Introduction One of the important causes of male infertility is aberration at the chromosomes. Aim The main purpose of this study was to determine the frequency and types of chromosomal aberration in infertile/sterile men whose samples were analyzed in the Center for Cytogenetics of Faculty of Medicine University of Sarajevo in the last four years. Methods A total of 353 infertile/sterile men, between the ages of 22-55 years, referred for cytogenetic analysis to the Center for Genetics of Faculty of Medicine during the period 2013-2016. Karyotyping was performed on peripheral blood lymphocytes by using the Giemsa trypsin banding (GTG) technique. Results The structural and numerical chromosomal aberration in infertility/ sterility of men found with the incidence of 6% (20/353). Out of the 20 patients with abnormal cytogenetic diagnosis, structural chromosome abnormalities were observed in 17 (85%) patients and 3 (15%) with numerical aberrations. The type of aberrations mostly found were Robertsonian and reciprocal translocations (35%, 35%, respectively). Conclusions The incidence of chromosomal abnormalities in infertile/sterile males suggests that the cytogenetics analysis is an important in male infertility, especially if it will be used for the purpose of assisted reproduction techniques.

UDK: 630*54:582.475(497.6) In expert activities of forest managements, the forest stand volume is most frequently determined by way of volume tables, the so-called management tariffs. For an evaluation of stand volume using this method, the method of volume tables, it is necessary to know the site class (rating) of the stand for present tree species that is used as an argument for the selection of suitable volume progression (management tariff). The site quality for certain species in mixed stands is determined by comparing the height of trees at certain diameters at breast height (dbh) with the height of appropriate dispositions of height site class curves. In so doing the focus is placed on the ratio between the heights of large diameter trees, and the quality of the stand is rated within an interval of more defined site quality classes. For the purposes of a more objective and simpler  assessment of site quality, there have recently been attempts to make site quality assessments mathematically, using appropriate formulas in which tree heights or average heights by diameter classes and heights determined by mathematical functions of site class curves are used. For economically important tree species in Bosnia and Herzegovina (fir, spruce, beech, sessile oak, black pine and scots pine), the dispositions of height site class curves (and classes) are constructed graphically and mathematical functions for them are not known. A large number of mathematical models that are often used to represent growth trends and that satisfy the needs of height curves is analyzed in this paper with a view to determining the most suitable regression model for simulating height site class curves for fir in high forests in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The expanded Prodan model (with an additional item in the denominator) has been selected as the most suitable one on the basis of statistical indicators of the regression model quality.                                                                                                                          

Bosanski, crnogorski, hrvatski i srpski standardni jezik za osnovicu imaju štokavsko narječje i stoga imaju dosta sličnosti. Međutim, kako se prostiru na različitim teritorijama, a i historija razvoja im je različita, to se u njima mogu pronaći i znatne razlike. U svim tim sličnostima i razlikama, postoje određena pravopisna, gramatička, tvorbena pravila, kao i leksika po kojima se može prepoznati o kojem je standardnom jeziku riječ. Ovaj tekst namijenjen je bibliotekarima kao pomoć pri određi-vanju kojem standardu određeni tekst pripada i sadrži najvažnija pravila i leksiku po kojima se to može utvrditi. = The Bosnian, Montenegrin, Croatian and Serbian standard language as their base have Štokavian dialect and therefore have a lot of similarities. However, as they spread in different territories, and the history of their development is differ-ent, one can also find significant differences. In all these similarities and differences, there are certain spelling, gram-matical, constructive rules, as well as lexicon, that can be used to identify one of these four standard language. The intention of this text is to help librarians with identification of standard language of some text and contains the most important rules and lexicon that can be used in that purpose.

UDK: 633.88:547.56 This study aimed to analyse and compare the total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of aqueous extracts of three medicinal plants: hibiscus (Hibiscus spp.), rosemary (Rosmarinus spp.) and savory (Satureja spp.). The plant extracts were prepared using maceration process. The total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically with the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using gallic acid as a standard and the antioxidant activity was analysed using the Briggs-Rauscher reaction method. The inhibition times produced by plant extracts on an active Briggs-Rauscher oscillating reaction mixture were recorded potentiometrically. The total phenolic content was found 0.27, 1.29 and 1.43 mgGAE/g of dry extract for hibiscus, rosemary, and savory, respectively. Good correlation was found between the total phenolic content and the Briggs-Rauscher inhibition times (R2 = 0.994).

Objective The aim of the study was to describe the prevalence of hyperlactatemia and emphasis on repeated lactate measurements in critically ill patients, and the associated mortality. Materials and methods The study included 70 patients admitted in the Medical Intensive Care Unit at the Clinical Center, University of Sarajevo, in a 6-month period (July - December 2015). The following data were obtained: age, gender, reason for admission, Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, lactate concentrations upon admission, after 24 and 48 hours, and outcome (discharge from hospital or death). Results Upon admission,hyperlactatemia was present in 91.4% patients with a mean concentration of lactate 4.13 ±1.21 mmol/L. Lactate concentration at 48 hours was independently associated within creased in-hospital mortality (P = 0.018). Conclusion Persistent hyperlactatemia is associated with adverse outcome in critically ill patients. Lactate concentration at 48 hours is independently associated within creased in-hospital mortality and it represents a statistically significant predictive marker of fatal outcomes of patients. Blood lactate concentrations > 2.25 mmol/L should be used by clinicians to identify patients at higher risk of death.

Introduction Excess dilatation of the left atrium >65 mm is known in the literature as gigantic atrium. This dilation is most commonly encountered in the mitral insufficiency of rheumatic etiology, but also in severe prolapses of the mitral valve, permanent atrial fibrillation, and at the left right shunt with cardiac insufficiency. Case report In this paper is presented a case study of echocardiographically verified giant thrombus in left atrium in a 50 years old female patient aged 50 hospitalized because of tiredness, choking, heartburn and urinary tract symptoms. The patient had rheumatic fever at age of 18 years. At age of 35, she was diagnosed with mitral stenosis. In permanent atrial fibrillation with anamnestic data on the previous cerebrovascular stroke (CVI) and the repeated transitional ischemic seizures. Echocardiographic examination confirmed severe mitral stenosis with moderate aortic insufficiency and gigantic left atrium (LA) with gigantic thrombus. Invasive diagnostics were indicated and performed, followed by an acute cardiac surgery including left atrial thrombectomy and implantation of the mechanical aortic and mitral valve. The surgical course was without complications. Conclusion On eleven postoperative day, after mobilization, the patient experiences stroke with motor aphasia. She was clinically recovering from stroke consequences, and remains cardiollogically stable.

Introduction: The burden of stroke has been increasing worldwide, especially in developing countries. Very few data regarding epidemiology of stroke are available in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH). Patients and methods: We undertook a retrospective hospital-based study in all hospitals existing in five cantons and one district of BH. The patients were recruited between January 1st, 2014, and December 31st, 2014, and only first-ever-in-lifetime strokes (FES) were included for evaluation. Results: A FES was diagnosed in 1479 patients (age 71.83 ± 11.703 years) during the study period. FES occurred in 709 men (47.9%; age 69.64 ±12.002 years) and 770 women (52.1%; age 73.85± 11.051 years). Stroke was categorized into ischemic stroke (IS), primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH), subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT), which was diagnosed in 84%, 12,2%, 3,4% and 0,4% cases respectively. Early 28-day case-fatality was 18.5 % for all patients and both sexes combined. Short-term case-fatality was significantly greater in women (P=0.007). Among all patients with FES, 87% had hypertension, 35% diabetes mellitus, 39% hypercholesterolemia and almost 25 % atrial fibrillation. Discussion: This is the first study that provides us with information on epidemiology of stroke in BH. More than 90% of patients had one or more modifiable risk factors and the number would be even higher if we included smoking. The early stroke case-fatality was lower than that observed in other low- to middle-income countries. Conclusion: All modifiable stroke risk factors, especially high blood pressure, should be understood as a major public health problem in BH and efforts should be focused on the primary prevention of stroke. Our emphasis is on the designing of a stroke register in BH for a better health planning.