close collaboration with parents of children who stutter is warranted.

This paper describes the combined use of several analytical methods to characterise the painting technology used in two socialist realism portraits of national heroes from World War II that are now housed in the Historical Museum of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Inspection under UV light has shown that there was no previous retouching or overpainting on either painting. Microchemical tests identified the type of canvas. The radiograms indicated whether pigments with lower or higher atomic masses were used and how well the ground was rubbed among the threads of the canvas. A better penetration of the ground into the canvas and layers of oil dye that were applied to both sides of Painting 1 contributed to its better protection against high humidity. TLC revealed the type of ground on both paintings as a classic chalk-glue ground. The high humidity was responsible for the occurrence of metal soaps on Painting 2, which were confirmed by FTIR. The XRF analysis was used to describe the pigment palette, trace the causes of existing damages, and facilitate retouching. The results of this integrated diagnostic approach were used to optimise the conservation and better understand the features and techniques used in the creation of Bosnian socialistic artwork.

The wars of Yugoslav succession in the 1990s dramatically stimulated interest in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH). To satisfy this interest from the outside world, many historical publications offered up various explanations for the outbreak of the wars.1 Yet the prior, and perhaps more significant, development occurred on the eve of the war, when historians in Bosnia and Herzegovina – although to a considerably lesser extent than in Serbia and Croatia – made an important contribution to national(ist) mobilisation and to the creation of a belligerent atmosphere by sensationally broaching traumatic topics linked to the Second World War.2 The war in the 1990s left behind a devastated and divided country and created deep social divisions which have also affected the role and status of the nation's historiography. Many today accept the claim that Bosnia and Herzegovina is a country in which there exist three views on history, although this is only partly true, because in this country far more than ‘three views on history’ exist. In practice, the thesis of three national historiographies (Serbian, Croatian, and Bosniak)3 turns out to be completely erroneous, because the existence of ‘national historiographies’ would also presume the existence of clearly defined thematic and methodological approaches to historical research, and that is not the case with historiography in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Hence, it is more precise to speak of a scholarly historiography that exists alongside an ideologically or politically motivated historiography or ‘parahistoriography’, by which is meant ‘dealing with history . . . in a completely different way than studying history’.4

The condition assessment of structures using the non-destructive ground penetrating radar (GPR) method is based on the analysis of the strength, sign and shape of the signal reflected from the objects under the examined surface. Therefore, it is used for locating reinforcement in reinforced concrete structures, determining the type and structure of structural elements, evaluating the corrosion of reinforcement, etc. This paper presents the applicability of the GPR method for locating reinforcement and determining the geometry of structural elements, as well as the study of the sensitivity of the GPR signal to chloride-induced corrosion parameters.

This paper investigates the dynamics of non-autonomous competitive systems of difference equations with asymptotically constant coefficients. We are mainly interested in global attractivity results for such systems and the application of such results to the evolutionary population of competition models of two species.