Summary This paper presents the influence of equal channel angular extrusion on the microstructure and properties of composites based on the A356.0 aluminium alloy with the addition of 6 wt.% fly ash as reinforcement. The composite was produced using the compo casting method. The microstructure of the composite was analysed using an optical microscope, computer tomography, and scanning electron microscopy. Rosettes and spheroidal particles were observed in the microstructure of the cast sample, and there was a good distribution of fly ash within the matrix. Equal channel angular extrusion was performed in three passes at the same parameters. After each pass, the microstructure was refined, and fly ash was even better mixed into the matrix. Thus, the strength and hardness of the composite increased after each pass. A fully homogeneous material was achieved after the second pass.

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Background: I am approaching this text from one of my articles that was recently published in this same journal, which was “processed” by one of the expert systems. This Artifficial Inteligence (AI) processed article by the system can be an argument that AI can be misused. By comparing the original and the AI copy, the readers can conclude that among those who are challenged by AI, the scientific content can be “converted” from the original into a plagiarized one, thus creating the possibility of endless plagiarism and theft of scientific content that was published in the past in various types of publications, and especially those in world-class journals in the world\'s scientific databases. Objective: The aim of this article was to explain current consequences regarding use AI in science editing of scientific literature. Methods: Author use published articles in most influential indexed databases with topics abot AI which were tolked about influence of AI in preparation articles for publishing in the books, monographs, master and doctor thesis and scientific journals.Results and Discussion: The future of artificial intelligence in education is bright, with the potential to transform the way higher education institutions teach and learn. AI can improve the accuracy and speed of tasks, reducing the risk of human error. Conclusion: The responsible development of AI involves addressing ethical concerns and ensuring accountability and trust. AI systems need to be designed with human oversight and control and it’s essential to address the ethical and practical challenges to ensure that AI benefits all stakeholders in the educational ecosystem, including scientific research and scientific editing..

Akademik Mirko Pejanović u svom višegodišnjem naučnoistraživačkom radu imao je u fokusu nekoliko naučnih polja. On je pratio, izučavao i tumačio politički pluralizam u Bosni i Hercegovini, evropske i euroatlantske integracije u kontekstu Dejtonskog mirovnog sporazuma, državnost BiH u XX i XXI stoljeću, biografije istaknutih ličnosti BiH, nastavno-pedagoški i mentorski rad pojedinih doktoranata na fakultetima širom BiH, a posebno lokalnu i regionalnu samoupravu. Sve naučne oblasti koje su mu bile u fokusu i o kojima je pisao međusobno su povezane i prožimaju jedna drugu, iako na prvi pogled djeluju raznovrsno. Sve ove oblasti čine koherentnu cjelinu unutar političkih i pravnih nauka i, što je veoma važno, fokusirane su na državotvornu dinamiku BiH. Akademik Mirko Pejanović je pristupao ovim temama interdisciplinarno, spajajući politologiju, sociologiju, historiju i pravo, te javnu upravu i regionalizaciju, kako bi dao potpunije i sveobuhvatnije odgovore na ključna pitanja opstanka i razvoja BiH. Posebno mu je značajan naučni i pedagoški rad vezan za lokalnu i regionalnu samoupravu, ostvaren istraživanjima, oblikovanjem i definisanjem ovih veoma važnih oblasti ljudskog života, te doprinoseći razvoju tih oblasti ljudskog djelovanja. Njegov rad je, između ostalog, imao pozitivne posljedice, jer su ideje, istraživanja i pažljiva zaključivanja bili iskazani njegovim brojnim nastupima na konferencijama, okruglim stolovima, predavanjima, kao i napisanim člancima i knjigama, te su imali uticaj i efekte pri donošenju brojnih propisa, ali i u profiliranju politika na državnom i drugim nivoima u BiH.

Economic entities in the global market, within the oil industry, have become aware that they must pay attention to the environment in their business operations. Environmental accounting enables them to track and analyze the necessary information concerning their effects on the environment. For many economic entities, monitoring the harmful impacts on the environment and environmental protection is not only a challenge to meet the requirements of regulatory bodies and supply chains, due to the reputation of business image and consumer pressure, but also due to the necessity of a business strategy that promotes corporate sustainable development. The subject of this research is the analysis of the state of environmental accounting in the oil sector, while respecting the framework of sustainable development faced by economic entities in this sector. The aim of the paper is to investigate how much attention is devoted to environmental accounting and sustainable development in the oil industry in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and to apply the regulations that govern environmental accounting, as well as to systematize the components of environmental accounting, objectives, and dimensions of sustainable development. It has been established that the implementation of environmental accounting is weak, but that in making business decisions, economic entities in the oil sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina rely on the effects of the economic and environmental dimensions of sustainable development.

Background: Water is essential in air conditioning processes, where it is used for cooling or heating. Its longer retention in the tanks and pipes of air conditioning devices can lead to physical and chemical changes that favor the appearance and reproduction of Legionella spp. This pathogen causes diseases that arise from inhalation of contaminated aerosol. The research was conducted in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bosnia and Herzegovina during 2023-2024. and included 30 public facilities where 54 water samples were collected from air conditioning devices. Objective: The main goal of the research was to determine the presence of Legionella spp. in water from air conditioning devices, and to examine correlation of physical and chemical parameters (temperature, residual chlorine, ph value, iron, zinc and copper) with the pathogen presence. An additional goal of the research was to examine the relationship between the physical and chemical parameters of water. Methods: The research was conducted at the territory of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in the period 2023-2024. The samples were analysed in an authorized laboratory in Sarajevo, using standard microbiological and chemical methods. The water of the air conditioning units was analysed for presence of L. spp., the detection of the bacteria and the determination of the relationship between the examined physical and chemical factors and the settlement of pathogens in the air conditioning units. Results: Legionella spp. was isolated in 7 (13%) of 54 analysed samples. A correlation between higher temperature, lower residual chlorine, and higher concentrations of iron and copper with the bacteria appearance was established. Among the analysed parameters, several significant mutually positive correlations were recorded. Out of a total of 54 analysed samples from air conditioning devices, L. spp. was isolated in seven. The results showed that there is a relation between higher temperature and lower concentration of residual chlorine, as well as higher concentrations of Fe and Cu, with the occurrence of L. spp. in air conditioning devices. No statistically significant association between the presence of bacteria and Zn concentration or water pH was confirmed. By analysing the mutual relations between the tested physical and chemical parameters, the relation of Fe with Zn and Cu, and Zn with Cu and Ph value was determined. The limitation of this study refers to the fact that during the testing the so-called dead pipes in the system was not detected nor present, nor was there a test for the presence of biofilm inside the installation. Conclusion: The results indicate the importance of regular monitoring of water parameters in air conditioning devices in order to reduce the risk of Legionella spp. colonization and to improve preventive measures in public health and air conditioning engineering.

This paper explores the impact of performance expectancy (PE) and effort expectancy (EE) on the behavioral intention (BI) of managers to implement environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Us ing the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the study analyzes how these factors influence decision-makers’ engagement in sustainable business activities. A survey of 247 managers was conducted to assess their BI, PE, and EE for each ESG component. The collected data were ana lyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to construct a second-order latent model that measures the combined effects of these factors. The study fills a gap in the literature by examin ing sector-specific differences in the factors influencing ESG implementation. The results reveal that both PE and EE significantly affect an organization’s intention to adopt ESG practices, with varying impacts between the manufacturing and service industries. The findings highlight the different challenges and complexities each industry faces in implementing ESG practices. While focusing on PE and EE, it is acknowledged that other factors such as organizational culture, stakeholder pressure, and industry-specific dynamics also play roles in ESG adoption. The main contribution of this work is the use of a second-order latent construct within the TAM model for ESG practices, offering a unique perspective on understanding behavioral intention.

Introduction Renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) are neoplasms that can rarely rupture, causing hemorrhagic shock as the most serious complication. This pathological condition, (referring to AML) is classified as a benign tumor arising from the proliferation of epithelioid cells, consisting of fat tissue, blood vessels, and smooth muscle. Wunderlich syndrome describes a spontaneous, nontraumatic bleeding into the subcapsular or perirenal space. Most individuals with renal AML exhibit no symptoms and are often diagnosed incidentally, however, some may experience life-threatening complications such as rupture, hemorrhage, and circumstantial hypovolemic shock. Case outline Description of the clinical presentation of AML with rupture in a female patient with a brief overview of other cases of AML in the literature. Female patient, 68 years old, admitted for examination due to sudden severe pain in the abdomen with propagation to the right lumbar region accompanied by nausea and fatigue. After a complete physical examination, an abdominal ultrasound, and a CT scan, surgery was performed during which the right kidney was removed alongside the hematoma and the kidney envelopes, which were sent for pathohistological analysis. The result of the histopathological analysis confirmed that it was AML. Conclusion AMLs are benign neoplasms with potentially serious complications. The most serious complication of AML is rupture, leading to retroperitoneal hemorrhage, with tumor size being a significant risk factor. Considering the clinical importance of this potential complication, it is important to establish a swift and accurate radiological diagnosis, with the aim of timely therapeutic intervention and reduction of potential additional complications.

Timely and accurate defect detection is essential in the leather industry, as the quality of raw leather directly impacts both the usability and value of finished products. This paper provides a systematic overview of state-of-the-art solutions and proposes a novel approach for automated detection of leather surface defects using deep neural networks based on the Inception-V3 architecture. Five defect categories are introduced, focusing on their impact on leather quality. In addition, two deep neural network architectures were analyzed and implemented for defect detection and classification: a single-channel model and a multi-channel model with arbitration. The evaluation was carried out using a combination of a custom-developed dataset and publicly available datasets, assessed with standard performance metrics. Moreover, an image annotation tool was developed to facilitate precise defect labeling and the creation of variable-size datasets. Both models demonstrated promising results on the custom dataset, achieving accuracy rates exceeding 93%. The suggested methodology enhances the research domain of leather inspection automation by creating an openly accessible image dataset, performing a comparative analysis of detection models and creating software tools for data preparation. These contributions lay the foundation for further research in leather defect detection and potential industrial implementation.

Je li umjetna inteligencija, koja je danas pobudila sveopći znanstveni i javni interes, prilika koja se može pokazati korisnom za demokraciju ili je ona prijetnja koja donosi korjenite promjene i oko koje se trebamo duboko zabrinuti? S jedne strane, umjetna inteligencija može biti prilika za poboljšanje demokratskoga procesa u smislu jednostavnijega uključivanja u demokratsku raspravu i samim time u poboljšanju procesa kreiranja politika. S druge strane, rizici za demokraciju koje može generirati umjetna inteligencija mogu biti lažne informacije koje mogu izazvati različite društvene sukoba te kreirati mišljenja koja ne predstavljaju mišljenje javnosti. U oba slučaja, i kao prilika i kao prijetnja, umjetna inteligencija promijenit će mnoge aspekte demokracije, uglavnom na načine koje još ne možemo pojmiti. Ključne riječi: umjetna inteligencija; demokracija, izborni proces.

Heavy metals ubiquitously found in soil and water, as a serious environmental problem, are disrupting plant mineral nutrition homeostasis, osmotic balance, and metabolism. Application of some biostimulants can alleviate the disruption. Melatonin as a signal molecule, and antioxidant plays an important role in plant growth and stress tolerance due to its ability to directly neutralize reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The reduction or mitigation of heavy metals adverse effects in valerian plants grown in open field conditions using melatonin was investigated in this paper. HPLC-FLD technique was used to identify and quantify melatonin concentration in valerian root extracts. Also, physiological, and biochemical plant status under abiotic stress was examined, especially in 100 ?M melatonin pre-treated plants. Higher concentrations of endogenous melatonin were measured in roots of Cd and Zn treated plants. Melatonin application alleviated the negative effect of Cd, particularly evident in Cd-Melatonin treatment which restored or enhanced bioactive compound levels. Melatonin effectively mitigates Cd and Zn-induced stress in valerian by enhancing both non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant systems and promoting the synthesis of protective compounds. These findings highlight melatonin potential as a sustainable biostimulant to support plant resilience and productivity in heavy metal-stressed environments.