Acute myocardial infarction with ST elevation (STEMI) is a disease of the elderly, rarely of people younger than 40 years, predominantly men with comorbidities. The incidence of STEMI infarction in the general population in women younger than 40 years is very low. This paper presents the case of a young woman who was admitted with a diagnosis of STEMI infarction, which was understood as SCAD after coronary angiography. Repeated invasive diagnostics with intracoronary imaging determined that it was a classic infarction with plaque rupture/erosion and a large intraluminal thrombotic mass that partially embolized with occlusion of the apical part of the anterior descending artery (LAD). She was treated during hospitalization with dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) using a potent P2Y12 inhibitor and low molecular weight heparin, high dose of statins. Control coronary angiography revealed insignificant narrowing of the distal part of the main trunk of the left coronary artery (LM) and the proximal segment of the LAD with almost complete resolution of the thrombus. DAPT treatment was continued without stent implantation.

Background. Patent foramen ovales are very common in the population. Thrombus entrapped in a patent foramen ovale is very rare and can cause paradoxical embolism with a high mortality rate. We present the case of a patient diagnosed with a massive pulmonary embolism and a huge thrombus stuck over the interatrial septum. Case presentation. An 83-year-old female patient was admitted to our Coronary care unit with the diagnosis of massive pulmonary embolism confirmed by contrast-enhanced chest CT scan. At admission, the patient complained of chest pain and shortness of breath for the last 24 hours. Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) showed the presence of a thrombus entrapped in a patent foramen ovale and floating in both atria. Transesophageal echocardiography was done as well to confirm the diagnosis. Deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed by duplex ultrasonography. After discussing the risks and benefits of surgical versus medical treatment, the patient was treated with unfractionated heparin during hospitalization and rivaroxaban on discharge. Seven days later, follow-up TTE showed no clot in the heart. Conclusion. Although rare, the thrombus stuck in patent foramen ovale presents a clinical emergency so early diagnosis and treatment is mandatory.

Red mud, a by-product of alumina production from bauxite, and tionite, a residue from titanium dioxide manufacturing from ilmenite, represent two large-scale industrial wastes with significant environmental impact and underutilized resource potential. Both residues contain high concentrations of iron and titanium-bearing phases, yet their stability and complex mineralogy hinder direct valorization. In this work, a carbothermal reduction strategy was applied to simultaneously address the removal of iron and the structural modification of titanium phase. Calcium oxide was introduced as a fluxing agent, not only to enhance reduction kinetics but also to promote the formation of calcium titanate, thereby destabilizing the rutile-rich tionite structure. The primary objective was the selective reduction and separation of iron, while preparing a CaO-modified titanium-bearing slag suitable for subsequent leaching. This approach highlights a dual benefit: mitigating the environmental burden of industrial residues and providing a pathway toward resource recovery of iron and titanium.

Objective. An important domain of a comprehensive geriatric assessment, in addition to the usual domains, is the assessment of nutritional status. The aim of this paper is to present the development of a new instrument/tool for the assessment of nutritional risk in the elderly. Methods. An international team of experts constructed and validated a new instrument/tool for nutritional risk assessment in older adults in Bosnia and Herzegovina (Nutrition risk assessment in older adults in primary care - NRA). Results. The nutritional risk screening and assessment tool is comprehensive, has acceptable validity and internal consistency, and contains a total of 14 questions. The scoring of each question as well as the final score of the tool is designed in detail, and the maximum number of points is 21. The tool has three categories, and a lower score indicates a nutritional risk. An eight-step approach was used to determine the most appropriate items for nutritional risk screening and malnutrition assessment: correspondence analysis, summary item generation, content validity, internal consistency, construct validity, criterion validity, face validity, and reliability. A kappa coefficient of 0.918 (p<0.001) indicates excellent intra-rater reliability. The Alpha coefficient (0.721) was significant. The time required to complete the assessment ranged from 15 to 22 minutes. Conclusion. Application of this new tool is desirable and feasible in other countries with linguistic validation, and the new NRA tool is available in Serbian and English.

Since rainwater extracts toxic metals from landfills, creating harmful leachate, developing methods to remove these metals is necessary. This work presents a method of toxic metal ions removal from a loam-type soil consisting of washing the soil with a mild washing agent to extract toxic metals in a leachate, and a purification of the leachate by filtering it through a synthesized graphene oxide (GO) membrane. As washing agents, the pure water and a mild solution of HCl (0.01 M) were tested. The GO membrane was synthesized using natural Madagascar graphite. The solution of HCl showed a significantly higher washing efficiency of Zn(II), Cd(II), and Pb(II) cations than pure water due to its acidic nature. An intrinsic GO membrane with an interlayer distance of 0.68- 0.74 nm (before and after filtration) and a thickness of ~0.70 ?m yielded rejections of 99.80%, 96.15%, and 44.00% for Pb(II), Cd(II) and Zn(II) ions, respectively. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that ions are retained in the GO interfaces due to the narrow interlayer distance, leading to membrane fouling. Nevertheless, the high rejections of Pb(II) and Cd(II) support the possibility of purifying landfill soil leachate by the GO membrane

This paper presents new records and noteworthy data on the following taxa in SE Europe and adjacent regions: green alga Cosmarium crenulatum, fungi Calvatia fragilis, Hypoxylon fuscum, Myriostoma coliforme and Zeus olympius, mosses Antitrichia curtipendula, Buxbaumia viridis, Homalothecium meridionale, Physcomitrium arenicola, Sphagnum inundatum and Syntrichia calcicola, monocots Anacamptis ? nicodemi nothosubsp. nicodemi, Ornithogalum montanum and Parapholis incurva and dicots Cardamine waldsteinii and Suaeda salsa.

This paper presents a data mining approach for Audit opinion pre¬diction in Government-owned enterprises within the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina using the Decision tree algorithm. A database was constructed from financial statements covering 2004-2019, incorporating indicators from balance sheets, income statements, and cash flow statements, alongside cor¬responding Audit opinions from the state audit body. The study evaluates three Decision tree algorithms (J48, RandomTree, REPTree) on data from 2020-2023, with REPTree achieving 73% classification accuracy through seven predictive rules. The findings demonstrate the potential of data mining techniques for pattern recognition in audit reports, contributing to transparency in financial reporting and supporting regulatory authorities in detecting irregularities within Government-owned enterprises.

The rapid evolution of Industry 4.0 is fundamentally reshaping the global automotive sector, positioning digitalization, automation, and robotics as core drivers of innovation and competitiveness. This paper examines the implementation and impact of Industry 4.0 technologies in three leading vehicle-producing countries with distinct industrial trajectories - China, India, and the United States. Through a comparative approach, the study explores the relationship between annual vehicle production, the intensity of industrial robot adoption, and the integration of smart manufacturing solutions. Special attention is given to robotics-both industrial and collaborative-as a key enabler of efficiency, flexibility, and innovation in production systems. The analysis also highlights the fundamental components of Industry 4.0, including cyber-physical systems, the Internet of Things (IoT), digital factories, artificial intelligence (AI), and digital twins, which collectively enable the synergy between humans, machines, and data. The paper presents recent trends in robotization and digital integration within automotive manufacturing, accompanied by an overview of national policies and investment priorities. Findings reveal that China leads in absolute vehicle output and robot installations, the United States focuses on highly automated and digitally connected production systems, while India is rapidly developing its capacities through selective and adaptive implementation of Industry 4.0 technologies. The study concludes that differing approaches to digital transformation are shaping unique models of competitiveness, technological sovereignty, and sustainable development in the automotive industry.