Summary A word, a term, written or spoken is the most beautiful jewel that a civilization can make. It can be therefore said that the specialized terminology of a particular profession – is its jewel. This professional jewel, specialized terminology, reflects not only its present time but also all the past ages it was developed through into a jewel of a culture and its civilizational value. This also applies to the specialized terminology of physical culture that is, the terminology of physical education and sport. It is also the jewel which reflects the present and the past; its developmental path that has always been adjusted to the social circumstances and time it has existed in. Its terminology can provide insight into its development, rises and falls, turns to the prevailing ’’noble’’ ideas, inflow of foreign words into the body of the specialized terminology. Development of the specialized terminology for physical culture that is, physical education and sport includes not only deep consideration and proficiency but also good intentions to make improvements to the profession and not to the current geopolitical (in)conveniences. It is therefore very important to emphasize that search and selection of a term which can indeed reflect the conceptual content in question is neither easy nor automatic. Moreover, if a good intention is missing, then various problems in communication can occur. The Latins described it very well: Nomen est omen. Doubts about terms: physical culture – sport, physical education – sport education, physical exercising – physical activity, physical recreation – sport recreation are just some of the examples indicating that it is necessary to continue the development of the multilingual specialized terminology dictionary for our profession.

In the last two decades, attention on forests and ownership rights has increased in different domains of international policy, particularly in relation to achieving the global sustainable development goals. This paper looks at the changes in forest-specific legislation applicable to regular productive forests, across 28 European countries. We compare the legal framework applicable in the mid-1990s with that applicable in 2015, using the Property Rights Index in Forestry (PRIF) to measure changes across time and space. The paper shows that forest owners in most western European countries already had high decision-making power in the mid-1990s, following deregulation trends from the 1980s; and for the next two decades, distribution of rights remained largely stable. For these countries, the content and direction of changes indicate that the main pressure on forest-focused legislation comes from environmental discourses (e.g. biodiversity and climate change policies). In contrast, former socialist countries in the mid-1990s gave lower decision-making powers to forest owners than in any of the Western Europe countries; over the next 20 years these show remarkable changes in management, exclusion and withdrawal rights. As a result of these changes, there is no longer a clear line between western and former socialist countries with respect to the national governance systems used to address private forest ownership. Nevertheless, with the exception of Baltic countries which have moved towards the western forest governance system, most of the former socialist countries still maintain a state-centred approach in private forest management. Overall, most of the changes we identified in the last two decades across Europe were recorded in the categories of management rights and exclusion rights. These changes reflect the general trend in European forest policies to expand and reinforce the landowners’ individual rights, while preserving minimal rights for other categories of forest users; and to promote the use of financial instruments when targeting policy goals related to the environmental discourse.

Abstract The study of an effect of iron doping on the structural, microstructural and mechanical properties of sintered iron-doped mullite is presented. The results of phase composition, performed in detail by Mossbauer spectroscopy and XRD analysis, revealed that all added iron was inside the mullite lattice forming the single phase up to 12% by weight of Fe2O3 and 1300 °C. Samples, which were processed at 1550 °C, contained secondary phases, hematite or magnetite, regardless of the amount of added iron. Furthermore, the addition of iron decreases the values of relative linear shrinkage comparing to the values of undoped one (~18%) while the densities of the sintered samples rise as well as their values of microhardness. Even though the density values were not too high (90 TD%), the obtained values of microhardness were excellent, 1634 HV0.1 for maximum iron content due to the characteristic mullite microstructure.

Abstract The structural and morphological properties of iron-doped mullite powders are the subject of the present study. The powders of undoped and iron-doped mullite in the composition range of 3–15 wt% Fe2O3 were synthesized by a combination of sol-gel and combustion methods. The excess of water and urea were introduced in reaction solutions to enhance the copolymerization of aluminum and silicon species. The results of structural characterization revealed that the synthesized mullite powders were amorphous of a hybrid type. The specific surface area of the undoped mullite powder was 262 m2 g-1 with a maximum pore radius (dp) of 2 nm classifying it into mesoporous materials. The addition of iron has reduced the specific surface area, while the pore size value remained the same except for the sample with 3 wt% Fe2O3 (SBET = 278 m2 g-1; dp = 3 nm). The presence of iron caused lowering the temperature of liquid phase formation, while present urea combusted providing the increase of the temperature locally that caused the sintering and formation of agglomerates of smaller particles. However, the results of the particle size analysis are not straightforward. The values of mean volume diameter (D[3,4]) indicated that the particle size increased to 6 wt% Fe2O3 (123.6 μm), and then decreased and for the sample with 12 wt% Fe2O3, it was equal to 96.6 μm. Thus, the added iron contributed to the more uniform particle size distribution. The SEM analysis has also shown the coarse powder particles consisted of the coalesced smaller particles.

Abstract The subject of this research are the demographic trends and the educational system of the Republic of Srpska. The aim of the research is to define the concepts required to comprehend the demographic trends and to explore their implications for the educational system of the Republic of Srpska. In order to establish sustainable development in the Republic of Srpska, education being a key component therein, it is necessary to perceive its demographic resources in order to create an educational system. By means of empirical research with a presentation of results through factor and cluster analysis, generated quantitative and qualitative indices of demographic resources, particularly in the educational system. The Republic of Srpska as a whole belongs to type D, featuring poor demographic resources and characteristics, as well as prominent demographic disparities regarding spatial development. However, in order to increase the coverage, relevance and efficiency of completion of the education process, it is necessary to determine the strategic commitments to be accomplished together with certain quantitative demographic indicators of the achievement level (educational coverage of different generations). Demographic changes will pose a major challenge for policy makers and to the society in general across the upcoming decades and will require shaping new economic, tax, health, pension, educational, social, family and other policies that affect demographic changes. The research endeavour in this paper focuses on that very aspect, together with the respective applicative capabilities.

A questionnaire on biomarker testing previously used in central European countries was extended and distributed in Western and Central European countries to the pathologists participating at the Pulmonary Pathology Society meeting 26–28 June 2019 in Dubrovnik, Croatia. Each country was represented by one responder. For recent biomarkers the availability and reimbursement of diagnoses of molecular alterations in non-small cell lung carcinoma varies widely between different, also western European, countries. Reimbursement of such assessments varies widely between unavailability and payments by the health care system or even pharmaceutical companies. The support for testing from alternative sources, such as the pharmaceutical industry, is no doubt partly compensating for the lack of public health system support, but it is not a viable or long‐term solution. Ideally, a structured access to testing and reimbursement should be the aim in order to provide patients with appropriate therapeutic options. As biomarker enabled therapies deliver a 50% better probability of outcome success, improved and unbiased reimbursement remains a major challenge for the future.

This paper presents an off-body indoor propagation channel model. The model is based on a Friis transmission equation to which it adds the orientation-dependent body shadowing loss by adopting a basic model derived from a cosine function. Furthermore, the developed propagation model accounts for human body dynamics and different material reflections coefficients, both implemented using a random variables with uniform distribution. Created model was evaluated against a set of measurements conducted in the indoor environment at mmWave frequency (60 GHz) gathered from the literature, showing a good fit. The difference between the slopes of the proposed model and measurements is less than 6%.

This paper investigates the influence of user dynamics on small-scale fading characteristics in off-body channels. A statistical channel model employing a mobility model for wearable antennas on dynamic users is presented. The model is used to analyze the effects of both user’s linear forward motion and periodic wearable antenna displacement due to changes in posture, for walking and running. The time-variant Doppler shift exhibited by signals arriving from different directions is considered for wearable antennas on the chest, wrist and lower leg. A strong influence of the on-body placement is observed, with antennas on the arms and legs yielding up to a 2.2 times higher maximum Doppler frequency than with the antenna on the torso. Furthermore, the small-scale fading dynamics for these antennas vary considerably during the motion cycle, where one can distinguish between slow and fast phases. The latter is found to yield up to 4 times as high root-mean-square level-crossing rates than the former, in the case of the antenna on the lower leg. These findings imply an important effect of the periodic antenna displacement on fading dynamics in off-body channels, which is typically neglected in literature.

Microbiology laboratory is a type of medical laboratory and should be safe and efficient environment. Even it is not a mandatory for the accreditation in most of the countries, ISO/IEC 15189 remains the most common reference for quality of work in medical laboratories. It is mostly based on good laboratory practices and is oriented to support accurate clinical decisions. ISO/IEC 15189 has potential to become very effective instrument for development and improvement of medical laboratories. Results from laboratory should guide the majority of clinical decisions and help in providing adequate patient care. This article provides a simple approach to meet the minimum requirements set. To achieve intended goal and strictly follow the requirements proposed in the standard, the trained and well-motivated laboratory staff is necessary to implement the system. The objective of this article is for it to be used as a guideline for evaluation and implementation of the ISO 15189.

This paper presents the results of development of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) for prediction of medical device performance based on conformity assessment data. Conformity assessment data of medical devices was obtained from periodical inspections conducted by ISO 17020 accredited laboratory during 2015–2019 period. For the development of ANNs, 1738 samples of conformity assessment of infusion and perfusor pumps was used. Out of the overall number of samples, 1391 (80%) of them were used during system development and 346 (20%) samples were used for subsequent validation of system performance. During system development, the impact on overall system accuracy of different number of neurons in hidden layer and the activation functions was tested. Also, two neural network architectures were tested: feedforward and feedback. The results show that feedforward neural network architecture with 10 neurons in single hidden layer has the best performance. The overall accuracy of that neural network is 98.06% for performance prediction of perfusor pumps and 98.83% for performance prediction of infusion pumps. The recurrent neural network resulted in accuracy of 98.41% for both infusion pumps and perfusor pumps. The results show that conformity assessment data obtained through yearly inspections of medical devices can successfully be used for prediction of performance of single medical device. This is very important in increasing the safety and accuracy of diagnosis and treatment of patients.

Increasing incidence of cardiovascular disease and their mortality rate render them as second leading cause of death worldwide. Artificial Intelligence (AI) is used in many fields of science and industry, but also has found its use in medicine for diagnosis, treatment and prediction of diseases. This paper presents the review of AI application in cardiology. The review is based on research papers published in Medline database. Findings of the review indicate that, according to accuracy parameter, the overall performance of AI based models for cardiovascular application is above 83%. Based on the results, AI algorithms and deep learning can be rendered as accurate, hence showing possibility to be used as a diagnostic tool now and in the future. New era of modern diagnosing is coming and Artificial Intelligence has the potential to change the way in which medicine is practiced.

Introduction: Hyperuricemia is an independent risk factor for the development of many diseases. Aim: The aim of this paper is to compare the effects of allopurinol and febuxostat on the values of triglycerides and uric acid in hyperuricemic patients. Methods: This was a pharmacological-clinical retrospective-prospective study. The research sample comprised 50 examinees of both genders and different ages who were undergoing allopurinol (100 mg/day) or febuxostat (80 mg/day) therapy. Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) Software and Microsoft Excel were used for statistical analysis. Results: Examinees who were treated with allopurinol had a statistically significant decrease in uric acid concentrations (by 126.28 ± 20.36 μmol/l) at the end of the observation compared to the initial values (p = 0.006). Examinees who were treated with febuxostat had a statistically significant decrease in uric acid concentrations (by 252.80 ± 94.17 μmol/l) at the end of the observation compared to the initial values (p = 0.001). The initial value of triglycerides was 1.58 ± 0.64 mmol/l in allopurinol-treated examinees, and 1.60 ± 0.52 mmol/l in febuxostat-treated examinees. After three and six months of allopurinol use, there was a statistically significant increase in triglyceride values (p = 0.046 and p = 0.042, respectively). A statistically significant decrease in triglyceride values (by 0.16 ± 0.10 mmol/l) was noted after three months of febuxostat use (p = 0.012). Conclusion: The results of this research confirmed the previous findings and pointed out the positive pharmacological effects of allopurinol and febuxostat.

Abstract Buško Blato Reservoir, the third largest hydro accumulation in Europe, is situated in the south-eastern part of the karstic Livanjsko Polje Valley. This aquatic ecosystem is distinguished by a very rich ichthyofauna and the presence of four endemic fish species. Numerous studies focus on ichthyological researches of Buško Blato Reservoir. Its ichthyofauna has been exposed to changes in ecological factors, which in turn reflected on the structure and composition of fish populations. The main objective of this paper was to assess the current state and predict future trends in the ichthyofauna structure and dynamics based on the field data and comprehensive analyses of literature data. The results of the research indicated the presence of 11 fish species from four families, which is the largest number of fish species ever recorded in this ecosystem. Sander lucioperca, Lepomis gibbosus, Pseudorasbora parva and Tinca tinca were recorded for the first time in this ecosystem, while some previously recorded species were not found. The results of the analyses clearly indicate the presence of natural interspecific competition and significant level of threats to the endemic fish species caused by human activities.

Lightning is the main cause of line outages on overhead distribution lines, especially for lines located in mountain areas and without line surge arresters installed along the line. This paper is dedicated to lightning outage performance of distribution line “Kotor – Lovćen” that operates in mountain Lovćen area. Shielding failure rate, shielding failure flashover rate and back flashover rate are calculated using Sigma Slp software. Lightning data collected by two advanced lightning activity monitoring systems are analyzed and used in number of simulations conducted for purposes of this paper.