Rheumatoid arthritis is a polygenic disease of unknown etiology, occurs worldwide in both developed and underdeveloped countries and involves all races. The aim of this study is to determine the correlation between hematological parameters (DBC and ESR) and biomarkers of inflammation (CRP) in patients with RA predisposing gene variants HLA-DRB1*04 or HLA-DRB1*03. This study analyzed the results of hematological and biochemical parameters of 33 patients diagnosed with RA, carriers ofgene variants of HLA-DRB1*04 or HLA-DRB1*03, and 33 subjects of control group non-carriers for HLA-DRB1*04 or HLA-DRB1*03. All hematological parameters (DBC) were analyzed on a Beckman Coulter DxH 800 hematology counter. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was expressed in mm/h. The CRP biochemical test was performed on a Cobas c311 automatic analyzer. In group of RA patients carriers of HLA-DRB1*04 or HLA-DRB1*03 gene variants, the values of HGB and HCTwere significantlylower(p < 0.05) while the values of RDW, RDW-SD, MO, BA, MO#, BA#, ESR and CRP were statistically increased (p < 0.05) from the control group without these variants.

ABSTRACT Vaccination uptake in the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (FBiH), in Bosnia and Herzegovina, is suboptimal. This study aimed to (1) assess vaccination coverage, timeliness and drop-out for children born in 2015 and 2016 and compare these with official administrative coverage estimates, (2) identify associations between characteristics of children/caregivers and vaccination uptake. This was a cross-sectional study based on patient files for children 12–23 months (n = 1800) and 24–35 months (n = 1800). Methods were adapted from the World Health Organization cluster survey methodology. A two-stage stratified sampling procedure was conducted in urban and rural strata. A structured paper-based form was completed by a pediatrician/nurse from randomly selected primary care centers and patient files. Estimates were based on weighted analysis with a 95% confidence interval to account for the survey sampling design. Vaccination coverage was consistent with administrative coverage levels for BCG, DTP and MMR, and lower for HepB; all considerably lower than regional targets. Children in urban areas had lower vaccination uptake. An assumption that anti-vaccination sentiment prevails among caregivers was not confirmed; only 2% of children were not vaccinated at all, instead challenges related to delays and drop-out. An assumption of caregiver concerns for the MMR vaccine was confirmed with low uptake and delays. The FBiH has experienced vaccination schedule changes due to supply issues; findings confirmed that sustainability in supply and schedule is high priority. These data are new and provide important information for developing strategies to increase uptake.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate adverse effects, progression free survival (PFS), one-year local control (LC) and one-year overall survival (OS) of patients with liver oligometastases treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), and whether there was a significant difference in these parameters in patients with primary colorectal cancer compared to other tumor localizations. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients were simulated using four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT). Using volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) technique, SBRT was performed on 16 patients with <3 liver metastases. The prescribed dose was 60 Gy in 8 fractions (BED 105 Gy). Cone beam CT (CBCT) was used for image guidance before each fraction with online correction. RESULTS There were no adverse effects. Median PFS for all patients, patients with primary colorectal cancer, and patients with primary non-colorectal cancer was 11 months (SE 2.1), 16 months (SE 2.8), 6 months (SE 2.4), respectively. There was no significant difference in the PFS for these two observed groups (P=0.09). The one-year LC was 62.5%. Patients with primary colorectal cancer had one-year LC of 87.5%, while the group of patients with primary non-colorectal cancer had one-year LC of 37.5% (P=0.063). The total one-year OS was 87.5%. In the group of patients with primary colorectal cancer, the one-year OS was 100%, while in the group of patients with primary non-colorectal cancer, the one-year OS was 75% (P=0.317). CONCLUSION SBRT with 8 × 7.5 Gy can be safely delivered and is effective method of treating liver oligometastases.

The development of robotics and AI agents has enabled their wider usage in human surroundings. AI agents are more trusted to make increasingly important decisions with potentially critical outcomes. It is essential to consider the ethical consequences of the decisions made by these systems. In this paper, we present how contrastive explanations can be used for comparing the ethics of plans. We build upon an existing ethical framework to allow users to make suggestions to plans and receive contrastive explanations.

The world agriculture uses about 70% of the world water resources in irrigation. The concern over the sustainability of water use as demand for agricultural, industrial, and domestic uses continues to increase. Conflicts between particular sectors result in tensions, which sometimes lead to “water wars” in different parts of the world. It is the reason why many national and international organizations are putting the water quantity and quality questions on the top of the world’s open questions/problems. The main aim of this paper is to present soil water balance of the Mediterranean region of Bosnia and Herzegovina, prepared for a long-term time series for two locations (Trebinje and Mostar) annually and during the vegetation period. The mean long-term data has been used as a base for future predicted calculation. The predicted PET was based on an increase in air temperature by 2°C and predicted decrease in precipitation by 25%. With so predicted calculated data of monthly PET and monthly precipitation the predicted soil water balance was done.

Retention is a phase of orthodontic treatment devised to keep the teeth in a correct position once the orthodontic treatment has been completed. There are three main characteristics that each ideal retainer is required to have: to keep the teeth in the correct position after orthodontic therapy, to be long lasting and resistant to mechanical damage, and to have no adverse long-term effects on periodontal tissue. Through a computer-based browsing through a number of databases (such as, e.g. PubMed and Google Scholar) we have found and analysed various articles used in this research. The inclusion criteria to be met were: an overall availability of a research paper, the requirement that these research papers are published in English, that these research papers were published in the period 2007-2019, the requirement that the research papers should involve clinically randomized studies and that their titles contain one of the predefined keywords. The database browsing that is based on the said keywords and carried out within the above time frame has resulted in finding 165 relevant articles. A complete set of the inclusion criteria were met by 8 published research papers, but 7 articles were analysed in the end. The selected articles have compared different types of fixed and mobile retainers, different times of wearing the retainers, the impact that the retainers had on the periodontium, and the acceptability of different retention protocols for patients. The conclusion of this research paper is that bonded retainers prove to be most effective in stabilising the position of the incisors, particularly the lower ones, but that their disadvantages include the reopening of the extraction space and the retention of plaque due to difficulties in maintaining oral hygiene. Vacuum-formed retainers appear to be more effective than Hawley retainers in retaining the position of the incisors, and patients have indicated that they are more acceptable to wear. Hawley retainers prove to be most effective in preserving a closed extraction space, but they do now show solid results with regard to other segments. Changes in the overbite, overjet, arch length, and anterior and posterior widths did not show any significant statistical differences in the different types of retainers.   Keywords: orthodontics, retention, stability, impact

The optimal capital structure differs between companies and depends on the nature of the business, the characteristics of the business, etc. Usually when business income is higher, there is a reduction in business risk, while, on the other hand, higher profits and accumulated profits lead to an increase in investments and debt. In the research 10 companies of the power sector, representing the stock exchange index ERS 10 were examined. The following dependent variable was used: short term debt to total liabilities (STDTL). The following independent variables were used: current ratio (CR), return on capital employed (ROCE), earning before interest taxes depreciation (EBITDA), return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE),  the tangibility of assets (TOA), firm size (FS) and gross domestic product growth (GDP growth). The research period covered the years from 2008-2018 on a semi-annual basis. The total number of observations was 220. The main objective of the paper is to determine explanatory factors that influence the changes in short-term indebtedness and profitability of 10 companies within the power sector of Republika Srpska entity that constitute the stock exchange index ERS 10 in the period 2008-2018 on a semiannual basis (a total of 220 observations). The dependent variable is a short term debt to total liabilities (STDTL) while independent variables are as follows: current ratio (CR), return on capital employed (ROCE), earnings before interest, taxes and depreciation (EBITDA), return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), the tangibility of assets (TOA), firm size (FS) and GDP growth. 

Tobacco consumption continues to be behavior engaged in by a large percentage of Bosnia & Herzegovina (BiH) citizens. According to the official statistics, nearly half of the state’s adults, that is about 1,200,600 people, consume tobacco products on a daily bases. The state excise policy is one of the main available tools for reducing smoking prevalence because cigarette prices are under the direct impact of this policy. The specific excise on cigarettes introduced in BiH in 2009 and has increased every year so it was the main driver of cigarette price growth. In order to provide research-based evidence for more effective tobacco taxation policies in BIH, in this paper we estimate the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes using the macro-level data for the period 2008 to 2017, on a semi-annual basis. The results have shown that the increase in prices of cigarettes has a statistically significant impact on cigarette consumption, at a significance level of 1%. The estimated price elasticity coefficient is in the range from -0.71 to -0.83, depends on the selected control variables used in the model. It means that the increase in real cigarette prices for 10% led to a decrease in cigarette consumption in the range from 7.1% to 8.3%.

This paper aims to analyze the statistical parameters and to determine the differences between the water polo tournament in Sisak and the water polo tournament in Sarajevo. Situational efficiency utilizing certain variables shows us the most important parts of the game during a water polo match. Statistics is a scientific discipline that studies the methods of collecting, collating, analyzing, and interpreting data. The sample consists of 336 water polo players, from six clubs of two age categories from the league of Canton Sarajevo and six clubs of two age categories from the Sisak International Tournament, in the "junior and cadet" categories for men born in 2003 and 2004, 2005. The sample of variables consists of 9 tests to assess situational efficiency in a water polo game that defines the main characteristics of a water polo match. The following will explain the observed variables: goals scored, attempt to score, goal from action, center to score, anchor to score, penalty, attempt from penalty defended by the goalkeeper or player missed, foul on the counter-attack, sprint - counter with a goal scored. The results of the H square test show that there are statistically significant differences (p .000) in the analyzed segments of the water polo match. It can be concluded that the teams in the tournament in Sisak are better organized because in every aspect they have achieved better results in comparison to the Sarajevo tournament. The teams from Sisak were better and faster swimming because a lot of goals were scored by counter-attack, more attempts to shoot at goal (Sisak), fewer penalties, which means that in Sarajevo is rough play and greater success of winning teams in penalties.

Proper body posture should be at the very top, as this is the basic prerequisite of good health, normal growth, and development. The aim of this research was to determine significant differences between the initial and final measurements in the results of body deformities in students of classroom teaching. The study was conducted on a sample of 1105 students, aged 5 – 12 years. Diagnosis of body posture was performed according to Napoleon Wolanski's criteria. Measuring instruments/tests were used to measure the curvature of the spine, and the check of the structure of the feet was performed by the method of plantography. By analyzing the posture variables of individual body parts of the sample studied, using descriptive statistics, it was determined that there was a statistically significant representation of physical deformities, as well as statistically significant differences between the initial and final measurements in the results of physical deformities of class teaching students. The analysis of the obtained results provided data showing that in the initial measurement 231 students of class teaching have chest deformities, 792 students have spinal deformities, 267 students have leg deformities and 671 students have foot deformities. In the final measurement, 123 class teaching students have chest deformities, 488 students have spinal deformities, 133 students have leg deformities and 439 students have foot deformities. Based on the research it can be concluded that the frequency of physical deformities can be significantly reduced by planned and continuous corrective procedures, i.e. by applying appropriate content in physical and health education classes.

Austempered ductile iron (ADI) belongs to the heat-treated class of ductile iron. The heat treatment consists of austenitization and the tempering process. The microstructure of an ADI sample is ausferrite consisting of acicular ferrite, carbon-saturated austenite and a graphite phase in the shape of nodules. The corrosion properties of ADI samples depend on the microstructure constituents and stability of the microstructure. In this paper, the influence of ausferrite microstructure decomposition on the corrosion properties of the ADI samples are presented. During the research, Tafel curve extrapolation and potentiodynamic polarization were used. It was found that the ausferrite microstructure decomposition very strongly affected the general corrosion behavior of the ADI samples.

Deliberate unaccountability (insanity) is an institute known in legal theory as Actiones liberae in causa. Its significance lies it is an exception to the general rules for determining accountability and guilt. The exception is to regulate the guilt of persons who arbitrarily bring themselves into a state of temporary mental disorder and commit a crime in such a state. The central theme of the paper is the definition and legal regulation of actiones liberae in causa in Serbian criminal law, its demarcation from non-accounting and substantially reduced accounting as well as its application in practice.