This paper explores the transformative impact of digital technologies on the fitness industry, focusing specifically on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in enhancing modern exercise equipment. By analyzing the needs of recreational users and professional athletes, it examines how AI-driven fitness devices optimize personalization, improve performance tracking, and elevate the overall user experience. Using G&S Premium Gym in Bijeljina—the first fitness center in Bosnia and Herzegovina to integrate AI-powered equipment—as a case study, the paper delves into the technical specifications, functionality, and user interaction with these advanced machines. Key findings reveal that AI technologies significantly enhance training efficiency and customization, contributing to measurable improvements in user satisfaction and physical performance. However, challenges persist, particularly regarding technology accessibility, user digital literacy, and data privacy concerns. The research highlights the potential for AI to redefine standards in recreation while addressing these challenges. Recommendations for future research and implementation emphasize the importance of affordable, user-friendly AI solutions and improved data security measures.

Modern lifestyle, the abundance of high-calorie food, and the lack of physical activity have led to a global increase in obesity rates. In this context, the development of smart fitness equipment powered by artificial intelligence (AI) represents significant potential for enhancing physical activity, monitoring health parameters, and providing personalized guidance for weight loss and fitness improvement. This paper explores the functionalities and advantages of AI-equipped fitness devices, including physiological parameter monitoring, motion analysis through computer vision, detection of improper exercise execution, and automated adjustment of training plans. Special attention is given to the role of these technologies in obesity prevention among adults, as well as their potential for early detection of health risks. In addition to the literature review, the paper incorporates a practical case study conducted in Bijeljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina, where AI-integrated smart fitness equipment is already in use. This example illustrates the real-world implementation of such technologies and highlights their relevance for improving public health outcomes. Through a combined methodological approach, the paper examines actual and practical examples of successful applications of AI-powered fitness systems and discusses the challenges of their broader implementation within the context of public health.

<p><strong><i>Purpose</i></strong> &ndash; The profitability of green supply chains is the subject of numerous debates, analyses, and studies. While meta-analysis results of previous studies indicate that implementing green supply chain management (GSCM) practices leads to better environmental and economic organizational performance and outcomes, the impact on social and operational performance is contradictory. This study aims to clarify the relative significance of external drivers (coercive, normative, mimetic) versus internal drivers (organizational capabilities) on adopting green supply chain management practices through qualitative analysis.</p> <p><strong><i>Design/methodology/approach</i></strong> &ndash; This study applies the qualitative research methodology and thematic analysis for collecting, analyzing and interpreting data. Primary data are collected using semi structured interviews (n = 6). Key informants are managers in SME BiH, representatives of EU delegations, university professors, public sector representative and key researches in the field of transition to green supply chains in BiH.</p> <p><strong><i>Findings </i></strong>&ndash; The results indicate that, while SMEs in BiH face significant challenges in transitioning to green supply chains, the potential benefits outweigh the barriers. Both internal and external challenges need to be addressed through a combination of strategic initiatives, government interventions, and international collaborations. Internally, companies face financial constraints, lack of expertise, resistance to organizational change, and insufficient investments in sustainable practices. Externally, barriers include underdeveloped markets, regulatory inconsistencies, limited government support, inefficiencies in market mechanisms, information gaps, and inadequate waste management infrastructure. These challenges collectively hinder the adoption of green practices and limit the pace of transition.</p> <p><strong><i>Research limitations/implications</i></strong> &ndash; This study is limited to qualitative insights from a small sample of industry professionals. Future research could expand the sample size and incorporate quantitative methods to validate the findings.</p>

Egg productivity and morphological parameters of domestic laying hens eggs are an objective criterium of their well-being. Decreased egg production and egg defects may be the only sign of the latent course of trichomoniasis in poultry. We investigated the level of productivity and morphological indicators of eggs in the conditions of a mini poultry farm of laying hens with spontaneous trichomoniasis. It was found that 20% of hens stopped laying. Decrease in egg production by 29.16 %, various defects in the texture of the shell (calcareous bumps, deformations, lack of a calcified layer) and the internal content of the egg (thinning of the protein part, presence of hemorrhages) were found in laying hens with preserved egg production. Severe forms of obstructive salpingitis and atrophic ovariitis with the absence of ovulatory follicles in the altered ovarium were diagnosed in poultry with cessation of egg production as a result of trichomoniasis infestation by post-mortem examination.

This article critically investigates the factors leading to the stagnation of democratization and the persistence of societal divisions in post-conflict Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH), with a particular focus on the role of political elites. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines historical comparative analysis with qualitative content analysis of political developments, media reports, and public statements. The research uncovers that political elites in BH have systematically exploited and deepened ethnic divisions as a means to consolidate and maintain power supporting the hypothesis that insufficient success in managing diversity is influenced by the interests of political elites to maintain political power through ethnic divisions. This process of homogenizing ethnic groups for political leverage is identified as a significant barrier to democratization and societal integration. The study also examines the lingering effects of ex-Yugoslav socialism and regional geopolitical influences, particularly the relationships with Serbia and Croatia, in shaping the nation’s political and ethnic landscape. The main findings highlight that the deliberate actions of political elites, aimed at reinforcing their power bases through ethnic polarization, are the principal contributors to the failed democratization and the continuation of a divided society. The study underscores the necessity for policy interventions that target the root causes of ethnic division, emphasizing the need for political reforms that diminish the power of elites to manipulate ethnic identities for their gain. These insights are vital for understanding the challenges in BH and offer valuable lessons for other post-conflict and multi-ethnic societies grappling with democratization and ethnic reconciliation.

This paper evaluates the impact of a paradigm shift in the monetary system by introducing a model of full reserve banking, focusing on the outcome of separating the generation of money from interest, which can only be achieved by abolishing the system of creating money through debt creation in the banking system. The main thesis argues that the current system, in which private commercial banks create money by issuing loans, results in deposits that mix savings achieved through economic activity with newly created money, leading to economic inefficiency and potential instability because debt and interest are always greater than the economic value created. The 100% sovereign money system corrects this by ensuring that only the central bank has the authority to create money, simplifying the financial landscape and restoring money to its rightful status as a public good and stable unit of measure. The study uses a comparative analysis between the current banking system with fractional reserves and the proposed banking system with 100% sovereign money, which is entirely reserve money. Balance sheet modeling demonstrates the impact of segregating investment and deposit accounts on the books of banks and the central bank. The methodology includes a hypothetical presentation of the balance sheet under the new system, emphasizing the accounting separation of “deposit” and “investment” accounts to end the creation of money by private commercial banks. The balance sheet analysis indicates that adopting a 100% sovereign money system requires state intervention through state deposits into the banking system to achieve the desired level of credit activity.

Varvari Ali-pasha was an Ottoman high military commander and governor who flourished during the first half of 17th century. He was native of village Varvara in Bosnia. In this paper, the six archival documents from 1649 were analyzed. The documents were dealing with settling of Paša’s debts. The debts were covered from his inheritance which was excluded from the part of his property confiscated by the State Treasury. His then unsettled debts amounted to 728. 800 akçes. According to the documents, there were Pasha’s six creditors. Five of them were Muslims, one person was Jewish. Mustafa Bey, who was the Pasha’s son, was one of his creditors as well. The documents provide important data on Pasha’s biography, on his family, on his entourage and his household, as well as on the circulation of the European silver coins in the Ottoman Empire during mid of 17th century. Also, they illustrate the socio-economic situation of the Empire in the given period.

The long-standing tradition of real estate registration in Bosnia and Herzegovina has led to the development of several different models for recording real estate information. From the time of the Ottoman Empire to the present day, various authorities have taken charge, each leaving its own mark on the methods of recording real estate and property rights. This paper examines the current state of cadastral and land registry records in the Federation of B&H, as well as the human resources and geodetic equipment available to municipal and city services. The research findings indicate that changes in laws affecting property record-keeping have had significant impacts, resulting in a highly diverse situation regarding real estate records in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina today. This paper provides an accurate overview of the current state of real estate records and offers a solid foundation for making decisions and planning improvements to the management of property records and rights.

Violence is one of the most serious violations of human rights, as evidenced by its complexity and effects. Young people’s violence is one of the most prominent types of violence in our culture. Adolescents who exhibit violent conduct are also more likely to engage in other harmful behaviours, such as chronic lying, drug addiction, reckless driving, high-risk sexually transmitted infections, and chronic absences from school. Emotional difficulties, such as a lack of emotional regulation skills, difficulty resolving conflict, or difficulties coping with feelings of rage, jealousy, or rejection, frequently lead to violence in young people. Since many teen conversations now take place in public on the internet, these difficulties have worsened as social media has grown in popularity. This heightens the teenagers’ feelings of guilt, embarrassment, humiliation, and fear of others’ judgment. Psychologists are shedding light on the matter with their research insights, highlighting the protective and risk factors in violent conduct and prevention strategies and initiatives. This paper attempts to propose a new approach to the prevention and disruption of violence among adolescents that puts an emphasis on developing strengths and abilities rather than standard psychoeducation. Some of the promising strategies that can assist in forecasting teens’ risk for real-world violence include making meaning, developing interpersonal skills, regulating emotions and behaviour, training in communication skills, peer-led programs, digital monitoring, and bystander intervention, which includes peers, parents, and teachers. Not only can these interventions shield teenagers during a crucial developmental stage, but they can also lower their future risk of committing and experiencing intimate partner abuse.

Kult boga Atisa dokumentovan je na nekoliko lokacija u unutrašnjosti provincije Dalmacije, tačnije na području današnje Bosne i Hercegovine. Spomenik obrađen u ovom radu jedan je od do sada nepoznatih primjera. Ovo otkriće pronađeno je na području općine Nevesinje. Nažalost, okolnosti njegovog pronalaska nisu poznate, ali analiza sačuvanog reljefa i ikonografije sugeriše da je riječ o kultu Atisa. Spomenik je u velikoj mjeri oštećen i sadrži vrlo malo elemenata koji se mogu smatrati determinirajućim. Primarni determinirajući element odnosi se na položaj tijela, tačnije nogu, i oslanjanje na štap.

Pharmacists have been recognized as the most accessible healthcare professionals, and research has been carried out on expanded pharmacy services they could provide. Additional pharmacy services are a cost-effective way to prevent medication errors, reduce the number of drug-related problems, and prevent chronic disease progression. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate pharmacy service users’ views of expanded pharmacy services in Croatia. This study included 745 participants. Patients who have a healthcare professional in their family more frequently knew of the existence of e-health records and the option to share it with their pharmacists (134, 56.3% vs. 229, 45.2%, p = 0.005), while persons that have chronic illness more frequently visit the same pharmacy (176, 77.9% vs. 178, 34.3%, p < 0.001). Participants are confident that pharmacists can provide screening services and education on inhaler usage; however, only around 60% agreed that pharmacists can independently lead therapy adjustment, medication substitution, or monitor therapy based on test results. Our findings should be supported with projects evaluating the cost-effectiveness of such services as they would be accepted by a greater number of pharmacy service users if covered by the national health insurer.

In this article, we present the main features of the dynamic rapidly-exploring generalized bur tree (DRGBT) algorithm, a sampling-based planner for dynamic environments. We provide a detailed time analysis and appropriate scheduling to facilitate a real-time operation. To this end, an extensive analysis is conducted to identify the time-critical routines and their dependence on the number of obstacles. Furthermore, information about the distance to obstacles is used to compute a structure called dynamic expanded bubble of free configuration space, which is then utilized to establish sufficient conditions for a guaranteed safe motion of the robot while satisfying all kinematic constraints. An extensive comparative study is conducted to compare the proposed algorithm to competing state-of-the-art methods. Finally, an experimental study on a real robot is carried out covering a variety of scenarios including those with human presence. The results show the effectiveness and feasibility of real-time execution of the proposed motion planning algorithm within a typical sensor-based arrangement, using cheap hardware and sequential architecture, without the necessity for GPUs or heavy parallelization.

Speech and language delay in children is associated with increased difficulties with reading, writing, attention and socialization which also affects the child's entire organism. The aim of the research was to examine the oral hygiene habits in children with delayed speech development and children with typical development in the area of the Tuzla Canton and to determine deviations and differences between the groups. The sample consisted of 80 respondents from the area of the Tuzla Canton, children with slow speech development who came for regular treatments at the Center for Early Growth and Development and children who came for regular dental examinations. During the research, a survey was conducted onchildren' parents with delayed speech development, as well as parents of children with typical development who made up the control group. Age and gender information were used, but not information of identity. There is a difference between answers regarding the child' birth weight, maintaining the child's oral hygiene, the first dental examination, extraction of deciduous and permanent teeth, consumption of sweets, frequency of annual visits to the dentist. In a larger number of observed parameters, the working hypothesis was confirmed while the null hypothesis was rejected. In order to preserve the oral health of children it is necessary to work on the promotion and prevention of oral health as well as early detection of oral and dental diseases and to strengthen cooperation between dentists and experts dealing with the problems of children with developmental disabilities.

After being presumed extinct, the blind mole rat was rediscovered in Vučedol, Croatia. Phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial markers (cytochrome b and 16S rRNA) were conducted to classify the population. The results confirmed a distinct separation between the Lesser mole rats (Nannospalax leucodon clade) and Western mole rats (N. monticola clade). Within the N. monticola complex, six lineages were identified, which likely diverged during the Middle to Late Pleistocene. The Vučedol sample belongs to the montanosyrmiensis cytotype subclade, which was also found in Fruška Gora, Serbia. This subclade may represent a new species, showing K2P genetic distances of 4.3% to 5.7% from the "Pannonian Plain" subclade located on both banks of the Danube River. In two Pannonian localities, secondary contacts between populations of both subclades have been documented. One of them is the Kelebia –Subotička peščara population, where a unique subclade "Kelebia" was identified. Populations with montanoserbicus cytotype cluster within two distinct subclades, montanoserbicus A and montanoserbicus B, with K2P distances ranging from 4.6% to 5.3%, indicating potential species status for montanoserbicus A. In the most parsimonious network, montanoserbicus B exhibits a close relationship with the Pannonian Plain sublineage and a single sample from Bosnia and Herzegovina, showing K2P distances of 1.9% to 3.2%, suggesting that they may belong to the same species, N. monticola. Significant divergence between populations in Bosnia and Herzegovina highlights the need for further exploration of local variability and taxonomic status. Detailed analyses with additional markers from more localities are necessary before final species delimitation and taxonomic revision can occur. For now, Nannospalax monticola (Nehring, 1898) remains the sole valid name in the N. monticola complex.