Introduction The 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines introduced stricter low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets, particularly for patients at high and very high cardiovascular (CV) risk. However, data on the implementation of these targets in real-world clinical practice—especially in countries with high/very high CV risk—remain limited. The DISCOVERY study aimed to assess LDL-C management, lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) use, and guideline adherence across multiple countries in Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Methods This prospective, observational, multicenter study enrolled adult patients with hypercholesterolemia (HCL) from 10 countries grouped into three regions. Data was collected at baseline and after 12 weeks of follow-up. LLT patterns, LDL-C levels, target attainment (both investigator-defined and 2019 ESC/EAS-recommended), and physician adherence to guidelines were analyzed. Results A total of 6,447 patients were included; 53.2% were female, and the mean age was 60.5 ± 11.9 years. Most patients (66%) were in secondary prevention. At baseline, 36.8% had been treated with LLT. After the first visit, treatment was changed in 78% of patients, but only 42.4% received high-intensity statins and 9.3% received statin-ezetimibe combinations at follow-up. LDL-C target achievement was poor: only 5.6% of patients met the guideline-recommended LDL-C goals, compared to 45.5% who met physician-defined targets. Among patients with ASCVD, only 3.3% achieved guideline LDL-C targets. The most significant gap was observed between guideline recommendations and physician-set LDL-C goals. No significant difference in LDL-C target attainment was observed between specialists and general practitioners. Discussion The DISCOVERY study reveals suboptimal LDL-C control and low adherence to the 2019 ESC/EAS guidelines in routine practice across countries with high/very high CV risk. These findings highlight the urgent need for strategies to improve physician awareness, promote intensive LLT use, and close the gap between guidelines and clinical practice. A paradigm shift toward proactive LDL-C management is essential to reduce residual CV risk in these populations.

The Institute for Literary and Cultural Studies of the NIRSA Center of the University of Sarajevo – Faculty of Philosophy, and the Department of Comparative Literature and Information Sciences, University of Sarajevo – Faculty of Philosophy, organized on 19 April 2024 an international scientific conference "Engaged Art", held at the University of Sarajevo – Faculty of Philosophy. Seventeen authors from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Slovenia, Croatia, and Montenegro participated in this scientific conference. We are pleased to publish nine scientific papers that were developed after presentations at this gathering.

The aim of this paper is to try to summarize and problematize, and then to offer some theses that were discussed at the Scientific Meeting entitled Engaged Art. The gathering was held on April 18, 2024, in the premises of the Faculty of Philosophy in Sarajevo. Eighteen speakers participated in this Conference. Approaches to this topic were interdisciplinary (fine art, novel, poetry, theatre, film, drama, etc.), historically different (contemporary, ancient Greece, 19th century, etc.), so the following questions were highlighted, which this text underlines: what is engaged art today anyway?, is art in itself already engaged or is there really a special genre of "engagement"?, is engaged art connected to ideology, and if so, in what way!? These and similar questions are the subject of this work.

The historical facts of the development of the information/communication and media system in Bosnia and Herzegovina represent that each political system has reformed the existing communication channels, organizing them according to its own ideological ambitions. Different types and forms of social control of the media space in Bosnia and Herzegovina in history have most often been motivated by “fear of political subversion“ (McQuail, 2010). The contemporary history of the nineties and the war in Bosnia and Herzegovina resulted in the creation of media spaces that corresponded with the ethnically divided territory and continued the media policies of interpellation, blind following/manipulation of the ideology that Marxist philosopher Althusser defines by imposing ways of thinking or living that correspond to established national concepts. Forms of political parallelism of the media in Bosnia and Herzegovina today are visible through indicators of organizational or financial connections between media structures and different political/interest groups, political orientation of editorial and journalistic staff, and the use of media conditioned by territorial-ethnic criteria. The subject of the analysis is the degree and form of political parallelism of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian media in history. The analysis tried to answer the problematic question related to the issue of objective recognition of the needs and interests of the public in the creation of everyday media agendas, which, among other things, should be in the function of criticism, control and integration, and which are today strongly influenced by historical media practice and media heritage. The research starts from the hypothesis that every state-legal organization in the history of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in order to establish and consolidate a certain system, also established specific communication/media structures, which enabled media promotion and consolidation of the already existing socially established practice of an ethnically divided society. The aim of the research is to point out the importance of establishing and developing stable and independent media organizations in Bosnia and Herzegovina that will enable the nation to imagine itself as coherent, significant and homogeneous community and to point out that basic media functions can be valuable resources for overcoming ethnic, political, nationalist and hegemonic policies in contemporary social constellations.

Background and purpose: Due to their unique application and action, inhalation products require specific quality tests, such as Uniformity of Delivered Dose and Aerodynamic Assessment of Fine Particles. While there's no current official requirement for dissolution tests, new draft guidelines are introducing them as a supportive or required measure; however, a universally accepted methodology for such testing remains elusive. The aim of the present study was to explore the discriminatory ability and in vivo predictability of the newly developed dissolution assembly. Experimental approach: The applied experimental approach to biopharmaceutical characterization of inhalation products involved developing a biorelevant method for testing the dissolution rate of the selected active substances. Seven commercially available products, formulated as pressurized metered dose inhalers, containing either salmeterol xinafoate or beclomethasone dipropionate, have been studied. The research strategy combined in vitro testing within silico simulations. Key results: The developed dissolution method did not detect significant differences in the case of products containing highly soluble salmeterol, but it did reveal differences for products containing poorly soluble beclomethasone dipropionate. Moreover, a correlation was identified between the dissolution test results and absorption constants for beclomethasone dipropionate. Conclusion: The obtained results indicated that the investigated products would not be considered bioequivalent based on the aerodynamic particle size distribution. It was demonstrated that a discriminative dissolution method can be developed through a well-established paradigm of dissolution testing, while taking into account the specificities of the inhalation route of administration.

The digital era generates extremely complex transformative processes in educational institutions, particularly universities worldwide. We are witnessing a transformation of the entire concept of knowledge and the understanding of its purpose and role. The implementation of digital resources and platforms opens up a whole network of possibilities for greater access to knowledge/information and global connectivity among academic communities. Tools such as online libraries, digital databases, digital archives, and various platforms for virtual collaboration are now available to students and educators. However, with this progress come significant challenges and open questions, especially for the social sciences and humanities. These disciplines face a dilemma: will the digital transformation advance or marginalize them? Digital platforms offer advantages in terms of accessibility and innovation, but they also bring dangers. It is inevitable that digital platforms enable faster access to information and innovative teaching approaches, but they also carry numerous risks for the future of education as a whole. There is an increasing trend of pronounced marginalization of the social sciences and humanities, partly as a consequence of the strong focus on STEM disciplines, which are often at the center of attention due to their technological nature and the profit they generate. Moreover, the hegemony of capital-interest trends, which favor technical and market-oriented approaches to education, threatens the traditional mission of universities as spaces for the development and generation of healthy trends in contextual critical thinking. Profit-oriented concepts of education, supported by neoliberal ideology, focus on technological and market-valuable disciplines, while the social sciences and humanities risk being pushed aside. There is a clear trend of favoring various forms/models of hybrid teaching, which combine online and in-person lectures. The loss of physical interaction can negatively affect the development of critical thinking and dynamic discussion in the social sciences and humanities. At universities that have historically been bastions of critical thinking, neoliberal pressures, and direct attacks on critical/liberatory thought are supported by rapidly growing concepts of exclusively profit-oriented paradigms of rationality. Additionally, the digitalization of education and the digital transformation raise the question of the future of the concept of the "knowledge society," which is increasingly being profaned. In this context, the "knowledge society" becomes a concept losing its authenticity, as knowledge is increasingly used as a means for market prosperity, rather than as a tool for the development of broader societal progress. Controlled neoliberal societies, driven by the hegemony of capital-interest trends, increasingly influence the direction of university development, leading to attacks on critical thought.

This paper examines the status and potential of gender studies programs at the University of Sarajevo. It presents the history of gender/women's/feminist studies in Bosnia and Herzegovina, with a primary focus on the postgraduate and doctoral gender studies programs. The postgraduate program in "Gender Studies" was offered from 2006 to 2012, while in 2013, a doctoral program in "Gender Studies" was launched, admitting only the first generation of students. Through an analysis of relevant documents, including curricula, announcements, reports, and other supporting materials, the key aspects of the program are discussed—from the content of the courses to institutional and economic barriers. The study identifies circumstances that have negatively impacted the further development and institutionalization of the program, as well as links to a decline in student interest, limited financial resources, program expenditures, and the commercialization of the program at the University of Sarajevo. Although the "Gender Studies" program formally exists and represents the only such educational program at the University of Sarajevo and in Bosnia and Herzegovina, no calls for new admissions have been made for over a decade. This analysis invites a discussion on the potential for reactivating the program, with the aim of advancing gender studies in the academic context of the country.

Background: Between 10% and 80% of surgical patients experience some form of fear and anxiety before surgery. This is often attributed to inadequate or incorrect preoperative information. Objectives: This study aimed to critically evaluate and compile research that describes the impact of preoperative information on the patient's well-being before surgery. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Medline, CHINAL, Embase, and the Cochrane Library database for qualitative and quantitative literature regarding factors influencing patients' well-being before surgery. An inductive thematic analysis generated categories and subcategories. Nineteen studies were included. Results: Two main categories emerged from the thematic analysis of the included articles. These were the direct impact of information on fear and anxiety and the indirect impact of information on fear and anxiety. Information from healthcare professionals, alternative sources of information, shortage of healthcare professionals, music, and inability to receive information were some of the factors that can influence the well-being of patients before surgery. There are different reasons for the patient's fear and anxiety preoperatively, as well as the importance of direct and indirect information and other methods. For some patients, however, too much information could cause more fear and anxiety. Conclusion: The importance of the patient's discomfort being highlighted by the healthcare professionals emerges clearly and shows negative experiences in those cases where the patient feels his fears and concerns are not being addressed. More qualitative and quantitative research in the same theme, education and using person-centred care, and the right amount of information based on the patient's wishes are needed to improve the patient's well-being.

axiomFP.py is an open-source software developed to diagnose ploidy level and call quality for samples genotyped on Affymetrix Axiom SNP arrays by making frequency plots of normalized SNP call positions among SNPs meeting specific clustering parameters. This research outlines the methods employed in the development of the software, and presents the results obtained through its application on a dataset of mixed ploidy apple (Malus spp.) cultivars and germplasm accessions. The tools required to prepare the input files and operate the software are also described. The frequency plots generated by the software require a visual inspection to assess ploidy and call quality. The results have been validated using the available ploidy data, as well as flow cytometry, and have shown complete accuracy. The software is available on GitHub at https://github.com/allmiraria/axiomFP.

Tumor evolution is driven by various mutational processes, ranging from single-nucleotide vari- ants (SNVs) to large structural variants (SVs) to dynamic shifts in DNA methylation. Current short-read sequencing methods struggle to accurately capture the full spectrum of these genomic and epigenomic alter- ations due to inherent technical limitations. To overcome that, here we introduce an approach for long-read sequencing of single-cell derived subclones, and use it to profile 23 subclones of a mouse melanoma cell line, characterized with distinct growth phenotypes and treatment responses. We develop a computational frame- work for harmonization and joint analysis of different variant types in the evolutionary context. Uniquely, our framework enables detection of recurrent amplifications of putative driver genes, generated by indepen- dent SVs across different lineages, suggesting parallel evolution. In addition, our approach revealed gradual and lineage-specific methylation changes associated with aggressive clonal phenotypes. We also show our set of phylogeny-constrained variant calls along with openly released sequencing data can be a valuable resource for the development of new computational methods.

This paper presents a PMU-data-based methodology for estimating regional inertia constants in power systems during the initial transient period following a disturbance. The power system is partitioned into dynamically coherent regions based on frequency signals from all monitored buses. Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is applied to each nodal frequency signal to extract Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs), and the dominant IMF is identified through an energy ratio criterion. Pairwise correlation analysis of these dominant IMFs is then used to group buses with similar dynamic behavior, forming coherent regions. Within each region, the active power imbalance is computed from Phasor Measurement Units (PMU)-measured tie-line power deviations, while the rate of change of frequency (RoCoF) is estimated from residual trends of EMD-processed frequency signals. These residuals are shown to accurately follow the center of inertia (CoI) frequency trajectory, allowing precise CoI RoCoF estimation. To improve robustness against noise and oscillatory distortions, an adaptive Least Mean Squares (LMS) filter is applied. The regional inertia constants are subsequently estimated using an adapted swing equation during the initial transient period. The method is validated on the IEEE 39-bus test system, yielding estimation errors below 3% relative to reference values, demonstrating its effectiveness for inertia monitoring in low-inertia systems.

The integration of deep learning into symbolic music generation presents new opportunities for emulating artist-specific musical styles. In this paper, we propose a multi-branch Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network designed to generate monophonic melodies conditioned on note pitch, duration, and playback, with a focus on stylistic imitation of The Beatles. Unlike existing approaches that model music solely as sequences of pitches, our model processes three distinct streams of musical attributes and learns joint temporal dependencies through a custom architecture. We introduce a structured data representation derived from 193 MIDI files of Beatles songs using the music21 toolkit, extracting pitch and duration features and quantizing them into a format suitable for sequential prediction. Experimental results demonstrate that the model captures artist-specific musical patterns with moderate accuracy across output branches, and a listening test involving 71 participants validates the perceptual plausibility of the generated compositions. Our findings suggest that feature-aware sequence modeling is effective for stylistically informed symbolic music generation, and we discuss limitations and future extensions toward polyphonic modeling and conditional generation.