Galvanic coatings are applied so that the surface of the base material obtains appropriate properties, corrosion resistance, durability, aesthetic appearance, and long-term application in the appropriate industry. In this paper, the aim was to protect steel fuel filters with alkaline and acid zinc coatings of different thicknesses. The coating of zinc, which is applied from the alkaline electrolyte, provides good corrosion protection with excellent coating flexibility. The thickness of the coating by the X-ray fluorescence method was tested, followed by coating tests, corrosion resistance, and electrochemical tests. The results of adhesion showed a high quality coating, as no corrosion occurred during the test. The corrosion resistance tested by the salt chamber method speaks of the appearance of white and red corrosion. On alkaline electrolyte coatings, white corrosion occurred after 168 hours of exposure to the salt test, while on white zinc samples there was a white corrosion after 240 hours of exposure. Tafel polarization diagrams have been determined: corrosion potentials, current intensities, anode and cathode Tafel coefficients and calculated corrosion rates. The active and passive corrosion zone is determined by the cyclic voltammetry.

excellent resistance to hard water, and is suitable with various kinds of surfactants. Mixing anionic and cationic surfactants is not recommended. The aim of this paper is to show the influence of individual surfactants and their mixtures on the final properties of liquid soaps as well as the antimicrobial activity of surfactants and the advantages of biosurfactants. The highest antimicrobial activity is reported for surfactants containing 10-14 carbon atoms in their chain. The toxicity of cationic surfactants is the highest, then follow anionic and the last one is nonionic. Biosurfactants show the same functionality as the chemical synthetized surfactants, but biosurfactants are more environmentally friendly, with lower toxicity and biodegradable ability.

In this paper, within the framework of morphostructural features, relationship between relief and geological structure in the river basin of Solina (north-eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina) is analyzed. Main goal of this study is to investigate causal relationship between complex geological characteristics of the terrain and genesis, morphological evolution and differentiation of three relief units in the river basin of Solina. Relief of river basin of Solina is predominantly non-conformal, tectonically predisposed; its structure is dominated by Cretaceous - Paleogene clastites. In this paper are applied modern geomorphological-geological methods, field work, analysis of topographic and geological maps, as well as satellite images of the studied area. Presentation of data has been realized in the Geographic Information System, and the geospatial data were geo-visualized on two thematic maps.

In the study, the development of physiotherapy was described through the history and education in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) with a special review on the significance of physiotherapy as a health-care discipline and the display of its development to the academic level of education in BiH.

Introduction: Osgood-Schlatter’s syndrome (Osgood-Schlatter disease [OSD]) is caused by an accumulation of repeated microtraumas and is classified as a type of chronic injury called “overload syndrome“. It is considered that the root causes of OSD are accelerated growth as well as excessive sports and recreational activity. Currently, more than 50% of children of school age are involved in sports activities. In this study, 40 external risk factors were analyzed. Considering that frequent medical examinations, expensive rehabilitation, time-consuming sports activities, and school obligations result in major socio-economic and financial consequences, a need to work on a preventive program was recognized. The aim of this study was to determine external risk factors and to develop an algorithm for the prevention of injuries caused by overload syndrome through a detailed analysis of Osgood-Schlatter’s syndrome concerning aerobic and anaerobic sports (football, basketball, karate, and taekwondo). Methods: The research has been conducted on 200 patients who were previously diagnosed with Osgood-Schlatter’s syndrome. The participants were divided into two groups, each containing 100 patients, first group – aerobic sports (football and basketball) and the second group – anaerobic sports (karate and taekwondo). Personal information, anthropometric measurements, complete medical, and sports history were taken from the patients. A clinical examination was conducted by the researcher himself. This clinical study was prospective, comparative, analytical, and descriptive. The research was conducted in the Public Center for Sports Medicine of Canton Sarajevo. Software used for statistical data analysis was SPSS for Windows (version 20.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) and Microsoft Excel (version 13 of Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA). Results: Patients experienced the first symptoms of OSD at 4 years (football) and 6 years (taekwondo). About 60% of patients who trained in anaerobic sports and 38% of patients who trained in aerobic sports trained other sports more often as well. The research showed that a higher percentage of patients who trained anaerobic sports trained multiple sports at the same time (karate 88%, and taekwondo 82%) compared to patients who trained aerobic sports (football 68%, and basketball 76%). Patients who trained in anaerobic sports were also more likely to engage in recreational activities (58.3%) compared to patients who trained in aerobic sports (41.7%). On average, the number of hours per week which patients spent actively training (primary sport, additional sports activity, and recreational sport) was 17.2 h for basketball players, 16.8 h for taekwondo trainees, 16.7 h for caratists, and 15.7 h in case of football players. About 32% of football players, 24% of basketball players, 12% of karate trainees, and 18% of taekwondo trainees did not engage in additional sports or recreational activities. Only 36% of patients who trained in aerobic sports and 37% of patients who trained anaerobic sports respected the planned rest days, and in both groups, some subjects trained for 12 months. Conclusion: The research showed that patients who trained in anaerobic sports more frequently trained more than one sport at the same time and spent more hours doing recreational activities compared to patients who trained in aerobic sports. By analyzing weekly physical activity, it was concluded that the rest is limited. Future research aims to identify risk factors so that children, parents, and trainers can be educated to work on prevention through teamwork.

Abstract:The authors provide guidelines, based on an extensive review of the international literature, for conducting, interpreting, and reporting primary and secondary research on children who are deaf and hard of hearing in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The purpose of the review is to present arguments in support of conceptualizing education and rehabilitation, to explore the educational implications of such conceptualizations, and to suggest directions for future inquiry. Problematic areas are covered, such as research on the structure of a signed language, the use of information technology, inclusion, vocational and professional orientation, and motoric abilities and skills. The article concludes with recommendations for further investigating the educational achievement of students who are deaf and hard of hearing so as to improve educational practice.

The integration of remote sensing data involves combining various data to get better information, or more information about an area or phenomenon of interest. When it comes to combining data, it usually refers to multi-hour, multi-resolution or multi-sensor data linking. The subject of multi-sensor data integration is the combining of data collected by different sensors. A common example of this type of integration is the integration of multispectral optical data with radar imagery. Both spectrally different modes of representation complement each other: optical data is ''in charge'' of detailed spectral information (used to differentiate soil types) while radar data show structural details on the surface.

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are used for different purposes in geodesy, like engineering geodesy, land management, real estate cadastre, land surveying, etc. However, high-precision GNSS measurements are used primarly for determination of reference networks, and for investigation of geodynamical phenomena as tectonic plates movements, which is the focus of this paper. An active GNSS network of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BIHPOS) was used for calculation of coordinates and velocities of networks' stations. Data from 23 stations were processed using scientific software GAMIT/GLOBK (version 10.7), developed on MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology). A sub-centimeter accuracy of coordinates is achieved and accuracy of calculated velocities is better than 1 mm/year. Station velocities interpretate geodynamics of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Six IGS stations were used, as reference datum stations. Reference stations analysis results are in good match with EUREF Permanent GNSS Network velocities, while BIHPOS stations velocities (at 13 stations in Bosnia and Herzegovina) show very similar trend to the velocities obtained from regional geodynamic campaigns (CERGOP).

Background: Medicines dispensing is an error-prone activity, therefore potentially jeopardizing patient safety. This study aimed to assess the community pharmacists’ attitudes towards the causes of dispensing errors and preventive measures, as well as their practice in incidents reporting. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed by distributing an adopted and validated questionnaire to a nationwide sample of community pharmacists in Serbia. The questionnaire included sections related to the participants’ socio-demographic characteristics, their attitudes towards factors causing dispensing errors and corrective actions, as well as their practice in reporting. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS Statistics software ver. 21.0. The associations between categorical variables were analyzed using Chi-square test. Results: The study included 1,004 participants, mainly female (94.9%), with the mean age 40.9±9.9 years and mean work experience 14.3±10.0 years. More than a third of the participants (35.4%) indicated an increasing risk of dispensing errors. The main causes included illegible prescriber‘s handwriting (44.3%) and interruptions during dispensing (39.2%), while the major corrective actions were providing pharmacists with education in clinical pharmacy (71%) and reducing the interruptions during dispensing (63.9%). The majority of respondents (85.2%) stated that they routinely reported dispensing incidents. However, even 16.5% of them admitted to having fear sometimes or always. Additionally, only 58.1% of participants would use voluntary dispensing error reporting system. Conclusion: Serbian community pharmacists are aware of the existing risk in medicines dispensing and the corrective actions identified should be put into practice so as to manage them prospectively. Although the results indicate good practice in incidents reporting, conducting tailored educations and building of safety culture is necessary to improve patient safety.