Psychological violence among adolescents and young adults represents a significant challenge for both public health and the educational system, with long-term consequences for mental well-being. This study aimed to examine the prevalence and forms of psychological violence among individuals aged 12 to 24, as well as their awareness and personal experiences related to this issue. The research was conducted on a sample of 75 participants aged between 12 and 24 years, using a structured questionnaire that included demographic data, experiences with psychological violence, and familiarity with protective responses. The results revealed that a considerable number of participants had been exposed to various forms of psychological violence, including verbal abuse, social exclusion, and rejection. The study provides insight into the extent of psychological violence in this age group and indicates the need for further support measures. The discussion emphasizes the importance of involving students, parents, and teaching staff in efforts aimed at fostering emotional literacy and non-violent communication. Further research and programmatic development are recommended to enhance supportive strategies in school environments.

The study was conducted on a sample of 146 respondents - lower grade elementary school students, chronological age 7 - 11 years old, in the urban area of the city of Banja Luka. The total sample of respondents was divided into five subsamples according to chronological age. The main objective of the study was to determine the frequency and structure of postural disorders of the spinal column in the studied sample of subjects, as well as the differences in the prevalence of postural disorders with respect to the chronological age of the subjects, using a transversal cross-section. To assess the prevalence and differences in postural disorders of the spinal column, disorders in the sagittal plane (kyphosis and lordosis) and disorders in the frontal plane (scoliosis) were analyzed. The degree of postural disorders of the spinal column was determined using Contingency Tables - calculating frequencies (F) and percentages (%). The statistical significance of the differences in the prevalence of postural disorders of the spinal column in the sagittal (kyphosis and lordosis) and frontal planes (scoliosis) in lower elementary school students was determined using Univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and the differences in relation to their chronological age for each type of disorder were determined using the analysis of the results of the Post Hock comparison test. The degree of postural disorders of the spinal column determined by Contingency Tables - by calculating the frequency (F) and percentage (%) indicates a significant percentage of spinal column disorders (kyphosis 21.2%, scoliosis 19.9%, lordosis 19.2%), mainly in the first degree of deformation (minor deviation from the normal status), which allows for correction of the condition with the application of adequate corrective exercises in working with students of this age. The results of the univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) show that the prevalence of kyphosis is statistically significant at the level of statistical significance p

The study was conducted on a sample of 50 female respondents - girls from the Primary School “Sveti Sava” and the Primary School “Sutjeska” from Modriča, aged 10 to 12 years, who train volleyball in the Volleyball Club “Modriča - Novoprom” from Modriča, with the aim of determining partial and global quantitative changes in the applied morphological characteristics that occurred under the influence of a specially defined volleyball program lasting six months. The study used a set of 12 variables to assess morphological characteristics measured according to the instructions of the International Biological Program (IBP). To determine partial quantitative changes (differences) of the applied morphological characteristics, the results of the T test analysis were applied, and to determine quantitative changes (differences) of morphological characteristics at the global level, canonical discriminant analysis was applied. The results of the T test and canonical discriminant analysis show that under the influence of the programmed volleyball work for six months, statistically significant partial and global changes (differences) occurred in the space of morphological characteristics that can be attributed to the influence of the applied volleyball program, but changes in the biological growth and development of the subjects that are characteristic of the age group 10-12 years should not be ignored. The obtained results may be useful for coaches of younger volleyball selections in volleyball clubs and volleyball schools, and physical education teachers in quality programming of the training and teaching process with younger age categories of girls.

The research was conducted on a sample of 102 respondents (teachers) employed in primary schools in the Zenica-Doboj Canton of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The main objective of the research is to determine the attitudes and opinions and possible differences of the respondents on the specifics of the relationship between developmentally appropriate practice and gifted students who move from classroom to subject teaching within the individual curriculum, considering the gender, employment status, age and level of education of the respondents. The research used a five-point Likert scale questionnaire in which each statement was marked with 5 answers (1-I completely disagree, 2-I disagree, 3-I have no opinion/I am neutral, 4-I agree, 5-I completely agree). The questionnaire included general data on the respondents (gender, workplace/position, age, level of education) and 5 indicators of developmentally appropriate practice with a scale of indicators of developmentally appropriate practice in supporting students’ giftedness. For all indicators of teachers’ attitudes about the specificity of the relationship between developmentally appropriate practice and gifted students in sports who move from classroom to subject teaching within the individual curriculum, basic descriptive statistical parameters (arithmetic mean -AS and standard deviation -St. Dev.) were calculated and determined. To determine the statistical significance of differences between groups of respondents, the results of the t-test and analysis of variance of different groups with LSD Post Hoc comparison tests were applied. The arithmetic mean (AS) of all indicators of 3.92 shows that teachers/educators agree very well with the statements about developmentally appropriate practice. The standard deviation (SD) value of 0.82 indicates that the dispersion around the arithmetic mean is very weak, which is confirmed by the coefficient of variability (CV) of 20.92% and thus the very good homogeneity of the results obtained for this sample of respondents. The results of the T test and analysis of variance with LSD Post Hoc comparison tests indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in the attitudes of the respondents about the specificity of the relationship between developmentally appropriate practice and gifted students in sports who move from classroom to subject teaching within the individual curriculum with regard to gender, age and level of education of the respondents. The difference was determined only among the respondents with regard to employment status. In general, it can be concluded that teachers/educators have uniform attitudes about the specificity of the relationship between developmentally appropriate practice and gifted students in sports who move from classroom to subject teaching within the individual curriculum. The significance of the results obtained is that in this way, continuous and quality development of gifted students in sports who move from classroom to subject teaching can be ensured.

Background/Aim. Balance problems in post-stroke patients should be recognized and treated with the most effective rehabilitation approaches. The aim of this study was to assess a group exercise program with chairs for improving balance and walking ability in post-stroke patients. Methods. This single-blind, randomized, controlled study included 86 post-stroke patients recruited from the only inpatient rehabilitation facility in the country. Patients were randomly assigned to one of the two groups: a group that had conventional rehabilitation only (control group) or a group that had a group exercise program with chairs, along with the conventional rehabilitation (treatment group). The methodology encompassed examination of demographics, history, clinical (balance was assessed using a Berg Balance Scale - BBS), and functional characteristics (walking ability and ability to use stairs). The assessments were made at baseline and after three weeks of rehabilitation. Results. All participants completed the exercise program. According to BBS, the balance improved in both examined groups: by 3.16 ? 2.16 (t = -4.989; p = 0.001) in the control group and by 8.33 ? 5.85 (t = -9.326; p = 0.001) in the treatment group. Significant improvement in balance and walking ability was registered in the treatment group compared to the control group. Conclusion. Group exercises with chairs appear to be effective in improving balance and stroke rehabilitation in post-stroke patients.

In a time marked by climate change and the depletion of natural resources, solar energy is increasingly recognized as a key driver of sustainable development. This paper analyzes the role of solar energy in the energy transition, focusing on its technical capabilities, economic benefits, and potential for job creation. Furthermore, it explores how the synergy between technological advancement and market mechanisms can accelerate the replacement of fossil fuels and contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. The technical section outlines recent progress in photovoltaic technologies, improvements in solar panel efficiency, cost reductions in production, and the role of smart grids in integrating renewable sources into the energy system. Through an analysis of market trends, the importance of investments in renewable energy, subsidy mechanisms, tax incentives, and public-private partnerships in expanding solar capacity is emphasized. From an economic perspective, the paper explores the potential of the solar industry to create jobs–ranging from manufacturing and installation to maintenance and research. Utilizing available statistical data and models, the study demonstrates that investments in the solar sector yield multiple benefits: energy sovereignty, reduced dependence on fossil fuel imports, and the creation of new economic opportunities in both rural and urban areas. Case studies from countries that have successfully implemented solar strategies (e.g., Germany, Spain, and India) highlight key success factors and foreseeable obstacles that can be addressed proactively. Special attention is given to the role of public policy and regulatory frameworks that support the faster integration of solar energy, as well as the need for education and workforce retraining in accordance with the demands of the new energy paradigm. The paper concludes that synchronized efforts between technological development and market instruments are essential for accelerating the green transition. Solar energy, as a clean, renewable, and increasingly accessible resource, has the potential not only to replace fossil fuels but also to become a foundation for economic resilience and social equity in a post-carbon society.

Over time, gastronomy has undergone transformation and today represents a completely different dimension of humanity compared to earlier periods. New concepts appear daily in the market, but the foundation of quality and successful gastronomy still lie in simple principles: proper food management, menu creation based on market trends, and the harmony between food and drinks. Food plays an important role in tourism promotion, with climate, culture, and history shaping the character of food in a given region. One of the most important aspects of understanding a culture is food. The trend of gastro-tourismis on the rise, as is the desire of tourists to travel long distances to taste local and traditional specialties. Oenology plays a significant part in gastronomy, with food and wine playing an essential role in attracting tourists when choosing a destination, enhancing its commercial appeal. When a carefully chosen dish is paired with a specific fruit brandy, a harmonious taste is created, giving people an opportunity to experience the tradition and cultural richness from which fruit brandy originates. A wide range of local products enriches the tourist offer and contributes to the authenticity of the destination.

This research focused on the use of multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods in fruit production, which requires the evaluation of numerous economic, biological, and technological factors. The complexity of decision-making in fruit production stems from the need to assess both quantitative and qualitative criteria. To address this, we applied the IMF SWARA method and the Fuzzy Bonferroni operator to determine the weight coefficients of key criteria. The research was conducted in multiple stages, utilizing a combination of different methods. In the first stage, the research team identified 11 criteria to be evaluated by various experts. In the second stage, a survey was developed, and 17 experts in the field of fruit production assessed the weight of the parameters. Finally, the determination of the criteria weights, using the IMF SWARA method and the Fuzzy Bonferroni operator, was based on the previous evaluation provided by four experts who identified themselves as belonging to the group of "University Professors". Out of a total of eleven criteria, two (C4 and C7) were identified as the most important.

This study explores the trend of in-store fulfillment in omnichannel retail, where nearby store inventories are utilized for online order fulfillment. This model presents advantages such as faster delivery, cost reduction, improved stock management, increased sales, and enhanced customer satisfaction. Operational challenges include determining the optimal fulfillment location for online orders. Investigating a retailer with online and brick-and-mortar stores, this paper addresses dynamic order fulfillment decisions considering customer demand and shipping cost uncertainties. The study employs Stochastic Dynamic Programming for shorter periods and the Genetic Algorithm for longer periods, revealing that the Genetic Algorithm provides solutions closely approximating optimal.

Background: Schizophrenia is a complex and debilitating psychiatric disorder characterized by a constellation of clinical signs and symptoms that are categorized into distinct positive, negative, disorganization and cognitive symptom domains. It remains one of the most intriguing psychiatric research topics with a worldwide prevalence of 1% leading to lifelong disability in more than 50% of the sufferers. As a psychopathological entity, schizophrenia reflects the specific existential context of an individual, while maintaining a consistent core in regard to all stable and diagnostically relevant characteristics. In terms of content, schizophrenic manifestations display an abundance of individual differences, while the pattern related to symptoms and the course of the disease remains the same. No other disease can so radically damage the personality of the patient and potentially destroy the very foundations of what we consider to be the essential part of every human being. In medical terms, it is primarily a neurocognitive or neurobiological disorder. The outcome of the disease is better in female patients compared to male patients who have a higher risk of rehospitalization and twice as long duration of hospital treatment. An earlier onset of the disease in male patients, negative symptoms and a more severe clinical picture are noted, with a less promising therapeutic response to neuroleptics. The onset of negative symptoms is more variable. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the correlation of positive and negative symptoms (PANSS scores) and quality of life (The Flanagan scale) in patients with schizophrenia according to gender. Methods: The sample included 40 subjects with schizophrenia (21 males; 19 females). The study was conducted at the Department of Psychiatry Clinical Center University of Sarajevo. Results: All male subjects have a PANSS negative symptoms score of 17 or higher, while all female subjects have a PANSS negative symptoms score of less than 17. While the difference in the variances is not statistically significant, the results show that the difference in the average values of the PANSS symptom score between male and female subjects is statistically significant for both positive and negative symptoms (p=0.026). The average score on the quality of life assessment scale for the observed group was 48.5 with a standard deviation of 5.6. The distribution of results on the Flanagan quality of life assessment scale (QOLS)deviates somewhat from the imaginary distribution of the normal distribution only in the area of higher and lower values, without the presence of distinct extremes. Negative symptoms were associated with different QOLS domains, but both positive symptom clusters showed no substantial association with QOLS. Conclusion: This aspect of the illness may account for the low level of emotional expression and neuromotor dysfunction in infants who subsequently have schizophrenia. In other patients, the negative symptoms first occur after the onset of psychosis. As a psychopathological entity, schizophrenia reflects the specific existential context of an individual, while maintaining a consistent core in regard to all stable and diagnostically relevant characteristics.

Material properties are crucial factors in the modern world, influencing products quality, functionality and overall durability. Knowledge of these critical mechanical properties of materials used in a vast array of industrial and consumer products, transportation, construction, healthcare, and advanced manufacturing is essential to preventing health and safety hazards, controlling the costs of production and creating better-designed, more durable and higher quality products. Hardness is an extremely important material property describing a material’s resistance to localized deformation from an indenter pressing or scraping against its surface. It is determined by measuring the indentation size realised on the tested material surface. This can be done by different hardness testing methods, like the Brinell, Vickers and Knoop (BVK) scales. Hardness is not a physical quantity; it is a method-based quantity and thus the definition of the method and the measurands subject to consideration in hardness are very critical. The uniform use and recognition of such methods require the establishment of accurate, reliable and consistent reference standards at the NMI level and a link to end-user measurements for the lowest level tests in workshops, guaranteeing a continuous traceability chain. However, hardness measurement results are frequently inconsistent with the nominal values of the blocks, highlighting the lack of detailed, standardised measurement methodology and instrumentation, although all instruments used are compliant with relevant ISO hardness standards from a length measurement point of view. This can be attributed to a lack of a commonly accepted definition of the measurand (indentation) and uniformity in the methodology used, as well as a lack of traceability between NMIs and from the NMI level to the end user. The project 22RPT01 TracInd BVK-H addresses these challenges by establishing a unified, traceable, and scientifically robust framework for BVK hardness testing. The proposed solution to the problem of inconsistent hardness measurements consists of defining universally agreed-upon definitions for indentation boundaries and measurement conditions, therefore providing a consistent starting point for the propagation down the traceability chain. Building on this, new long-term stable and high-quality reference indentations to be used as transfer standards are being developed. The proposed set of reference indentations will ensure the traceability of real indentation measurements in three dimensions rather than two dimensions as is currently possible, eliminating errors caused by the varying imaging systems and magnifications in use. This is accompanied by the development of advanced uncertainty models for BVK hardness tests, a methodology to ensure traceable measurements from primary standards to the end-user, and automation of hardness measurements in order to address challenges associated with operator subjectivity and significantly enhance reproducibility. The consortium, consisting of leading NMIs, universities and manufacturers, will disseminate the project’s findings to international metrology and standardization organizations, including the CIPM and ISO. Recommendations for next-generation hardness instruments will guide manufacturers, resulting in instruments producing more consistent results and therefore significant advance hardness metrology at all traceability levels. By addressing longstanding inconsistencies in hardness testing, this project is enhancing the scientific rigor of hardness metrology and enabling more reliable uniform testing on a global scale.

Sustainable development is a crucial concept that emphasizes the need for growth that meets present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own, integrating societal, economic, and political dimensions. The importance of this approach is underscored by the need for environmental valuation and assessment, particularly in sectors like air traffic, where infrastructure development can significantly impact sustainability. Existing literature in transport economics, especially concerning optimal airport infrastructure development, is limited, highlighting the necessity for comprehensive research in this area. This doctoral dissertation aims to fill this gap by exploring sustainable practices and innovative models that can guide the development of air traffic infrastructure within the framework of sustainable development principles.